Name: selective depletion of microglia from cerebellar granule cell cultures using l-leucine methyl ester
Uploaded: 2015-07-07T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 10 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Selective Depletion of Microglia from Cerebellar Granule Cell Cultures Using L-leucine Methyl Ester at JoVE.com

This research was support by an Aims2Cure, UK and a UCL Impact Award Ph.D. studentship to JMP and an MRC Capacity Building Ph.D. studentship in Dementia to JMP.

여기에 설명 된 모든 실험은 영국의 동물 (과학적인 절차) 1986 년 법에 따라 수행 하였다. 악기, 문화 미디어, 그리고 요리 1. 준비 <ol><li> 두 스테인레스 스틸 실험실 해부 가위와 두 개의 스테인레스 스틸 실험실 집게를 준비합니다. 문화 후드 O의 모든 악기와 장소를 압​​력솥 / N 살균 자외선 (UV) 빛 아래. </li><li> 최소 필수 매체 (MEM) 배지 (500 mL로 10 % 태아 소 혈청 [FBS, 20 mM의 KCl을 25 mM의 NaHCO3를, 30 mM의 D- 글루코오스, 2 mM L- 글루타민, 100 U / ㎖ 페니실린, 100 μg의 / ㎖ 스트렙토 마이신, 6 μg의 / ㎖ 암피실린) 및 필터 소독. 달 동안 4 ℃에서 보관하십시오. </li><li> 14mm, 번호 1 두께 된 커버를 포함하는 24 잘 배양 플레이트를 준비합니다. 이전에 3 설명한 바와 같이 100 ㎎ / ℓ 폴리 D 라이신 (PDL)의 커버 슬립과 코트를 압력솥. 자외선은 O / N을 소독. </li></ol> CGC 문화 솔루션 2. 준비 <ol><li> 처리 된 오토 클레이브, UV 광, 멸균 DH에서 &#39;용액 A&#39;(100 ㎖)를 준비 포도당 250 ㎎, 소 혈청 알부민 [BSA] 300 mg을 인산염 완충 염수 [PBS (칼슘 및 955 ㎎을 함유하는 2 O 마그네슘) + 무료, 3.8 %의 1 ml의 황산 4 · 7H 2 O </li><li> A. 용액 9 ㎖에 희석 / ㎖ 트립신 5 mg을 1 ㎖를 함유하는 &#39;용액 B&#39;(10 ㎖)를 준비 </li><li> &#39;용액 C&#39;1000 유닛의 DNase, 대두 트립신 억제제의 0.5 ㎎, A. 용액 10 mL로 희석하여 3.8 % 황산 · 7H 2 O 100 ㎕를 함유하는 (10 ㎖)를 준비 </li><li> A. 용액으로 20 ㎖로 희석 용액 3.2 ml의 C를 함유 &#39;용액 D&#39;(20 ㎖)를 준비 </li><li> · 7H 2 O EBSS, 25 mM의 NaHCO3를, 3 mM의 황산을 포함 BSA / 얼의 균형 소금 솔루션 (EBSS) 솔루션을 준비하고,4 % BSA, pH를 7.4으로 이전에 3을 설명했다. </li><li> 150 mM의 LME의 최종 농도를 수득 MEM 배지 5 ㎖에 순수한 LME 추가하여 LME 준비 벤치 탑 pH 미터를 사용하여 pH를 7.4까지 용액을 복귀하고, 필터는 28mm의 폴리 에테르 설폰 (PES), 0.2 μm의 주사기를 사용하여 소독 필터. </li></ol> 3. CGCs을 배양 <ol><li> 이전에 3 설명한대로 4-7 일 된 쥐 새끼에서 소뇌를 수집합니다. 얼음에 5 ml의 솔루션을 포함하는 배양 접시에 바로 배치합니다. </li><li> 페트리 접시 뚜껑에 소뇌와 장소 조직에서 과잉 솔루션을 붓고. </li><li> 적어도 세 개의 서로 다른 방향에서 잘 골조 면도날 미세 조직을 잘라. </li><li> 5 분 동안 37 ℃에서 물을 욕조에 솔루션 (손실 제한 조직을 위해 솔루션 페트리 접시를 씻어) B와 장소에 다진 조직을 추가합니다. 분의 부드럽게 모든 커플을 흔들어. </li><li> 트립신, 흔들림 센트를 중화하기 위해 튜브에 용액 D (20 ml)에 추가5 분 동안 65 XG에 rifuge. </li><li> 상층 액을 붓는다. </li><li> 현탁액 가능한 균질해질 때까지, 직경을 감소시키는 세 골조 유리 피펫으로 잘 용액 C. 씹다 4 ㎖ (약 10 회)에 재현 탁. </li><li> 천천히 부드럽게 BSA / EBSS 위에이 균질 몇 방울을 추가합니다. 이 BSA / EBSS를 통해 싱크 시작하면, 더 씹다 및 / 또는 균질는 BSA / EBSS의 상단에 레이어에 앉아 있어야 좀 더 솔루션 C를 추가 할 수 있습니다. 흔들지 마십시오. 5 분 동안 100 XG 스핀. </li><li> 상층 액과 MEM 배지 1 ㎖에 재현 탁 펠릿 (소프트)를 제거합니다. </li><li> MEM 배지 500 μL에 80 만 셀 / 커버 슬립에서 혈구와 플레이트를 사용하여 세포를 계산합니다. 6 % CO 2와 37 ° C에서 인큐베이터에있는 장소. </li><li> 매체에게 다음 날 (준비 후 24 ~ 36 시간)을 변경합니다. 세포주기 억제제 아라 비노 푸라 노실 시티 딘 (ARAÇ) 10 μM을 함유하는 MEM 배지 용액을 제조. <ol><li> 각각커버 슬립은 다시 세포와 정상까지 오래된 매체의 250 μl를 추가, 신선한 24 웰 플레이트에서 기존 매체의 250 μl를 유지 나머지를 대기음, 정상 MEM 배지 250 μl를 추가 한 다음, 세포를 씻어이 대기음 ARAÇ 함유 매체의 250 μL와. 참고 : 세포는 체외 (DIV)에서 육일에서 사용할 수 있습니다. </li></ol></li></ol> 4. 선택적으로 미세 아교 세포 고갈 (6 DIV에서 수행) <ol><li> 150 mM의 LME의 최종 농도를 수득 MEM 배지 별개 분취 량 5 ml의 순수한 LME 추가. </li><li> pH 7.4의 용액으로 돌아가서 필터 28mm 폴리 에테르 술폰 (PES), 0.2 μm의 주사기 필터를 이용하여 멸균. </li><li> 제어 배양 정상적인 MEM 배지와 함께 10 분 동안 37 O C에서 수욕 MEM 배지 자리에 50 mM의 (2 × LME)의 농도로 용액을 희석. </li><li> 반 (250 μL) CGC의 문화 MEM 배지를 제거하고 37 ℃에서 유지한다. </li><li> 취급 세포또는 제어 문화에 대한 LME없이 미리 예열 MEM 배지 (250 μL) 25 mm의 잘 농도를주는 1 : 즉, 2 × LME (250 μL)를 포함하는 MEM 배지로 1 희석. </li><li> 1 시간 동안 6 % CO 2의 가습 분위기에서 37 ℃에서 세포를 배양한다. </li><li> 두번 신선한 미리 예열 MEM 배지에서 세척 세포 LME - 함유 배지를 제거하고 배양 배지를 유지 및 해당 웰 신선한 미리 예열 MEM 매체의 동일 부피를 대체한다. </li><li> (37 ° C에서 6 % CO 2 가습) 인큐베이터에 문화를 반환하고 추가 처리하기 전에 24 시간 동안 나머지 둡니다. </li></ol>

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

가장 중요한 단계는 CGC에서 미세 아교 세포의 성공적인 선택적 제거를 보장하기 위해 및 / 또는 혼합 된 문화가있다 : 1) 멸균 및 건강한 CGC 문화를 유지하는 단계; 2) 필터 LME 함유 배지를 살균하여 pH 7.4 용액을 복귀; 3) 유지 CGC 미디어를 유지하고 37 미디어 LME이 함유 열 충격을 방지하기 위해 C를 °; 4) 세포를 배양기 밖에 유지되는 시간을 줄이기 위해 빨리 작동. 이?...

인간의 두뇌는 추정 850 억 뉴런 및 아교 세포를 포함 하나 85000000000 다른 비 신경 세포를 포함한다. 영어로 번역 &#39;아교 세포&#39;의 따라서 그리스 어원 - 신경 과학자가 신경 세포 인구에 주로 초점을 맞추고있다 지난 100 년간의 큰 부분을 위해, 아교 세포를 믿는 것은 뉴런 구조 지원을 제공하는 수동적 인 지원 세포보다 조금 더 할 수 &#39;접착제&#39;. 최근에, 그러나, 신경 - 아교 상호 작용이 신경 생물학, 신경 생리학, 많은 신경 퇴행성 질환의 기원과 진행의 기본 측면에 훨씬 더 근본적인 될 수 있다는 것을 점점 더 분명되고있다. 소뇌 과립 세포 (CGCs), 인간의 두뇌에서 가장 풍부한 균일 신경 인구는 소뇌를 지배하고 세포 구성 성분의 90 % 이상을 차지한다. 따라서, 이러한 세포는 t위한 모델 시스템으로 in vitro에서 광범위하게 사용되어왔다그는 신경 발달, 기능, 병리 2-6의 연구. 그러나, CGC의 문화는 여전히 논란의 여지 상당한 비율의 미세 아교 세포 및 기타 아교 세포가 포함되어 있습니다. 그 결과, 추정되는 다른 세포 치료법에 직접 신경 반응을 표시 CGC 데이터가 실제로 발생할 수 - 부분적 또는 전체로 - 배양에서 신경교 이웃 간접 보조 응답으로부터. 이를 평가하기 위해, 우리는 선택적으로 L-류신 메틸 에스테르 (LME)의 도움으로 CGC의 연결을 문화에서 미세 아교를 제거. LME 원래 선택적 식세포 7을 파괴하는데 사용 lysomotropic 에이전트이며, 이후 선택적 신경, 성상 세포, 및 신경 교세포의 혼합 배양에서 8,9,10 미세 아교 세포를 고갈하는 데 사용되어왔다. LME는 리소좀 파쇄 및 후속 13,14 아폽토시스를 유발하며, 대 식세포와 미세 아교 세포에 의해 내재화된다. 대 식세포와 미세 아교 세포는 그들이 particula로 발생 리소좀에서 특징적으로 풍부LME 처리에 노출시 RLY 취약합니다. 이 프로토콜은 CGC 및 다른 신경 / 아교 세포 배양 시스템을 이용한 실험에서 미세 아교 세포의 기여를 확인 할 수있는 강력하면서도 간단하고 쉬운 방법을 제공합니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Forceps&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>F4142</td><td>The curved end facilitates removal of the cerebellum&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Micro-dissecting scissors</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>S3146</td><td>Straight, sharp point facilitates rodent P4-7 dissection&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>L-leucine methyl ester hydrochloride</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>7517-19-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EBSS solution&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>E7510-500 ml</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Poly-D-lysine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>27964-99-4</td><td>Coat coverslips 1 day before use&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Bovine serum albumin (BSA)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A9418</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P4417</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DNase</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>D5025</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Soybean trypsin inhibitor&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>T6414</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mouse anti-ED1 antibody&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Abcam</td><td>ab31630</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

selective depletion of microglia from cerebellar granule cell cultures using l-leucine methyl ester

Microglia, the resident immunocompetent cells of the CNS, play multifaceted roles in modulating and controlling neuronal function, as well as mediating innate immunity. Primary rodent cell culture models have greatly advanced our understanding of neuronal-glial interactions, but only recently have methods to specifically eliminate microglia from mixed cultures been utilized. One such technique &#8211; described here &#8211; is the use of L-leucine methyl ester, a lysomotropic agent that is internalized by macrophages and microglia, wherein it causes lysosomal disruption and subsequent apoptosis13,14. Experiments using L-leucine methyl ester have the power to identify the contribution of microglia to the surrounding cellular environment under diverse culture conditions. Using a protocol optimized in our laboratory, we describe how to eliminate microglia from P5 rodent cerebellar granule cell culture. This approach allows one to assess the relative impact of microglia on experimental data, as well as determine whether microglia are playing a neuroprotective or neurotoxic role in culture models of neurological conditions, such as stroke, Alzheimer&#8217;s or Parkinson&#8217;s disease.

선택적으로 CGC 및 / 또는 혼합 된 문화에서 미세 아교 세포를 제거하기 위해이 기술의 능력을 정확하게 파악하고 자신의 주변 세포에서 미세 아교 세포를 분화하는 연구자의 후속 능력에 의존한다. 도 1에 도시 된 바와 같이, 이것은, 예컨대 동종 렉틴-B4 같이, 소교 특정 셀 머신을 사용하여 달성 될 수있다.도 2에서 설명한 바와 같이, 성상 세포 및 신경 세포의 밀도 및 형?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Selective Depletion of Microglia from Cerebellar Granule Cell Cultures Using L-leucine Methyl Ester at JoVE.com

Selective Depletion of Microglia from Cerebellar Granule Cell Cultures Using L-leucine Methyl Ester

Microglia can influence neurons and other glia in culture by various non-cell autonomous mechanisms. Here, we present a protocol to selectively deplete microglia from primary neuronal cultures. This method has the potential to elucidate the role of microglial-neuronal interactions, with implications for neurodegenerative conditions where neuroinflammation is a hallmark feature.

소뇌 과립 세포 배양에서 미세 아교 세포의 선택적 고갈 L - 류신 메틸 에스테르를 사용하여

Microglia, the resident immunocompetent cells of the CNS, play multifaceted roles in modulating and controlling neuronal function, as well as mediating ...

selective-depletion-microglia-from-cerebellar-granule-cell-cultures

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

8.6K 조회수.  University of Washington. Microglia can influence neurons and other glia in culture by various non-cell autonomous mechanisms. Here, we present a protocol to selectively deplete microglia from primary neuronal cultures. This method has the potential to elucidate the role of microglial-neuronal interactions, with implications for neurodegenerative conditions where neuroinflammation is a hallmark feature. 

비디오: Selective Depletion of Microglia from Cerebellar Granule Cell Cultures Using L-leucine Methyl Ester

Primary Microglia Isolation from Mixed Glial Cell Cultures of Neonatal Rat Brain Tissue

Microglia account for approximately 12% of the total cellular population in the mammalian brain. While neurons and astrocytes are considered the major cell types of the nervous system, microglia play a significant role in normal brain physiology by monitoring tissue for debris and pathogens and maintaining homeostasis in the parenchyma via phagocytic activity 1,2. Microglia are activated during a number of injury and disease conditions, including neurodegenerative disease, traumatic brain injury, and nervous system infection 3. Under these activating conditions, microglia increase their phagocytic activity, undergo morpohological and proliferative change, and actively secrete reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, often activating a paracrine or autocrine loop 4-6. As these microglial responses contribute to disease pathogenesis in neurological conditions, research focused on microglia is warranted.
	Due to the cellular heterogeneity of the brain, it is technically difficult to obtain sufficient microglial sample material with high purity during in vivo experiments. Current research on the neuroprotective and neurotoxic functions of microglia require a routine technical method to consistently generate pure and healthy microglia with sufficient yield for study. We present, in text and video, a protocol to isolate pure primary microglia from mixed glia cultures for a variety of downstream applications. Briefly, this technique utilizes dissociated brain tissue from neonatal rat pups to produce mixed glial cell cultures. After the mixed glial cultures reach confluency, primary microglia are mechanically isolated from the culture by a brief duration of shaking. The microglia are then plated at high purity for experimental study.
	The principle and protocol of this methodology have been described in the literature 7,8. Additionally, alternate methodologies to isolate primary microglia are well described 9-12. Homogenized brain tissue may be separated by density gradient centrifugation to yield primary microglia 12. However, the centrifugation is of moderate length (45 min) and may cause cellular damage and activation, as well as, cause enriched microglia and other cellular populations. Another protocol has been utilized to isolate primary microglia in a variety of organisms by prolonged (16 hr) shaking while in culture 9-11. After shaking, the media supernatant is centrifuged to isolate microglia. This longer two-step isolation method may also perturb microglial function and activation. We chiefly utilize the following microglia isolation protocol in our laboratory for a number of reasons: (1) primary microglia simulate in vivo biology more faithfully than immortalized rodent microglia cell lines, (2) nominal mechanical disruption minimizes potential cellular dysfunction or activation, and (3) sufficient yield can be obtained without passage of the mixed glial cell cultures.
	It is important to note that this protocol uses brain tissue from neonatal rat pups to isolate microglia and that using older rats to isolate microglia can significantly impact the yield, activation status, and functional properties of isolated microglia. There is evidence that aging is linked with microglia dysfunction, increased neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative pathologies, so previous studies have used ex vivo adult microglia to better understand the role of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases where aging is important parameter. However, ex vivo microglia cannot be kept in culture for prolonged periods of time. Therefore, while this protocol extends the life of primary microglia in culture, it should be noted that the microglia behave differently from adult microglia and in vitro studies should be carefully considered when translated to an in vivo setting.

Isolating primary microglia from the cellular heterogeneity of the brain is essential to investigate their role in both physiological and pathological conditions. This protocol describes a mechanical isolation and mixed cell culture technique that provides high yield and high purity, viable primary microglial cells for in vitro study and downstream applications.

신생아 쥐 뇌 조직의 혼합 Glial 세포 배양의 기본 Microglia 격리

Microglia account for approximately 12% of the  total cellular population in the mammalian brain. While neurons and astrocytes are considered  the major ...

연구

면역학 및 감염병학

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Isolation of microglia from CNS tissue is a powerful investigative tool used to study microglial biology ex vivo. The present method details a procedure for isolation of microglia from neonatal murine cortices by mechanical agitation with a rotary shaker. This microglia isolation method yields highly pure cortical microglia that exhibit morphological and functional characteristics indicative of quiescent microglia in normal, nonpathological conditions in vivo. This procedure also preserves the microglial immunophenotype and biochemical functionality as demonstrated by the induction of morphological changes, nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-&#954;B (p65), and secretion of the hallmark proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-&#945; (TNF-&#945;), upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Pam3CSK4 (Pam) challenges. Therefore, the present isolation procedure preserves the immunophenotype of both quiescent and activated microglia, providing an experimental method of investigating microglia biology in ex vivo conditions.

One key to successful investigation of microglial biology is the preservation of microglial immunofunction ex vivo during isolation from CNS tissue. Isolating microglia via rotary shaking results in highly pure and immunofunctional cell cultures as assessed by fluorescent imaging, immunocytochemistry, and ELISA following microglia activation with the proinflammatory stimuli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Pam3CSK4 (Pam).

쥐과 신생아에서 보존 면역 표현형과 기능으로 두피 소교 세포의 분리

Isolation of microglia from CNS tissue is a powerful investigative tool used to study microglial biology ex vivo. The present method details a procedure ...

Assessment of Neuronal Viability Using Fluorescein Diacetate-Propidium Iodide Double Staining in Cerebellar Granule Neuron Culture

Primary cultured Cerebellar Granule Neurons (CGNs) have been widely used as an in vitro model in neuroscience and neuropharmacology research. However, the co-existence of glial cells and neurons in CGN culture might lead to biases in the accurate assessment of neuronal viability. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and Propidium Iodide (PI) double staining has been used to measure cell viability by simultaneously evaluating the viable and dead cells. We used FDA-PI double staining to improve the sensitivities of the colorimetric assays and to evaluate neuronal viability in CGNs. Furthermore, we added blue fluorescent DNA stains (e.g., Hoechst) to improve the accuracy. This protocol describes how to improve the accuracy of assessment of neuronal viability by using these methods in CGN culture. Using this protocol, the number of glial cells can be excluded by using fluorescence microscopy. A similar strategy can be applied to distinguish the unwanted glial cells from neurons in various mixed cell cultures, such as primary cortical culture and hippocampal culture.

This protocol describes how to accurately measure neuronal viability using Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and Propidium Iodide (PI) double staining in cultured cerebellar granule neurons, a primary neuronal culture used as an in vitro model in neuroscience and neuropharmacology research.

소뇌 과립 신경 세포 배양에서 Fluorescein Diacetate-Propidium Iodide 이중 염색을 이용한 신경 생존력의 평가

Primary cultured Cerebellar Granule Neurons (CGNs) have been widely used as an in vitro model in neuroscience and neuropharmacology research. However, the ...

신경과학

Characterization and Isolation of Mouse Primary Microglia by Density Gradient Centrifugation

Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, are the first responders to inflammation or injury in the central nervous system. Recent research has revealed microglia to be dynamic, capable of assuming both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Both M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (pro-reparative) phenotypes play an important role in neuroinflammatory conditions such as perinatal brain injury, and exhibit differing functions in response to certain environmental stimuli. The modulation of microglial activation has been noted to confer neuroprotection thus suggesting microglia may have therapeutic potential in brain injury. However, more research is required to better understand the role of microglia in disease, and this protocol facilitates that. The protocol described below combines a density gradient centrifugation process to reduce cellular debris, with magnetic separation, producing a highly pure sample of primary microglial cells that can be used for in vitro experimentation, without the need for 2-3 weeks culturing. Additionally, the characterization steps yield robust functional data about microglia, aiding studies to better our understanding of the polarization and priming of these cells, which has strong implications in the field of regenerative medicine.

A protocol for the isolation of primary microglia from murine brains is presented. This technique aids in furthering the current understanding of neurological conditions. Density gradient centrifugation and magnetic separation are combined to produce sufficient yield of a highly pure sample. Furthermore, we outline the steps for characterization of microglia.

특성화 및 조밀도 기온 변화도 원심 분리 하 여 마우스 기본 Microglia의 절연

Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, are the first responders to inflammation or injury in the central nervous system. Recent research has ...

Isolation of Region-specific Microglia from One Adult Mouse Brain Hemisphere for Deep Single-cell RNA Sequencing

As resident macrophages in the central nervous system, microglia actively control brain development and homeostasis, and their dysfunctions may drive human diseases. Considerable advances have been made to uncover the molecular signatures of homeostatic microglia as well as alterations of their gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. With the advent and maturation of single-cell genomic methodologies, it is increasingly recognized that heterogenous microglia may underlie the diverse roles they play in different developmental and pathological conditions. Further dissection of such heterogeneity can be achieved through efficient isolation of microglia from a given region of interest, followed by sensitive profiling of individual cells. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the rapid isolation of microglia from different brain regions in a single adult mouse brain hemisphere. We also demonstrate how to use these sorted microglia for plate-based deep single-cell RNA sequencing. We discuss the adaptability of this method to other scenarios and provide guidelines for improving the system to accommodate large-scale studies.

We provide a protocol for isolation of microglia from different dissected regions of an adult mouse brain hemisphere, followed by semi-automated library preparation for deep single-cell RNA sequencing of full-length transcriptomes. This method will help to elucidate functional heterogeneity of microglia in health and disease.

깊은 단세포 RNA 염기서열 분석에 대한 하나의 성인 마우스 뇌 반구에서 영역 별 Microglia의 격리

As resident macrophages in the central nervous system, microglia actively control brain development and homeostasis, and their dysfunctions may drive ...

Isolation of Mouse Primary Microglia by Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting in Animal Models of Demyelination

Microglia, the resident innate immune cells in the brain, are the primary responders to inflammation or injury in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia can be divided into resting state and activated state and can rapidly change state in response to the microenvironment of the brain. Microglia will be activated under different pathological conditions and exhibit different phenotypes. In addition, there are many different subgroups of activated microglia and great heterogeneity between different subgroups. The heterogeneity mainly depends on the molecular specificity of microglia. Studies have revealed that microglia will be activated and play an important role in the pathological process of inflammatory demyelination. To better understand the characteristics of microglia in inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, we propose a perilesional primary microglial sorting protocol. This protocol utilizes columnar magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) to obtain highly purified primary microglia and preserve the molecular characteristics of microglia to investigate the potential effects of microglia in inflammatory demyelinating diseases.

Here, we present a protocol to isolate and purify primary microglia in animal models of demyelinating diseases, utilizing columnar magnetic-activated cell sorting.

탈수초화의 동물 모델에서 자기 활성화 세포 분류에 의한 마우스 일차 미세아교세포의 분리

Microglia, the resident innate immune cells in the brain, are the primary responders to inflammation or injury in the central nervous system (CNS). ...

Modeling Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Neuronal Death in Mouse Cerebellar Granule Neurons

Source: Laaper, M. et al., <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/55871">Modeling Neuronal Death and Degeneration in Mouse Primary Cerebellar Granule Neurons.</a>&#160;J. Vis. Exp. (2017).
This video outlines the generation of a neuronal injury model using reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse primary cerebellar granule neurons. It details the process of inducing oxidative stress by adding high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. ROS exposure causes DNA strand breaks and genomic instability. Additionally, the oxidation of cellular proteins impairs their functions, while lipid peroxidation compromises membrane integrity. This cascade leads to cytochrome c release and caspase activation, resulting in neuronal apoptosis.

1. Experimental Preparation
NOTE: The following stock solutions can be prepared and maintained until use.

	Dissection Solution
	
		Dissolve 3.62 g of ...

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Neuropathology

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Isolation of Microglia from the Cortex of an Adult Mouse Brain

Source: Zhou, L., et al., <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/60347">Isolation of Region-specific Microglia from One Adult Mouse Brain Hemisphere for Deep Single-cell RNA Sequencing.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2019)
The video demonstrates a technique for isolating microglia from the cortex of an adult mouse brain. First, the cortex undergoes segmentation and homogenization to remove neurons and other glial cells, preserving microglia. Following that, the cell suspension is exposed to anti-myelin magnetic microbeads and a magnetic field, effectively separating microglia and myeloid cells from myelin debris and cells containing myelin.

성인 마우스 뇌의 피질에서 미세아교세포의 분리

All procedures involving sample collection have been performed in accordance with the institute&#39;s IRB guidelines.
1. Mechanical Tissue Dissociation
...

Neuronal Culture Techniques

Primary Neuronal Culture

Isolation and Culture of Mouse Primary Cerebellar Granule Neurons

Source: Laaper, M., et al. <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/55871">Modeling Neuronal Death and Degeneration in Mouse Primary Cerebellar Granule Neurons.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2017)
This video demonstrates the technique for isolating and culturing primary mouse cerebellar granule neurons. Cells are treated with an antimetabolite to eliminate proliferating glial cells and produce a pure culture of cerebellar granule neurons.

Isolation and Culture of Mouse Primary Cerebellar Granule Neurons(마우스 1차 소뇌 과립 뉴런의 분리 및 배양)

All procedures involving sample collection have been performed in accordance with the institute&#39;s IRB guidelines.
1. Experimental Preparation
NOTE: ...

Selectively Removing Microglia from a Rat Cerebellar Granule Neuron Culture

Source: Jebelli, J., et al. <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/52983">Selective Depletion of Microglia from Cerebellar Granule Cell Cultures Using L-leucine Methyl Ester.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2015)
This video demonstrates a technique for the selective removal of microglia from a primary rat neuronal culture. Cerebellar granule neurons are treated with an antimetabolite to eliminate proliferating glial cells. Additionally, they are treated with lysosome-targeting agents to deplete microglia from the culture.

쥐 소뇌 과립 뉴런 배양에서 미세아교세포를 선택적으로 제거

All procedures involving sample collection have been performed in accordance with the institute&#39;s IRB guidelines.
1. Preparation of Instruments, ...