우리가 기꺼이 인정 하는 국가 주요 연구 및 중국 (2016YFB0600305), 국립 자연 과학 재단의 중국 (No. 21573031와 21373038), 프로그램의 기술과 과학의 사역의 개발 프로그램에 의해 제공 하는 금융 지원 대련 시 (2016RD09) 기술과 높은 교육 연구소의 홍콩에서 (대 SG1617105와 대 SG1617127)의 뛰어난 재능에 대 한

주의: 적절 한 처리 방법, 속성 및이 문서에서 설명 하는 화학 물질의 독성에 대 한 관련 물질 안전 데이터 시트 (MSDS)를 참조 하십시오. 사용 하는 화학 물질 중 일부는 독성 그리고 발암 성 및 특별 한 관심을 촬영 해야 합니다. 나노 재료 안전 위험 및 건강 효과 잠재적으로 포즈 수 있습니다. 흡입 및 피부 접촉은 피해 야 한다. 안전 예방 조치, 압력솥 원자로와 증기 두건 및 촉매 성능 평가에서 촉매 합성을 수행 하는 등 행사 해야 합니다. 개인 보호 장비를 착용 해야 합니다.
1. Ni0.97Nb0.03O 촉매 Nb:(Ni+Nb) 어 금 니 비율 0.03에 동등의 준비
<ol><li>니 오 븀 (V) 수 산 염 수화물의 0.161 g 2.821 g 볶음 바 장착 250 mL 3 센 둥근 바닥 플라스 크에 이온된 물 100 mL에 니켈 질산염의 결합.</li>
	<li>난방 자력을 사용 하 여 침전의 실종까지 화합물을 분해 하 50 rpm 및 70 ° C에서 용액을 저 어.</li>
	<li>2 ° C/min의 속도로 80 ° C를 급속 하 게 온도를 높인다.</li>
	<li>[수성 수산화 암모늄 (50 mL, 1.0 M) 및 수산화 나트륨 (50 mL, 0.2 M)] 혼합된 기본 솔루션에 추가 반응 혼합물 dropwise Ni/Nb 솔루션의 pH 9.0에 도달할 때까지.</li>
	<li>반응 혼합물을 교 반, 하는 동안 2 ° C/min에서 120 ° C에 온도를 높인다.</li>
	<li>솔루션의 녹색 색상의 완전 한 실종까지 120 ° C에서 50 rpm에서 반응 혼합물을 밤새 저 어.</li>
	<li>나머지 Ni2 + 와 솔루션에 Nb5 + 이온의 농도 평가 하 고 나머지 니켈의 완전 한 강 수를 보장 하는 솔루션에 대 한 유도 결합된 플라즈마 광 방출 분 광 분석 (ICP OES) 분석 수행 질 산입니다.</li>
	<li>Büchner 플라스 크를 사용 하 여 여과 하 여 고체를 수집 합니다. 2 L 이온된 물 잔류 나+ 양이온을 제거 하려면 20 분 이내에 반복적으로 추가 하 여 고체를 세척.</li>
	<li>시계 유리에 고체를 수집 합니다. 건조 오븐에서 12 h 110 ° C에서 고체를 건조.</li>
	<li>합성 공기 (20 mL/min O2 과 80 mL/min N2) 관으로 있는 5 h 450 ° C에서 고체를가 열 하 여 calcine. 반응의 높은 온도 사용 하 여 이전 결함에 대 한 모든 유리를 확인 하십시오.</li>
	<li>Calcination, 후 Ni0.97Nb0.03O 촉매의 1 g을 얻을. 안전 안경, 장갑, 랩 코트, 적절 한 보호 장비를 사용 하 고 잠재적인 안전 위험 및 건강 효과 나노 재료의 nanocrystal 반응을 수행 하는 후드를 연기.</li>
</ol>2. Ni0.92Nb0.08어디 Nb:(Ni+Nb) 어 금 니 비율 = 0.08 O 촉매의 준비
<ol><li>이 절차는 1 처음 두 단계를 제외 하 고 비슷합니다.<ol>
<li>0.43 g 이온된 물 100 mL에 이종 (V) 수 산 염 수화물의 분해.</li>
		<li>별도로, 2.675 g의 니켈 질 산 이온을 제거 된 물 100 mL에 녹.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>3. Ni0.85Nb0.15어디 Nb:(Ni+Nb) 어 금 니 비율 = 0.15 O 촉매의 준비
<ol><li>절차는 처음 두 단계를 제외한 1 비슷합니다.<ol>
<li>0.807 g 이온된 물 100 mL에 이종 (V) 수 산 염 수화물의 분해.</li>
		<li>별도로, 니켈 질 산 이온을 제거 된 물 100 ml에서의 2.472 g 분해.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>4. Ni0.80Nb0.20어디 Nb:(Ni+Nb) 어 금 니 비율 = 0.20 O 촉매의 준비
<ol><li>절차는 처음 두 단계를 제외한 1 비슷합니다.<ol>
<li>이온을 제거 된 물 100 mL에 이종 (V) 수 산 염 수화물의 1.076 g을 분해.</li>
		<li>별도로, 니켈 질 산 이온을 제거 된 물 100 ml에서의 2.326 g 분해.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>5. 화학 강 수 메서드를 사용 하 여 주의2O5 의 준비
<ol><li>Niobic 산 (Nb2O5·nH2O) 순수 Nb2O5 입자를 450 ° C에서 5 h에 대 한 합성 공기 calcine 참고: x-선 분말 회절 (XRD) 분석, 주의2O5·nH2O는 비정 그리고 주의2O5 결정을 사용 하 여 반응의 완료를 확인 합니다. 분석, 450 ° C에서 5 h calcination 반응을 완료 하기에 충분 했다.</li>
</ol>6. β-O-4 리그 닌 모형 화합물, 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-phenylethan-1-one의 합성
<ol><li>Bromoacetophenone (9.0 g, 45 mmol)와 2-methoxyphenol (6.6 g, 53 mmol) dimethylformamide (DMF)를 자력으로 500 mL 원뿔 플라스 크에 200 mL에 용 해. 적절 한 보호 장비 및 연기 후드를 사용 하 여 반응 부식성 발암 성 화학 물질 및 시 약을 사용 하 여 수행.</li>
	<li>수산화 칼륨 (3.0 g, 53 mmol)와 위의 DMF 솔루션을 혼합 하 고 하룻밤 자석 교 반기를 사용 하 여 실 온에서 50 rpm에 혼합물을 저 어.</li>
	<li>H2O의 200 mL 및 diethyl 에테르의 600 mL의 혼합 솔루션 제품을 추출 (1:3, v/v) 분리 깔때기를 사용 하 여. 솔루션의 위 diethyl 에테르 층을 가져옵니다.</li>
	<li>추가 MgSO4 (10 g) diethyl 에테르 솔루션의 수 분을 흡수 합니다. 필터 종이 깔때기를 사용 하 여 diethyl 에테르 솔루션을 얻기 위해 MgSO4 필터링.</li>
	<li>0.08 MPa 회전 증발 기를 사용 하 여 감소 압력 아래 diethyl 에테르 솔루션의 제거 후, 에탄올 5 mL에 잔류물을 디졸브.</li>
	<li>천천히 10 mL 비 커에 제품을 recrystallize 하는 에탄올 용 매 증발. 노란 분말 제품 (11.5 g)를 취득 하 고 제품의 수율은 90 %bromoacetophenone 따라. 1H NMR 분석, 1H NMR (DMSO): δ 3.78 (s, 3 H, 및3), 5.54 (s, 2 시간, 채널2), 6.82-8.01 (m, 9h, 향기로운) ppm. 17
</li>
</ol>7. 리그 닌 파생 방향족 에테르의 Hydrodeoxygenation
참고: 선택한 리그 닌 파생 방향족 에테르가이 실험에서 anisole 이며 촉매는 Ni0.92Nb0.08O. 사용 적절 한 보호 장비 및 발암 성 시 약을 사용 하 여 반응을 수행 하기 위해 증기 두건.
<ol><li>히터와 자기 활동가 50 mL 스테인리스 고압 반응 기를 장비.</li>
	<li>줄이고 Ni0.92Nb0.08O 촉매 (1 g) 2 h, 400 ° C에서 H2 분위기에서 고압 반응 기에서 2 단계에서 얻은 다음 아르곤 (50 mL/min) 촉매를 하룻밤 passivate.</li>
	<li>N-decane (20 mL) 양적 가스 크로마토그래피 (GC) 분석을 위한 내부 표준으로 n-dodecane (0.2928 g, 2 wt %)의 사용으로 anisole (1.1712 g, 8 wt %)를 분해.</li>
	<li>빠르게 공기 (< 5 분)와 함께 긴 노출 시간을 피하기 위해 고압 반응 기에 있는 감소 촉매 (0.1 g)를 소개 합니다.</li>
	<li>고압 반응 기 인감, 퍼지 H2 반복 (3 번, 3 MPa 압력에서) 공기, 그리고 분위기 압력에서 반응 혼합물을 제거 하.</li>
	<li>교 반 속도 700 rpm에서 설정 합니다.</li>
	<li>2 ° C/min에 160-210 ° C에서 원하는 온도에 열, 3 mpa 고압 반응 기 압력 및 0 시간 포인트 설정 (t = 0). 참고: 160-210 ° C의 온도 범위는이 보고서에서 적절 한.</li>
	<li>그 후, 즉시 실내 온도 10 ° C/min에 혼합물을 냉각 하 고 deoxygenated 제품 대량 선택적인 검출기 가스 착 색 인쇄기를 사용 하 여 분석. 17
</li>
	<li>리그 닌 모델 다음 방정식에 따르면 화합물의 변환을 확인 합니다. <img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/56987/56987eq1.jpg">
</li>
	<li>다음 방정식에 따라 제품 선택 도를 결정 합니다. <img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/56987/56987eq2.jpg">
</li>
</ol>

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Spectrosc. 130, 581-590 (2014).</li><li>Ertis, I. F., Boz, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+Characterization+of+Metal-Doped+(Ni,+Co,+Ce,+Sb)+CdS+Catalysts+and+Their+Use+in+Methylene+Blue+Degradation+under+Visible+Light+Irradiation.">Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Doped (Ni, Co, Ce, Sb) CdS Catalysts and Their Use in Methylene Blue Degradation under Visible Light Irradiation.</a> Modern Research in Catalysis. 6, 1-14 (2017).</li><li>Jin, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cleavage+of+Lignin-Derived+4-O-5+Aryl+Ethers+over+Nickel+Nanoparticles+Supported+on+Niobic+Acid-Activated+Carbon+Composites.">Cleavage of Lignin-Derived 4-O-5 Aryl Ethers over Nickel Nanoparticles Supported on Niobic Acid-Activated Carbon Composites.</a> Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 54 (8), 2302-2310 (2015).</li><li>Rojas, E., Delgado, J. J., Guerrero-P&#233;rez, M. O., Ba&#241;ares, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Performance+of+NiO+and+Ni-Nb-+O+Active+Phases+during+the+Ethane+Ammoxidation+into+Acetonitrile.">Performance of NiO and Ni-Nb- O Active Phases during the Ethane Ammoxidation into Acetonitrile.</a> Catal. Sci. Technol. 3 (12), 3173-3182 (2013).</li><li>Lee, S. -. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Raman+Spectroscopic+Studies+of+Ni-W+Oxide+Thin+Films.">Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Ni-W Oxide Thin Films.</a> Solid State Ionics. 140 (1), 135-139 (2001).</li><li>Mondal, A., Mukherjee, D., Adhikary, B., Ahmed, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cobalt+nanoparticles+as+recyclable+catalyst+for+aerobic+oxidation+of+alcohols+in+liquid+phase.">Cobalt nanoparticles as recyclable catalyst for aerobic oxidation of alcohols in liquid phase.</a> J. Nanopart. Res. 18 (5), 1-12 (2016).</li><li>Wang, K., Yang, L., Zhao, W., Cao, L., Sun, Z., Zhang, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+facile+synthesis+of+copper+nanoparticles+supported+on+an+ordered+mesoporous+polymer+as+an+efficient+and+stable+catalyst+for+solvent-free+sonogashira+coupling+Reactions.">A facile synthesis of copper nanoparticles supported on an ordered mesoporous polymer as an efficient and stable catalyst for solvent-free sonogashira coupling Reactions.</a> Green Chem. 19, 1949-1957 (2017).</li><li>Song, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-Selectivity+Electrochemical+Conversion+of+CO2+to+Ethanol+using+a+Copper+Nanoparticle/N-Doped+Graphene+Electrode.">High-Selectivity Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Ethanol using a Copper Nanoparticle/N-Doped Graphene Electrode.</a> Chemistry Select. 1, 6055-6061 (2016).</li></ol>

공개 하는 것이 없다.

니켈 첨가 대량 븀 산화물 나노 입자를 준비 하는 일반적인 방법 중 하나는 회전 증발 방법입니다. 9에 의해 회전 증발, 용 매의 느린 제거와 Ni-Nb-O 입자 상거래의 강 수의 과정에서 다양 한 압력 및 온도 조건을 채용 합니다. 회전 증발 방법을 달리이 연구에서 보고 된 화학 강 수 방법 증가 주의 나노 입자가의 제거를 요구 하지 않는 준비를 받고 있다. 전형적인 화학 강 수 방법이...

나노 복합 재료의 준비는 다양 한 분야에서 그들의 중요 한 응용 프로그램으로 인해 증가 관심을 받고 있다. 준비 하려면 Ni-Nb-O 혼합 산화물 나노 입자,1,2,3,4,,56 다른 방법 건조 혼합 방법,7, 같은 개발 되었습니다. 15 ,14 열 분해 방법,9,10,11,,1213 sol 젤 방법, 8 증발 방법 및 자동-연소입니다. 16 일반적인 증발 방법9, 금속 선구자의 적절 한 금액을 포함 하는 수성 솔루션 니켈 질 산 hexahydrate 및 암모늄 븀 oxalate가 열 되었다 70 ° c.에 용 매와 추가 건조와 calcination의 제거 후 혼합된 산화물 얻은 했다. 이러한 산화 촉매 전시 우수한 촉매 활동 및 NiO 격자에 이종 수의 설립에 의해 유도 된 전자 및 구조상 재배열에 관련 되어 탄의 산화 dehydrogenation (ODH)으로 선택 . 11 Nb의 삽입은 크게 탄12의 산화 반응에 대 한 책임은 electrophilic 산소 종을 감소 합니다. 결과적으로,이 방법의 확장의 다른 유형의 혼합된 Ni-나-O 산화물, 준비에 수행 되었습니다 어디 날 리, Mg, Al, Ga, Ti, Ta =. 13 금속 dopants의 변형 NiO의 비선택적 electrophilic 산소 급진 파를 변경할 수 있습니다, 따라서 체계적으로 조정 ODH 활동 및 탄 쪽으로 선택 발견 된다. 그러나, 일반적으로이 산화물의 표면적은 상대적으로 작은 확장된 단계 분리와 대형 주의2O5 정자의 형성 (< 100 m2/g), 따라서 다른 촉매에 그들의 사용을 방해 하 고 응용 프로그램입니다.
건조 방법, 일컬어 고체 연 삭 방법, 혼합 방법은 또 다른 일반적으로 사용 되 혼합 산화물 촉매를 준비 하. 촉매 재료 용 매 자유로운 방법으로 얻을 수 있습니다, 이후이 메서드는 혼합 산화물의 준비에 유망한 녹색과 지속 가능한 대안을 제공 합니다. 이 방법에 의해 얻은 가장 높은 표면적은 172 m2/g Ni80Nb calcination 온도 250 ° c에20 그러나 8 , 고체 방법이 아니다 신뢰할 수 있는 반응 원자 가늠 자에 잘 혼합 하지. 따라서, 화학 동질성 및 특정 입자 크기 분포 및 형태학의 더 나은 제어를 위한 다른 적당 한 방법으로 Ni-Nb-O 준비 하 혼합 산화물 나노 입자는 아직 발견 되 고. 7
나노 입자의 개발에 다양 한 전략, 중 화학 강 수는 금속 이온의 완전 한 강수량을 수 있기 때문에 nanocatalysts를 개발 하는 유망한 방법 중 하나로 제공 합니다. 또한, 높은 표면 영역의 나노 입자는 일반적으로이 메서드를 사용 하 여 준비 했다. Ni-Nb-O 나노 입자의 촉매 특성을 개선 하기 위해, 우리는 여기 화학 강 수 방법으로 일련의 높은 표면적과 Ni-Nb-O 혼합 산화물 촉매의 합성에 대 한 프로토콜을 보고 합니다. 우리는 Nb:Ni 어 금 니 비율 리그 닌에서 파생 된 유기 화합물의 hydrodeoxygenation으로 산화물의 촉매 활동을 결정 하는 중요 한 요소는 설명 했다. 0.087 위의 높은 Nb:Ni 비율, 비활성 NiNb2O6 종 형성 되었다. Ni0.92Nb0.08했다 가장 큰 표면 영역 (173 m2/g), 오 배 같은 nanosheets 구조를 전시 하 고 최고의 활동 및 선택 anisole cyclohexane 하의 hydrodeoxygenation으로 보였다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Niobium(V) oxalate hydrate, 98%</td><td>Alfa</td><td>L04481902</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nickel nitrate hexahydrate, 99%</td><td>Aladdin</td><td>N108891</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hydroxide, 98%</td><td>Aladdin</td><td>S111501</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium hydroxide, 23-25%</td><td>Aladdin</td><td>A112077</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anisole, 99%</td><td>Sinopharm</td><td>81001728</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Diphenyl ether, 98%</td><td>Aladdin</td><td>D110644</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phenol, 98%</td><td>Sinopharm</td><td>100153008</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-Methoxyphenol, 98%</td><td>Sinopharm</td><td>30114526</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vanillin, 99.5%</td><td>Sinopharm</td><td>69024316</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium hydroxide, AR</td><td>Aladdin</td><td>P112284</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>N,N-Dimethylformamide, 99.5%</td><td>Sinopharm</td><td>40016462</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-Bromoacetophenone,98%</td><td>Aladdin</td><td>B103328</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Diethyl ether,99.5%</td><td>Sinopharm</td><td>10009318</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Decane,98%</td><td>Aladdin</td><td>D105231</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dodecane,99%</td><td>Aladdin</td><td>D119697</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Niobic acid</td><td>CBMM</td><td>1313968</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heating and Drying Oven</td><td></td><td></td><td>DHG Series (shanghai jinghong laboratory instrument co. ltd)</td></tr><tr><td>Autoclave Reactor</td><td></td><td></td><td>CJF-0.05&amp;mdash;0.1L (Dalian Tongda Equipment Technology Development Co., Ltd)</td></tr><tr><td>Tube&amp;nbsp;furnace</td><td></td><td></td><td>SK2-1-10/12 (Luoyang Huaxulier Electric Stove Co., Ltd)</td></tr><tr><td>Heating magnetic stirrer</td><td></td><td></td><td>DF-101 (Yu Hua Instrument Co. Ltd.)</td></tr><tr><td>Rotary evaporator</td><td></td><td></td><td>RE-3000A (Shanghai Yarong Biochemical Instrument Factory)</td></tr><tr><td>Synthetic air</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrogen gas</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Argon gas</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

chemical precipitation method for the synthesis of nb2o5 modified bulk nickel catalysts with high specific surface area

NixNb1-xO 촉매 스폰지 같은 배 같은 nanostructures의 합성 하는 방법을 설명합니다. Nb:Ni 비율, NixNb1-xO 나노 입자와 다른 원자 작곡의 일련을 변화 하 여 (x = 0.03, 0.08 0.15 0.20) 화학 강 수에 의해 준비 되었다. 이 NixNb1-xO 촉매 x 선 회절, 엑스레이 광전자 분광학, 그리고 스캐닝 전자 현미경 검사 법에 의해 특징. 연구 결과 밝혀 Ni0.97Nb0.03O의 스폰지 같은 배와 같은 모양 및 Ni0.92Nb0.08O NiO 표면, 그리고 이러한 NixNb1-xO 촉매, 일괄와 비교의 더 큰 표면 영역에 NiO입니다. Ni0.92Nb0.08O 촉매에 대 한 173 m2/g의 최대 표면적을 얻을 수 있습니다. 또한, 합성된 Ni0.92Nb0.08O 촉매를 사용 하 여 리그 닌에서 파생 된 화합물의 촉매 hydroconversion 조사는.

X 선 회절 (XRD) 패턴 수소와 수소의 감소 온도 프로그램로 시작 하는 (그림 1 및 그림 2), 내기 표면 영역 (H2-TPR), 스캐닝 전자 현미경 (SEM)으로 에너지 흩어진 엑스레이 (EDX를 장착 ) 분석기, 엑스레이 광전자 분광학 (XPS) 나노 NiO, Ni-Nb-O 및 주의2O5 산화물17 (그림 3 및 <...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area at JoVE.com

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

스폰지 같은 배와 같은 Ni1 x화학 강 수에 의해 NbxO 나노 입자의 합성에 대 한 프로토콜 제공 됩니다.

Nb2O5 의 합성을 위한 화학 강 수 방법을 수정할 높은 특정 표면 영역으로 대량 니켈 촉매

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of ...

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Chemistry

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

11.8K 조회수.  Dalian University of Technology. 스폰지 같은 배와 같은 Ni1 x화학 강 수에 의해 NbxO 나노 입자의 합성에 대 한 프로토콜 제공 됩니다.

비디오: Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

Reverse Microemulsion-mediated Synthesis of Monometallic and Bimetallic Early Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Nanoparticles

A reverse microemulsion is used to encapsulate monometallic or bimetallic early transition metal oxide nanoparticles in microporous silica shells. The silica-encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles are then carburized in a methane/hydrogen atmosphere at temperatures over 800 &#176;C to form silica-encapsulated early transition metal carbide nanoparticles. During the carburization process, the silica shells prevent the sintering of adjacent carbide nanoparticles while also preventing the deposition of excess surface carbon. Alternatively, the silica-encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles can be nitridized in an ammonia atmosphere at temperatures over 800 &#176;C to form silica-encapsulated early transition metal nitride nanoparticles. By adjusting the reverse microemulsion parameters, the thickness of the silica shells, and the carburization/nitridation conditions, the transition metal carbide or nitride nanoparticles can be tuned to various sizes, compositions, and crystal phases. After carburization or nitridation, the silica shells are then removed using either a room-temperature aqueous ammonium bifluoride solution or a 0.1 to 0.5 M NaOH solution at 40-60 &#176;C. While the silica shells are dissolving, a high surface area support, such as carbon black, can be added to these solutions to obtain supported early transition metal carbide or nitride nanoparticles. If no high surface area support is added, then the nanoparticles can be stored as a nanodispersion or centrifuged to obtain a nanopowder.

A &#8220;removable ceramic coating method&#8221; is presented in visual format for the synthesis of non-sintered and metal-terminated monometallic and bimetallic early transition metal carbide and nitride nanoparticles with tunable sizes and crystal structures.

단본위제 및 바이메탈 조기 전이 금속 탄화물 및 질화물 나노 입자의 역 마이크로 에멀젼 매개 합성

A reverse microemulsion is used to encapsulate monometallic or bimetallic early transition metal oxide nanoparticles in microporous silica shells. The ...

연구

화학

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent

The aim of this work is to present a zero-waste process for storing CO2 in a stable and benign mineral form while producing zeolitic minerals with sufficient heavy metal adsorption capacity. To this end, blast furnace slag, a residue from iron-making, is utilized as the starting material. Calcium is selectively extracted from the slag by leaching with acetic acid (2 M CH3COOH) as the extraction agent. The filtered leachate is subsequently physico-chemically purified and then carbonated to form precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) of high purity (&lt;2 wt% non-calcium impurities, according to ICP-MS analysis). Sodium hydroxide is added to neutralize the regenerated acetate. The morphological properties of the resulting calcitic PCC are tuned for its potential application as a filler in papermaking. In parallel, the residual solids from the extraction stage are subjected to hydrothermal conversion in a caustic solution (2 M NaOH) that leads to the predominant formation of a particular zeolitic mineral phase (detected by XRD), namely analcime (NaAlSi2O6&#8729;H2O). Based on its ability to adsorb Ni2+, as reported from batch adsorption experiments and ICP-OES analysis, this product can potentially be used in wastewater treatment or for environmental remediation applications.

A protocol for the parallel production of precipitated calcium carbonate and zeolitic material from blast furnace slag via mineral carbonation and alkaline hydrothermal conversion, respectively, is presented. The performance of the zeolitic material towards nickel adsorption is tested.

고로 슬래그의 양방향 가치 증식 : 침전 된 탄산 칼슘과 제올라이트 중금속 흡착제의 합성

The aim of this work is to present a zero-waste process for storing CO2 in a stable and benign mineral form while producing zeolitic minerals with ...

공학

Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications

The rock material pentlandite with the composition Fe4.5Ni4.5S8 was synthesized via high temperature synthesis from the elements. The structure and composition of the material was characterized via powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), M&#246;ssbauer spectroscopy (MB), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Two preparation methods of pentlandite bulk electrodes are presented. In the first approach a piece of synthetic pentlandite rock is directly contacted via a wire ferrule. The second approach utilizes pentlandite pellets, pressed from finely ground powder, which is immobilized in a Teflon casing. Both electrodes, whilst being prepared by an additive-free method, reveal high durability during electrocatalytic conversions in comparison to common drop-coating methods. We herein showcase the striking performance of such electrodes to accomplish the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and present a standardized method to evaluate the electrocatalytic performance by electrochemical and gas chromatographic methods. Furthermore, we report stability tests via potentiostatic methods at an overpotential of 0.6 V to explore the material limitations of the electrodes during electrolysis under industrial relevant conditions.

A facile preparation method of electrodes using the bulk material Fe4.5Ni4.5S8 is presented. This method provides an alternative technique to conventional electrode fabrication and describes prerequisites for unconventional electrode materials including a straightforward electrocatalytic testing method.

전기 촉매 응용을위한 비 귀금속 벌크 전극 준비를위한 간단한 방법

The rock material pentlandite with the composition Fe4.5Ni4.5S8 was synthesized via high temperature synthesis from the elements. The structure and ...

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance

Platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) nanowires were developed as fuel cell electrocatalysts, and were optimized for the performance and durability in the oxygen reduction reaction. Spontaneous galvanic displacement was used to deposit Pt layers onto Ni nanowire substrates. The synthesis approach produced catalysts with high specific activities and high Pt surface areas. Hydrogen annealing improved Pt and Ni mixing and specific activity. Acid leaching was used to preferentially remove Ni near the nanowire surface, and oxygen annealing was used to stabilize near-surface Ni, improving durability and minimizing Ni dissolution. These protocols detail the optimization of each post-synthesis processing step, including hydrogen annealing to 250 &#176;C, exposure to 0.1 M nitric acid, and oxygen annealing to 175 &#176;C. Through these steps, Pt-Ni nanowires produced increased activities more than an order of magnitude than Pt nanoparticles, while offering significant durability improvements. The presented protocols are based on Pt-Ni systems in the development of fuel cell catalysts. These techniques have also been used for a variety of metal combinations, and can be applied to develop catalysts for a number of electrochemical processes.

&#160; The protocol describes the synthesis and electrochemical testing of platinum-nickel nanowires. Nanowires were synthesized by the galvanic displacement of a nickel nanowire template. Post-synthesis processing, including hydrogen annealing, acid leaching, and oxygen annealing were used to optimize nanowire performance and durability in the oxygen reduction reaction.

백 금-니켈 나노 와이어 및 산소 감소 성능 최적화의 합성

Platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) nanowires were developed as fuel cell electrocatalysts, and were optimized for the performance and durability in the oxygen ...

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

This protocol presents both the synthesis method of the Ni single atom catalyst, and the electrochemical testing of its catalytic activity and selectivity in aqueous CO2 reduction. Different from traditional metal nanocrystals, the synthesis of metal single atoms involves a matrix material that can confine those single atoms and prevent them from aggregation. We report an electrospinning and thermal annealing method to prepare Ni single atoms dispersed and coordinated in a graphene shell, as active centers for CO2 reduction to CO. During the synthesis, N dopants play a critical role in generating graphene vacancies to trap Ni atoms. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional atom probe tomography were employed to identify the single Ni atomic sites in graphene vacancies. Detailed setup of electrochemical CO2 reduction apparatus coupled with an on-line gas chromatography is also demonstrated. Compared to metallic Ni, Ni single atom catalyst exhibit dramatically improved CO2 reduction and suppressed H2 evolution side reaction.

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Here, we present a protocol for the synthesis and electrochemical testing of transition metal single atoms coordinated in graphene vacancies as active centers for selective carbon dioxide reduction to carbon monoxide in aqueous solutions.

합성 및 전기 화학적 CO2 감소를 위한 전이 금속 단일 원자 촉매의 성능 Characterizations

This protocol presents both the synthesis method of the Ni single atom catalyst, and the electrochemical testing of its catalytic activity and selectivity ...

A Continuous-flow Photocatalytic Reactor for the Precisely Controlled Deposition of Metallic Nanoparticles

In this work, a novel photocatalytic reactor for the pulsed and controlled excitation of the photocatalyst and the precise deposition of metallic nanoparticles is developed. Guidelines for the replication of the reactor and its operation are provided in detail. Three different composite systems (Pt/graphene, Pt/TiO2, and Au/TiO2) with monodisperse and uniformly distributed particles are produced by this reactor, and the photodeposition mechanism, as well as the synthesis optimization strategy, are discussed. The synthesis methods and their technical aspects are described comprehensively. The role of the ultraviolet (UV) dose (in each excitation pulse) on the photodeposition process is investigated and the optimum values for each composite system are provided.

For a continuous and scalable synthesis of noble-metal-based nanocomposites, a novel photocatalytic reactor is developed and its structure, operation principles, and product quality optimization strategies are described.

금속 나노 입자의 정확 하 게 제어 증 착에 대 한 연속 흐름 촉매 반응 기

In this work, a novel photocatalytic reactor for the pulsed and controlled excitation of the photocatalyst and the precise deposition of metallic ...

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

We herein present a method for the synthesis of HNbWO6, HNbMoO6, HTaWO6 solid acid nanosheet modified Pt/CNTs. By varying the weight of various solid acid nanosheets, a series of Pt/xHMNO6/CNTs with different solid acid compositions (x = 5, 20 wt%; M = Nb, Ta; N = Mo, W) have been prepared by carbon nanotube pretreatment, protonic exchange, solid acid exfoliation, aggregation and finally Pt particles impregnation. The Pt/xHMNO6/CNTs are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and NH3-temperature programmed desorption. The study revealed that HNbWO6 nanosheets were attached on CNTs, with some edges of the nanosheets being bent in shape. The acid strength of the supported Pt catalysts increases in the following order: Pt/CNTs &#60; Pt/5HNbWO6/CNTs &#60; Pt/20HNbMoO6/CNTs &#60; Pt/20HNbWO6/CNTs &#60; Pt/20HTaWO6/CNTs. In addition, the catalytic hydroconversion of lignin-derived model compound: diphenyl ether using the synthesized Pt/20HNbWO6 catalyst has been investigated.

A protocol for the synthesis of HNbWO6, HNbMoO6, HTaWO6 solid acid nanosheet modified Pt/CNTs is presented.

디페닐 에테르의 수산화를 위한 Pt/CNTs 촉매의 산도 튜닝

We herein present a method for the synthesis of HNbWO6, HNbMoO6, HTaWO6 solid acid nanosheet modified Pt/CNTs. By varying the weight of various solid acid ...

Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) can accelerate and control the selectivity of a variety of molecular transformations. This opens possibilities for the use of visible or near-IR light as a sustainable input to drive and control reactions when plasmonic nanoparticles supporting LSPR excitation in these ranges are employed as catalysts. Unfortunately, this is not the case for several catalytic metals such as palladium (Pd). One strategy to overcome this limitation is to employ bimetallic NPs containing plasmonic and catalytic metals. In this case, the LSPR excitation in the plasmonic metal can contribute to accelerate and control transformations driven by the catalytic component. The method reported herein focuses on the synthesis of bimetallic silver-palladium (Ag-Pd) NPs supported on ZrO2 (Ag-Pd/ZrO2) that acts as a plasmonic-catalytic system. The NPs were prepared by co-impregnation of corresponding metal precursors on the ZrO2 support followed by simultaneous reduction leading to the formation of bimetallic NPs directly on the ZrO2 support. The Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NPs were then used as plasmonic catalysts for the reduction of nitrobenzene under 425 nm illumination by LED lamps. Using gas chromatography (GC), the conversion and selectivity of the reduction reaction under the dark and light irradiation conditions can be monitored, demonstrating the enhanced catalytic performance and control over selectivity under LSPR excitation after alloying non-plasmonic Pd with plasmonic metal Ag. This technique can be adapted to a wide range of molecular transformations and NPs compositions, making it useful for the characterization of the plasmonic catalytic activity of different types of catalysis in terms of conversion and selectivity.

Presented here is a protocol for the synthesis of silver-palladium (Ag-Pd) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) supported on ZrO2 (Ag-Pd/ZrO2). This system allows for harvesting energy from visible light irradiation to accelerate and control molecular transformations. This is illustrated by nitrobenzene reduction under light irradiation catalyzed by Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NPs.

가시광선 조명 아래 플라스모닉 촉매용 실버 팔라듐 합금 나노 입자 의 준비

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) can accelerate and control the selectivity of a variety of molecular ...

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

A method for facile synthesis of nanostructured catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes with atomically dispersed cobalt and nitrogen dopant is presented herein. The novel strategy is based on a facile one-pot pyrolysis treatment of cobalt (II) acetylacetonate and nitrogen-rich organic precursors under Ar atmosphere at 800 &#176;C, resulting in the formation of Co- and N- co-doped carbon nanotube with earthworm-like morphology. The obtained catalyst was found to have a high density of defect sites, as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Here, cobalt (II) nanoparticles were stabilized on the atomically dispersed cobalt- and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. The catalyst was confirmed to be effective in the catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane, in which the turnover frequency was 5.87 mol H2&#183;molCo-1&#183;min-1, and the specific hydrogen generation rate was determined to be 2447 mL H2&#183;gCo-1&#183;min-1. A synergistic function between the Co nanoparticle and the doped carbon nanotubes was proposed for the first time in the catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane reaction under a mild condition. The resulting hydrogen production with its high energy density and minimal refueling time could be suitable for future development as energy sources for mobile and stationary applications such as road trucks and forklifts in transport and logistics.

Here, we present a protocol to synthesize Co nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes with Co- and N- dopants for hydrogen productions.

도핑 된 Co 및 N 원자를 갖는 탄소 나노 튜브에지지 된 금속 나노 입자의 합성 및 수소 생산에서의 촉매 응용

A method for facile synthesis of nanostructured catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes with atomically dispersed cobalt and nitrogen dopant is presented ...

Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets의 마이크로파 합성 및 특성화

Effect of Microwave Synthesis Conditions on the Structure of Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets

A protocol for rapid, microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nickel hydroxide nanosheets under mildly acidic conditions is presented, and the effect of reaction temperature and time on the material&#39;s structure is examined. All reaction conditions studied result in aggregates of layered &#945;-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets. The reaction temperature and time strongly influence the structure of the material and product yield. Synthesizing &#945;-Ni(OH)2 at higher temperatures increases the reaction yield, lowers the interlayer spacing, increases crystalline domain size, shifts the frequencies of interlayer anion vibrational modes, and lowers the pore diameter. Longer reaction times increase reaction yields and result in similar crystalline domain sizes. Monitoring the reaction pressure in situ shows that higher pressures are obtained at higher reaction temperatures. This microwave-assisted synthesis route provides a rapid, high-throughput, scalable process that can be applied to the synthesis and production of a variety of transition metal hydroxides used for numerous energy storage, catalysis, sensor, and other applications.

저자 스포트라이트: 수산화니켈 나노시트의 신속한 마이크로파 보조 열수 합성 

Nickel hydroxide nanosheets are synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal reaction. This protocol demonstrates that the reaction temperature and time used for microwave synthesis affects the reaction yield, crystal structure, and local coordination environment.

마이크로파 합성 조건이 수산화니켈 나노시트의 구조에 미치는 영향

A protocol for rapid, microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nickel hydroxide nanosheets under mildly acidic conditions is presented, and the effect ...

Nb₂O₅ 의 합성을 위한 화학 강 수 방법을 수정할 높은 특정 표면 영역으로 대량 니켈 촉매

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