우리는 박사에 감사드립니다. 시약을 제공 마르쿠스 만츠와 어빙 와이즈맨. 우리는 또한 각각 의학 및 NTU 병원의 국립 대만 대학에서 유세포 분석 및 우선의 셀 정렬 핵심 시설과 두 번째 핵심 연구소가 제공하는 서비스를 인정합니다. 이 작품은 과학 기술, 대만의 교육부에 의해 지원되었다 (가장 102-2320-B-002-030-MY3)과 국민 건강 연구소, 대만 (NHRI-EX102-10256SI과 NHRI-EX103-10256SI).

C57BL / 6 야생형 마우스 국립 실험 동물 센터 (NLAC), 대만에서 구입 하였다. 모든 마우스는 사육 및 특정 병원균이없는 상태에서 유지되었다. 프로토콜 및 동물 사용 절차를 검토하고 의학의 국립 대만 대학의 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회 (허가 번호 : 20120075)에 의해 승인되었다. 또한, 연구진은 실험을 수행하는 동안 동물에 고통, 고통, 또는 고통의 가능성을 줄이기 위해 모든 노력을했다. 장갑을 착용하는 동안 설명하는 모든 절차는 실온에서 수행되었다. AC-6 피더 세포의 제조 (1) 주 : AC-6.21 (AC-6 짧은) (I. 와이즈맨, 스탠포드 대학에서 제공) 기질 세포 라인 (18)하는 것은 RPMI에서 유지되어야는 15 % 열 - 불 활성화 된 소 태아 혈청 (FBS)으로 보충. 피더 세포의 역할을하기 위해, AC-6 세포-γ 조사 3,000 방사선 (30Gy) 자신의 확산을 방지하기 위해 공동 문화 전에 일일와 있습니다. 참고 일그들의 통로 번호가 20 인 경우에 AC-6 세포는 유지 보수시 혼잡 방치하면 자신의 분화 지원 능력을 상실하는 경향이있다, 또는. <ol><li> 워시 AC-6 세포는 한 번에 1 ml의 둘 베코 인산염 완충 식염수 (DPBS)와 열망에 의해 DPBS를 제거합니다. AC-6 37 O C 3-5 분 동안 0.8 ml의 트립신 용액 (0.05 % 트립신 및 DPBS 0.5 mM의 EDTA), 그 다음 5 % CO 2와 함께 세포 배양 배지의 10 볼륨으로 희석하여 반응을 정지 치료 단일 세포 현탁액을합니다. </li><li> 5.9x10에서 종자 AC-6 세포는 4 세포 / 웰로 12 웰 플레이트와 5 %, 37 ℃로 배양 CO 2 O / N. 주 : AC-106 세포의 밀도가 CDC 생성을 선호한다 저밀도 매우 중요하다. 5.9x10의 밀도로 시드 아니라 AC-6 CLP를에서 올라가고의 유도를위한 최적 다음날에 의해 포화 상태에 도달 할 수 / 4 셀. </li><li> γ-조사 장치를 이용하여 3000 RAD (30 Gy의)에서 AC-6 세포를 조사. 노트: AC-6을 조사하는 데 사용되는 투여 량에서 세포 증식을 방지하고, 또 CLP를 행 수지상 분화에 필요한 사이토 카인과 세포 - 세포 접촉을 제공하기에 충분히 오래 생존 그들을 유지하기 위해 최적화된다. </li><li> 대기음 매체 (10 % 열 - 불 활성화 FBS, 50 μg의 / ㎖ 겐타 마이신과 50 μM의 β-머 캅토 에탄올로 RPMI) 완전한 RPMI 1 ㎖로 대체합니다. </li></ol> 마우스 2. 격리 BM 세포 <ol><li> CO 2 질식 자궁 전위에 의해 쥐를 희생. 해부 트레이에 마우스를 놓고 70 % 에탄올로 소독. 중반 복부에 절개를하고 하반신을 덮고있는 피부를 포함하여 마우스의 말단 부분에서 피부를 제거합니다. </li><li> 반 멸균 후드에서 쥐를 해부하다. 대퇴골과 경골을 해제하려면, 무릎 관절 아래 위의 대퇴골과 경골 클립. 가위를 사용하여 뼈에서 근육을 분리하고 RPMI을 완료 5 ㎖를 포함하는 6cm 페트리 접시에 뼈를 배치합니다. </li><li> 멸균 문화 후드로 이동합니다. 완전한 RPMI와 27G 바늘에 연결된 3 ML의 주사기를 채우십시오. 가위를 사용하여 뼈의 양쪽 끝을 잘라, 부드럽게 각각의 끝에서 완료되면 RPMI를 주입하여 뼈에서 골수를 플러시 27G 바늘을 삽입합니다. </li><li> 세포 상하 3-5 배 바늘없는 주사기를 사용하여 배양 접시에서 부드러운 피펫 팅에 의해 단일 ​​세포 현탁액을 제조. </li><li> 500 XG에서 5 분 동안 세포를 원심 분리기와 뜨는을 가만히 따르다. </li><li> 1 mL의 ACK 완충액 (150 mM의 CL NH 4, 10 mM의 KHCO 3, 0.1 mM의 EDTA) 1 분 동안 배양하고 완전 RPMI 10 부피로 희석하여 반응을 정지와를 Lyse 적혈구. 세포가 중력에 의해 죽은 세포 덩어리 및 조직 파편을 펠렛하기 위해 5 분간 방치한다. 참고 :이 때문에 가능한 세포의 정착에 세포가 손실 될 수로 이상 5 분을 서 있지 마십시오. </li><li> 새로운 튜브 떠나 파편에 천천히 캔트 세포 함유 뜨는원래 튜브 뒤에. </li><li> 다음, 세포 펠렛 제거하고 상층 액을 버린다 500 XG에서 5 분 동안 원심 분리기. </li><li> 총 BM 세포를 재현 탁 FACS 완충액 (1X PBS + 2 % FBS +를 1mM EDTA) 100 μL (전형적으로 4-6 X 107 BM 세포 한 마우스로부터 획득된다). </li></ol> 3. FACS 분석 및 CLP를의 정렬 <ol><li> 된 Fc 수용체를 차단하기 위해 1 ~ 2 분 동안 항 CD16 / 32 (하이 브리 도마 상층 액 10 클론 2.4G2, 50 μL / 반응 또는 1-2 μg의 / 반응) FACS 버퍼에 세포에 (단계 2.9)를 추가합니다. 주 : 안티 CD16 / 32 또한 과립구, 단핵구, 및 B 림프구를 비롯한 된 Fc 수용체를 발현하는 세포에 대한 항체의 비특이적 결합을 방지하기 위해 첨가 된 Fc 블록이라고 부른다. </li><li> 동시에 주변 광을 피하고, 얼음에 15 분 동안 (4 × 7 셀) 다음과 같은 형광 염료 표지 항체와 세포를 얼룩. 항체 : PE - 복합 혈통 마커 항 CD3 포함 (0.2 μg의 각) (17A2) 항 CD8 (53에서 6.7 사이), 항 B220 (RA3-6B2), 항 CD19 (eBio1D3), 항 -CD11b (M1 / 70), 안티 GR-1 (RB6-8C5), 안티 Thy1.1 (HIS51), 안티 NK1.1 (PK136), 안티 TER119 (TER-119), 및 안티 MHC-II (NIMR-4), 0.2 μg의 항 - C-KIT-를 PerCP-Cy5.5 (2B8), 1 μg의 안티 무서-1-FITC (D7), 0.4 μg의 안티 - M-CSFR-APC (AFS98), 0.2 μg의 항 IL-7Rα-PE-Cy7 (A7R34). </li><li> 500 X g에서 5 분 동안 3 ML의 외과 버퍼와 세포 및 원심 분리기를 씻으십시오. </li><li> 300 ㎕의 FACS에 세포가 40 μM 셀 스트레이너 버퍼 및 필터를 통해 세포를 재현 탁. </li><li> 남아있는 세포를 복구하고 동일한 셀 스트레이너를 사용하여 튜브를 정렬 멸균 외과로 필터링 추가 100 μL FACS 완충액으로 튜브를 씻으십시오. </li><li> 신호 검출에 대해 적절한 필터 및 전압을 사용하여 염색 후 즉시 유세포 분석을 수행한다. PE- 및 PE-Cy7-labelded 항체 및 633 nm의 라스를 검출하기 위해 561 nm의 레이저, FITC-, Cy5.5를 PerCP - 표지 된 항체를 검출하기 위해 488 nm의 레이저를 사용하여ER은 APC 표지 항체를 검출한다. </li><li> 씨 - 킷트 INT 무서 INT-1의 M-CSFR - - + IL-7Rα (단계 3.2에서 염색 등) 셀 소터를 사용하여 정렬 밖으로는 CLP를 다음 마커에 따른 LIN. 쿠션 완전 RPMI 8ml의 함유 15ml를 튜브에 세포를 수집 정렬. </li><li> 런의 ​​끝에서 셀 소터와 같이 분류 세포의 절대 수를 기록한다. 통상적으로, 5 × 4 CLP를 한 마우스로부터 BM을 얻을 수있다. </li></ol> 4. 공동 배양 CLP를 및 AC-6 <ol><li> 500 XG에서 10 분 동안 단계 3.7에서 분류 세포를 원심 분리하고 상층 액을 5 × 104 세포 / ㎖의 주위 세포 밀도를 얻기 위해 충분히 완전한 RPMI과 세포 펠렛을 재현 탁. 씨앗 500 세포 / 웰로 단계 1.4에서 준비 피더 세포를 포함하는 12 웰 플레이트. </li><li> 추가 100 NG FL 19 ㎖ / (후-Flt3L-IG는 M. 만츠, Universi 의해 제공 발현 시스템을 이용하여 내부에서 생성 된타이 병원 취리히, 스위스), 37 O C, 현미경 DC 개발의주기적인 영상 감시와 5 % CO 2에서 품어. 참고 : 시판되는 재조합 인간 또는 마우스 FL FL은 DC의 개발을 지원하기 위해 후 - Flt3L-IG 대용으로 사용될 수있다. </li><li> 12 일에 뜨는에서 세포를 수집하고 결과 상층 액을 결합 RPMI 배지를 완료 ㎖로 0.5 회 우물을 씻는다. 셀 스크레이퍼로 부착 세포를 0.5 ml의에게 신선한 매체를 추가하고 스크랩. </li><li> 500 x g에서 5 분 동안 세포 함유 배지에서 두 부분을 결합하고 원심. </li><li> 50 μL FACS 버퍼에 가만히 따르다 뜨는에 resuspend 세포. 50 μL 항 CD16 / 32 하이 브리 도마 뜨는 추가 된 Fc 수용체를 차단하는 1-2 분 동안 품어. </li><li> 열거하고 다음 항체 (0.05 μg의 각) 항 중 CD11c-APC (N418), 항 -CD11b-FITC 및 항 B220-PE 모든 세포를 염색. </li><li> 설명으로 세척하고 원심 분리기 세포단계 3.3에서 D. </li><li> 중 CD11c의 + 100 μL FACS 버퍼 게이트에서 세포를 재현 탁하고 CDCS (중 CD11c + CD11b를 + B220 -)에 대해 분석하고 올라가고 (중 CD11c + CD11b를 - B220의 +) (17). </li></ol>

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L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+type+I+IFN-Flt3+ligand+axis+augments+plasmacytoid+dendritic+cell+development+from+common+lymphoid+progenitors.">A type I IFN-Flt3 ligand axis augments plasmacytoid dendritic cell development from common lymphoid progenitors.</a> J. Exp. Med. 210, 2515-2522 (2013).</li><li>Whitlock, C. A., Tidmarsh, G. F., Muller-Sieburg, C., Weissman, I. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+marrow+stromal+cell+lines+with+lymphopoietic+activity+express+high+levels+of+a+pre-B+neoplasia-associated+molecule.">Bone marrow stromal cell lines with lymphopoietic activity express high levels of a pre-B neoplasia-associated molecule.</a> Cell. 48, 1009-1021 (1987).</li><li>Onai, N., Obata-Onai, A., Tussiwand, R., Lanzavecchia, A., Manz, M. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+the+Flt3+signal+transduction+cascade+rescues+and+enhances+type+I+interferon-producing+and+dendritic+cell+development.">Activation of the Flt3 signal transduction cascade rescues and enhances type I interferon-producing and dendritic cell development.</a> J. Exp. Med. 203, 227-238 (2006).</li><li>Szilvassy, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Leukemia+inhibitory+factor+upregulates+cytokine+expression+by+a+murine+stromal+cell+line+enabling+the+maintenance+of+highly+enriched+competitive+repopulating+stem+cells.">Leukemia inhibitory factor upregulates cytokine expression by a murine stromal cell line enabling the maintenance of highly enriched competitive repopulating stem cells.</a> Blood. 87, 4618-4628 (1996).</li><li>Arcanjo, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biochemical+characterization+of+heparan+sulfate+derived+from+murine+hemopoietic+stromal+cell+lines:+a+bone+marrow-derived+cell+line+S17+and+a+fetal+liver-derived+cell+line+AFT024.">Biochemical characterization of heparan sulfate derived from murine hemopoietic stromal cell lines: a bone marrow-derived cell line S17 and a fetal liver-derived cell line AFT024.</a> J. Cell. Biochem. 87, 160-172 (2002).</li><li>Onai, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+clonogenic+progenitor+with+prominent+plasmacytoid+dendritic+cell+developmental+potential.">A clonogenic progenitor with prominent plasmacytoid dendritic cell developmental potential.</a> Immunity. 38, 943-957 (2013).</li><li>Whitlock, C. A., Muller-Sieburg, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+B-lymphoid+cultures+from+murine+bone+marrow+establishment+and+cloning+by+using+stromal+cell+line+AC+6.21.">Long-term B-lymphoid cultures from murine bone marrow establishment and cloning by using stromal cell line AC 6.21.</a> Methods Mol. Biol. 75, 231-248 (1997).</li><li>Chen, Y. -. L., Chang, S., Chen, T. -. T., Lee, C. -. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+Generation+of+Plasmacytoid+Dendritic+Cell+from+Common+Lymphoid+Progenitors+by+Flt3+Ligand.">Efficient Generation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell from Common Lymphoid Progenitors by Flt3 Ligand.</a> PLoS ONE. 10 (8), e0135217 (2015).</li></ol>

Authors have nothing to disclose.

여기에서 우리는 CLP를 소수의에서, 특히 체외 배양 수지상의 강력한 생성을위한 시스템 및 올라가고을 설명합니다. 이 배양 시스템의 고유성은 피더로서 AC-106 세포, 간질 세포주의 이용에 기인한다. 이 방법은 예컨대 IL-7, SCF, M-CSF 및 FL 20뿐만 아니라 사이토 카인을 제공하기 위해 도시 한 내용뿐만 아니라, 필요한 세포 간 접촉 (21)은 DC 개발을 지원한다. AC-106 세포는 여러 ?...

수지상 세포 (DCS)는 면역 반응 1을 제어하는데 중요한 역할을 전문 항원 제시 세포이다. DC가 이종 있지만, 그들이 대체로 두 집단으로 분류 될 수 있고, 종래의 DC (CDCS) 및 형질 수지상 (PDCS) 2,3-. 림프 기관 외에 CDCS 및 PDCS 또한 폐, 소장, 피부 (2)를 포함한 조직에서 발견된다. CDCS 및 올라가고의 형태는 수상 돌기 모양의 돌기보다 형질 세포가 같은 것을 올라가고의 모양을 나타내는 CDCS으로 다르​​다. 또한, 일반적인 마우스 DC 마커, CD11c 양성은 더 높게 올라가고보다 CDCS에 표현된다. 올라가고 2보다 MHC 클래스 II의 높은 수준과 보조 자극 분자를 표현 둘 CD24 + CDCS, - CDCS와 CD11b를 - 또한, CDCS는 더는 CD11b + CD24로 나눌 수 있습니다. 성숙한 PDCS는 반면에, 선택적 Siglec-H 및 BST2 4를 발현하는 것으로 나타났다. 에프unctionally, CDCS는 올라가고보다 제시 세포보다 항원은; 그러나 올라가고 내가 바이러스 감염이나 염증 자극 5시 인터페론 유형의 광대 한 양을 생성 할 수 있습니다. 모두 CDCS 및 올라가고는 짧은 수명이며, 따라서 지속적으로 골수 (BM) 6,7 내 조상에서 보충해야합니다. 치명적-조사 된 마우스에 공통 골수 전구 세포 (CMP들) 및 일반 림프 조상 (CLP를)의 입양 전송 CDCS과 올라가고 양쪽 계통 8-10에서 생성 될 수 있음을 보여줍니다. 그러나, RAG1 / 2를 표현하고 고등학교의 궤적 (11, 12)에서 재 배열 DJ 세그먼트를 가지고 올라가고의 부분 집합이있다. 이 세포는 B220 마커의 발현, 핵산 감지 수용체 (TLR7 / TLR9) 및 전사 인자 (Spib 및 Bcl11a) (13)를 포함하는 B 림프구와 분자 유사성을 공유하고, 림프 혈통의 서명 될 것으로 모두가 있습니다. 따라서, CLPS 때문에 계보 유사성 올라가고의 체외 발생에 대한 좋은 선택 일 수있다. 인간 및 마우스 모두 CDCS 및 PDCS의 빈도가 매우 낮은 반면 6, 수지상 세포, 특히 CDCS는, (예를 GM-CSF 11,14 또는 FLT3 리간드와 같은 사이토 카인의 존재 BM 또는 전구 세포로부터 in vitro에서 생성 될 수있는 FL ) 공급 장치가없는 시스템 11,15,16를 사용하여. 불행하게도, 그러나, FL 11,15,16을 사용하여 시험 관내에서 PDC의 다수를 생성하는 것은 불가능하다. 이전에, 우리는 PDCS 효율적 AC-6 급전 시스템 (17)을 사용하여 시험 관내에서 CLP를 생성 할 수 있다는 것을 보여 주었다. 배양 시스템에서 AC-6 간질 세포주를 사용하는 장점은 세포 - 세포 접촉 CLP를 PDCS로부터 많은 수의 생성을 지원하는 사이토 카인의 분비를 제공한다는 것이다. 이 시스템으로 생산이 매우 강력하지만, 아래에 설명 된 절차에주의 복제 내가 필요합니다N 순서는 올라가고의 효율적 생성을 보장합니다.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse Ly6g/Ly6c (PE), clone RB6-8C5</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>108408</td>
			<td>linage marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse NK1.1 (PE), clone PK136</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>108708</td>
			<td>linage marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse&#160; CD11b (PE), cloneM1/70</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>101208</td>
			<td>linage marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD19 (PE), clone eBio1D3</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>115508</td>
			<td>linage marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse B220 (PE), clone RA3-6B2</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>103208</td>
			<td>linage marker/FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD3 (PE), clone 17A2</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>100308</td>
			<td>linage marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD8a (PE), clone 53-6.7</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>100707</td>
			<td>linage marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse MHC-II (PE), clone NIMR-4</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>107608</td>
			<td>linage marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse Ter119 (PE), clone TER-119</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>116208</td>
			<td>linage marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse Thy1.1 (PE), clone HIS51</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>12-0900-83</td>
			<td>linage marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse M-CSFR (APC), clone AFS98</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>135510</td>
			<td>FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse c-Kit (PerCP/Cy5.5), clone 2B8</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>105824</td>
			<td>FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse Sca-1 (FITC), clone D7</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>108106</td>
			<td>FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse IL-7Ra (PE/Cy7), clone A7R34</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>135014</td>
			<td>FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD11c (PerCP/Cy5.5), clone N418</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>117328</td>
			<td>FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD11b (FITC), clone M1/70</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>101206</td>
			<td>FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FACSAria III</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Cell sorter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FACS sorting tube&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>352054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FlowJo</td>
			<td>FlowJo LLC</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Flow analysis sofrware</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vitro generation of murine plasmacytoid dendritic cells from common lymphoid progenitors using the ac-6 feeder system

형질 수지상 세포 (올라가고은) 내가 감염 또는 염증 반응 동안 응답 활성화 (IFN-1) 생산 세포를 인터페론 강력한 유형입니다. 불행하게도, PDC 기능의 연구는 림프 기관에 낮은 주파수에 의해 방해하고, 체외 DC 생성을위한 기존의 방법은 주로 올라가고 이상 CDCS의 생산을 선호. 여기에 우리가 효율적으로 체외에서 일반적인 림프 전구 세포 (CLP를)에서 올라가고을 생성하는 독특한 접근 방식을 제시한다. 특히, 프로토콜은 골수로부터 CLP를 정화 및 FLT3 리간드의 존재하에 γ 조사 된 AC-6 피더 세포와 공동 배양함으로써 PDCS를 생성하는 방법을 자세히 설명했다. 이 문화 시스템의 고유 한 특징은 CLP를가 AC-6 세포 아래 마이그레이션 및 조약돌 영역 형성 세포, PDC의 확장을위한 중요한 단계가 될 것입니다. 형태 학적으로 별개의 수지상, 즉 올라가고 및 CDCS는 7 조성 후 약 2 주 생성 된최적 조건 하에서 0-90%의 PDCS. 일반적으로이 방법에 의해 생성 PDCS의 수는 대략 CLP를 시딩 수의 100 배이다. 따라서, 이것은 견고 이들 세포의 발달 및 기능에 추가 연구를 용이하게하기 위해 필요한 PDCS의 다수를 생성되는 신규 한 시스템이다.

4-6x10 7 BM 세포의 총 일반적으로 대퇴골 한 6 ~ 8 주령, 야생형 C57BL / 6 마우스의 경골에서 격리됩니다. CLP를 밖으로 정렬하려면, 총 BM 세포는 혈통 마커 (CD3, CD8, B220, CD19, CD11b를, GR-1, Thy1.1, NK1.1, TER119 및 MHC-II), 안티에 대한 PE - 복합 항체로 염색 -c-KIT-를 PerCP / Cy5.5, 안티 무서-1-FITC, 안티 - M-CSFR-APC 및 항 IL-7Rα-PE / Cy7는 분석하고 세포 분류기로 분류. CLP에 대한 선별 전략은 그림 1에...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System at JoVE.com

In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System

In this study we present an in vitro culture system that can efficiently generate pDCs by co-culturing common lymphoid progenitors with AC-6 feeder cells in the presence of Flt3 ligand.

AC-6 공급 시스템을 사용하여 일반 림프 전구 세포에서 쥐 형질 수지상 세포의 체외 세대

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are powerful type I interferon (IFN-I) producing cells that are activated in response to infection or during ...

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Immunology and Infection

In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System

8.3K 조회수.  National Taiwan University College of Medicine. In this study we present an in vitro culture system that can efficiently generate pDCs by co-culturing common lymphoid progenitors with AC-6 feeder cells in the presence of Flt3 ligand. 

비디오: In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System

Generation and Labeling of Murine Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells with Qdot Nanocrystals for Tracking Studies

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) found in peripheral tissues and in immunological organs such as thymus, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches 1-3. DCs present in peripheral tissues sample the organism for the presence of antigens, which they take up, process and present in their surface in the context of major histocompatibility molecules (MHC). Then, antigen-loaded DCs migrate to immunological organs where they present the processed antigen to T lymphocytes triggering specific immune responses. One way to evaluate the migratory capabilities of DCs is to label them with fluorescent dyes 4.
Herewith we demonstrate the use of Qdot fluorescent nanocrystals to label murine bone marrow-derived DC. The advantage of this labeling is that Qdot nanocrystals possess stable and long lasting fluorescence that make them ideal for detecting labeled cells in recovered tissues. To accomplish this, first cells will be recovered from murine bone marrows and cultured for 8 days in the presence of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor in order to induce DC differentiation. These cells will be then labeled with fluorescent Qdots by short in vitro incubation. Stained cells can be visualized with a fluorescent microscopy. Cells can be injected into experimental animals at this point or can be into mature cells upon in vitro incubation with inflammatory stimuli. In our hands, DC maturation did not determine loss of fluorescent signal nor does Qdot staining affect the biological properties of DCs. Upon injection, these cells can be identified in immune organs by fluorescent microscopy following typical dissection and fixation procedures.

Dendritic cells uptake antigens and migrate towards immune organs to present processed antigens to T cells. Qdot nanocrystal labeling provides a long-lasting and stable fluorescent signal. This allows tracking of dendritic cells to different organs by fluorescent microscopy.

추적 연구 Qdot Nanocrystals와 Murine 골수 파생 돌기 세포의 생성 및 라벨링

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) found in peripheral tissues and in immunological organs such as thymus, bone ...

연구

면역학 및 감염병학

Isolating And Immunostaining Lymphocytes and Dendritic Cells from Murine Peyer's Patches

Peyer's patches (PPs) are integral components of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and play a central role in intestinal immunosurveillance and homeostasis. Particulate antigens and microbes in the intestinal lumen are continuously sampled by PP M cells in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) and transported to an underlying network of dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and lymphocytes. In this article, we describe protocols in which murine PPs are (i) dissociated into single cell suspensions and subjected to flow cytometry and (ii) prepared for cryosectioning and immunostaining. For flow cytometry, PPs are mechanically dissociated and then filtered through 70 &mu;m membranes to generate single cell suspensions free of epithelial cells and large debris. Starting with 20-25 PPs (from four mice), this quick and reproducible method yields a population of &gt;2.5 x 106 cells with &gt;90% cell viability. For cryosectioning, freshly isolated PPs are immersed in Optimal Cutting Temperature (OCT) medium, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then sectioned using a cryomicrotome. Tissue sections (5-12 &mu;m) are air-dried, fixed with acetone or methanol, and then subjected to immunolabeling.

Isolating And Immunostaining Lymphocytes and Dendritic Cells from Murine Peyer&#039;s Patches

There is an increasing interest in understanding the immunological functions of specific subpopulations of cells in Peyer's patches (PPs), the primary inductive sites of gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Here we outline parallel protocols for preparing PP single cell preparations for flow cytometric analysis and PP cryosections for immunostaining.

림프구와 손쥐 Peyer의 패치에서 수지상 세포를 분리하고 Immunostaining

Peyer's  patches (PPs) are integral components of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues  (GALT) and play a central role in intestinal immunosurveillance and ...

Generation of a Novel Dendritic-cell Vaccine Using Melanoma and Squamous Cancer Stem Cells

We identified cancer stem cell (CSC)-enriched populations from murine melanoma D5 syngeneic to C57BL/6 mice and the squamous cancer SCC7 syngeneic to C3H mice using ALDEFLUOR/ALDH as a marker, and tested their immunogenicity using the cell lysate as a source of antigens to pulse dendritic cells (DCs). DCs pulsed with ALDHhigh CSC lysates induced significantly higher protective antitumor immunity than DCs pulsed with the lysates of unsorted whole tumor cell lysates in both models and in a lung metastasis setting and a s.c.&#160;tumor growth setting, respectively. This phenomenon was due to CSC vaccine-induced humoral as well as cellular anti-CSC responses. In particular, splenocytes isolated from the host subjected to CSC-DC vaccine produced significantly higher amount of IFN&#947; and GM-CSF than splenocytes isolated from the host subjected to unsorted tumor cell lysate pulsed-DC vaccine. These results support the efforts to develop an autologous CSC-based therapeutic vaccine for clinical use in an adjuvant setting.

Evaluated in syngeneic immunocompetent hosts, cancer stem cell (CSC) based dendritic cell (DC) vaccine demonstrated significantly higher antitumor immunity than traditional DC vaccines pulsed with heterogeneous bulk tumor cells.

흑색종과 편평상피암 줄기세포를 이용한 새로운 수지상 세포 백신의 생성

We identified cancer stem cell (CSC)-enriched populations from murine melanoma D5 syngeneic to C57BL/6 mice and the squamous cancer SCC7 syngeneic to C3H ...

Assessing the Development of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Peyer's Patches Using Adoptive Transfer of Hematopoietic Progenitors

This protocol details a method to analyze the ability of purified hematopoietic progenitors to generate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in intestinal Peyer&#39;s patch (PP). Common dendritic cell progenitors (CDPs, lin- c-kitlo CD115+ Flt3+) were purified from the bone marrow of C57BL6 mice by FACS and transferred to recipient mice that lack a significant pDC population in PP; in this case, Ifnar-/- mice were used as the transfer recipients. In some mice, overexpression of the dendritic cell growth factor Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) was enforced prior to adoptive transfer of CDPs, using hydrodynamic gene transfer (HGT) of Flt3L-encoding plasmid. Flt3L overexpression expands DC populations originating from transferred (or endogenous) hematopoietic progenitors. At 7-10 days after progenitor transfer, pDCs that arise from the adoptively transferred progenitors were distinguished from recipient cells on the basis of CD45 marker expression, with pDCs from transferred CDPs being CD45.1+ and recipients being CD45.2+. The ability of transferred CDPs to contribute to the pDC population in PP and to respond to Flt3L was evaluated by flow cytometry of PP single cell suspensions from recipient mice. This method may be used to test whether other progenitor populations are capable of generating PP pDCs. In addition, this approach could be used to examine the role of factors that are predicted to affect pDC development in PP, by transferring progenitor subsets with an appropriate knockdown, knockout or overexpression of the putative developmental factor and/or by manipulating circulating cytokines via HGT. This method may also allow analysis of how PP pDCs affect the frequency or function of other immune subsets in PPs. A unique feature of this method is the use of Ifnar-/- mice, which show severely depleted PP pDCs relative to wild type animals, thus allowing reconstitution of PP pDCs in the absence of confounding effects from lethal irradiation.

Assessing the Development of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Peyer&#039;s Patches Using Adoptive Transfer of Hematopoietic Progenitors

This protocol describes experimental procedures to assess the differentiation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in Peyer&#8217;s patch from common dendritic cell progenitors, using techniques involving FACS-mediated cell isolation, hydrodynamic gene transfer, and flow analysis of immune subsets in Peyer&#8217;s patch.

조혈 전구 세포의 입양 전송을 사용 Peyer의 패치에 쥐과 Plasmacytoid 수지상 세포의 개발을 평가

This protocol details a method to analyze the ability of purified hematopoietic progenitors to generate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in intestinal ...

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

HIV-1 innate sensing requires direct contact of infected CD4+ T cells with plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In order to study this process, the protocols described here use freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) to sense infections in either T cell line (MT4) or heterologous primary CD4+ T cells. In order to ensure proper sensing, it is essential that PBMC are isolated immediately after blood collection and that optimal percentage of infected T cells are used. Furthermore, multi-parametric flow cytometric staining can be used to confirm that PBMC samples contain the different cell lineages at physiological ratios. A number of controls can also be included to evaluate viability and functionality of pDCs. These include, the presence of specific surface markers, assessing cellular responses to known agonist of Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) pathways, and confirming a lack of spontaneous type-I interferon (IFN) production. In this system, freshly isolated PBMCs or pDCs are co-cultured with HIV-1 infected cells in 96 well plates for 18-22 hr. Supernatants from these co-cultures are then used to determine the levels of bioactive type-I IFNs by monitoring the activation of the ISGF3 pathway in HEK-Blue IFN-&#945;/&#946; cells. Prior and during co-culture conditions, target cells can be subjected to flow cytometric analysis to determine a number of parameters, including the percentage of infected cells, levels of specific surface markers, and differential killing of infected cells. Although, these protocols were initially developed to follow type-I IFN production, they could potentially be used to study other imuno-modulatory molecules released from pDCs and to gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms governing HIV-1 innate sensing.

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Unlike cell-free HIV-1 particles, infected CD4+ T cells are effectively sensed by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). This manuscript describes a method where peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or isolated pDCs are co-cultured with HIV-1 infected T cells to evaluate innate sensing by pDCs as assessed by release of type-I IFN.

HIV-1 감염 CD4의 타고난 감지 평가<sup&gt; +</sup&gt;를 사용하여 형질 수지상 세포에 의한 T 세포<em&gt; 예 생체 내</em&gt; 공동 문화 시스템.

HIV-1 innate sensing requires direct contact of infected CD4+ T cells with plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In order to study this process, the ...

Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes

Immune response results from a complex interplay between the antigen non-specific innate immune system and the antigen specific adaptive immune system. The immune system is a constant balance in maintaining tolerance to self-molecules and reacting rapidly to pathogens. Dendritic cells (DCs) are powerful professional antigen presenting cells that link the innate immune system to the adaptive immune system and balance the adaptive response between self and non-self. Depending on the maturation signals, immature dendritic cells can be selectively stimulated to differentiate into immunogenic or tolerogenic DCs. Immunogenic dendritic cells provide proliferation signals to antigen-specific T cells for clonal expansion; while tolerogenic dendritic cells regulate tolerance by antigen-specific T-cell deletion or clonal expansion of regulatory T-cells. Due to this unique property, dendritic cells are highly sought after as therapeutic agents for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Dendritic cells can be loaded with specific antigens in vitro and injected into the human body to mount a specific immune response both immunogenic and tolerogenic. This work presents a means to generate in vitro from monocytes, immature monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs), tolerogenic and mature moDCs that differ in surface marker expression, function and metabolic phenotypes.

Immature dendritic cells can be selectively differentiated into tolerogenic or mature dendritic cells to regulate the balance between immunity and tolerance. This work presents a means to generate from immature monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs), in vitro tolerogenic and mature moDCs that differ in metabolic phenotypes.

대사 표현형을 각기 다른 미성숙, 성숙 및 Tolerogenic 수지상 세포의 생성

Immune response results from a complex interplay between the antigen non-specific innate immune system and the antigen specific adaptive immune system. ...

Generation and Identification of GM-CSF Derived Alveolar-like Macrophages and Dendritic Cells From Mouse Bone Marrow

Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells found in tissues and lymphoid organs that play a key role in the defense against pathogens. However, they are difficult to isolate in sufficient numbers to study them in detail, therefore, in vitro models have been developed. In vitro cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells are well-established and valuable methods for immunological studies. Here, a method for culturing and identifying both DCs and macrophages from a single culture of primary mouse bone marrow cells using the cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is described. This protocol is based on the established procedure first developed by Lutz et al. in 1999 for bone marrow-derived DCs. The culture is heterogeneous, and MHCII and fluoresceinated hyaluronan (FL-HA) are used to distinguish macrophages from immature and mature DCs. These GM-CSF derived macrophages provide a convenient source of in vitro derived macrophages that closely resemble alveolar macrophages in both phenotype and function.

Bone marrow cells cultured with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) generate a heterogeneous culture containing macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). This method highlights using MHCII and hyaluronan (HA) binding to differentiate macrophages from the DCs in the GM-CSF culture. Macrophages in this culture have many similarities to alveolar macrophages.

마우스 골수에서 생성 및 GM-CSF의 식별 파생 폐포와 같은 대 식세포와 수지상 세포

Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells found in tissues and lymphoid organs that play a key role in the defense against pathogens. ...

Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Purification of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from the Mouse Bone Marrow

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a technique to purify specific cell populations based on phenotypes detected by flow cytometry. This method enables researchers to better understand the characteristics of a single cell population without the influence of other cells. Compared to other methods of cell enrichment, such as magnetic-activated cell sorting (MCS), FACS is more flexible and accurate for cell separation due to the ability of phenotype detection by flow cytometry. In addition, FACS is usually capable of separating multiple cell populations simultaneously, which improves the efficiency and diversity of experiments. Although FACS has some limitations, it has been broadly used to purify cells for functional studies in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Here we report a protocol using fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate a very rare population of immune cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), with high purity from the bone marrow of lupus-prone mice for in vitro functional studies of pDC.

We report a protocol using fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) with high purity from the bone marrow of lupus-prone mice for functional studies of pDC.

마우스 골수에서 형질 수지상 세포의 정화를위한 형광 활성화 셀 정렬

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a technique to purify specific cell populations based on phenotypes detected by flow cytometry. This method ...

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood

Dendritic cells (DCs) recognize foreign structures of different pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, via a variety of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed on their cell surface and thereby activate and regulate immunity. 
The major function of DCs is the induction of adaptive immunity in the lymph nodes by presenting antigens via MHC I and MHC II molecules to na&#239;ve T lymphocytes. Therefore, DCs have to migrate from the periphery to the lymph nodes after the recognition of pathogens at the sites of infection. For in vitro experiments or DC vaccination strategies, monocyte-derived DCs are routinely used. These cells show similarities in physiology, morphology, and function to conventional myeloid dendritic cells. They are generated by interleukin 4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulation of monocytes isolated from healthy donors. Here, we demonstrate how monocytes are isolated and stimulated from anti-coagulated human blood after peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) enrichment by density gradient centrifugation. Human monocytes are differentiated into immature DCs and are ready for experimental procedures in a non-clinical setting after 5 days of incubation.

Here, we demonstrate how monocytes are isolated by magnetic bead separation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells after density gradient centrifugation of human anti-coagulated blood. Following incubation for 5 days, human monocytes are differentiated into immature dendritic cells and are ready for experimental procedures in a non-clinical setting.

전혈로부터 인간 단핵구 유래 수지상 세포의 생성

Dendritic cells (DCs) recognize foreign structures of different pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, via a variety of pattern recognition ...

A Novel Feeder-free System for Mass Production of Murine Natural Killer Cells In Vitro

Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the innate immune system and are a first-line anti-cancer immune defense; however, they are suppressed in the tumor microenvironment and the underlying mechanism is still largely unknown. The lack of a consistent and reliable source of NK cells limits the research progress of NK cell immunity. Here, we report an in vitro system that can provide high quality and quantity of bone marrow-derived murine NK cells under a feeder-free condition. More importantly, we also demonstrate that siRNA-mediated gene silencing successfully inhibits the E4bp4-dependent NK cell maturation by using this system. Thus, this novel in vitro NK cell differentiating system is a biomaterial solution for immunity research.

A Novel Feeder-free System for Mass Production of Murine Natural Killer Cells In Vitro

Here, we present a protocol to mass-produce gene-silencing murine NK cells by using a feeder-free differentiation system for mechanistic study in vitro and in vivo.

소설 급지대 무료 시스템 대량 생산을 위한 생체 외에서 Murine 자연 킬러 세포의

Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the innate immune system and are a first-line anti-cancer immune defense; however, they are suppressed in the tumor ...