<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>쥐에서 뇌허혈성 혼수를 유도하기 위한 단단계 수술

<ol>
	<li>Hou, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rhodiola+crenulata+alleviates+hypobaric+hypoxia-induced+brain+injury+by+maintaining+BBB+integrity+and+balancing+energy+metabolism+dysfunction.">Rhodiola crenulata alleviates hypobaric hypoxia-induced brain injury by maintaining BBB integrity and balancing energy metabolism dysfunction.</a> Phytomedicine. 128, 155529 (2024).</li><li>Rong, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+model+preparation+for+middle+cerebral+artery+occlusion+reperfusion.">A modified model preparation for middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion.</a> J Vis Exp. 207, e67060 (2024).</li><li>Hoesch, R. E., Koenig, M. A., Geocadin, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coma+after+global+ischemic+brain+injury:+Pathophysiology+and+emerging+therapies.">Coma after global ischemic brain injury: Pathophysiology and emerging therapies.</a> Crit Care Clin. 24 (1), 25-44 (2008).</li><li>You, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amplitude-integrated+electroencephalography+predicts+outcome+in+patients+with+coma+after+acute+brain+injury.">Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography predicts outcome in patients with coma after acute brain injury.</a> Neurosc Bull. 34 (4), 639-646 (2018).</li><li>He, F., Jiang, Y., Li, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+naloxone+treatment+on+opioidinduced+side+effects+A+meta-analysis+of+randomized+and+controlled+trails.">The effect of naloxone treatment on opioidinduced side effects A meta-analysis of randomized and controlled trails.</a> Medicine (United States). 95 (37), e4729 (2016).</li><li>Shukla, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Description+of+coma+and+coma+arousal+therapy+in+Caraka+Sahit&#257;+and+its+corollary+in+modern+medicine.">Description of coma and coma arousal therapy in Caraka Sahit&#257; and its corollary in modern medicine.</a> Neurol India. 65 (2), 250-252 (2017).</li><li>Cossu, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapeutic+options+to+enhance+coma+arousal+after+traumatic+brain+injury:+State+of+the+art+of+current+treatments+to+improve+coma+recovery.">Therapeutic options to enhance coma arousal after traumatic brain injury: State of the art of current treatments to improve coma recovery.</a> Brit J Neurosurg. 28 (2), 187-198 (2014).</li><li>Li, J., Cheng, Q., Liu, F. K., Huang, Z., Feng, S. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensory+stimulation+to+improve+arousal+in+comatose+patients+after+traumatic+brain+injury:+a+systematic+review+of+the+literature.">Sensory stimulation to improve arousal in comatose patients after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of the literature.</a> Neurol Sci. 41 (9), 2367-2376 (2020).</li><li>Pulsinelli, W. A., Levy, D. E., Duffy, T. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+blood+flow+in+the+four-vessel+occlusion+rat+model.">Cerebral blood flow in the four-vessel occlusion rat model.</a> Stroke. 14 (5), 832-834 (1983).</li><li>Pulsinelli, W. A., Brierley, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+model+of+bilateral+hemispheric+ischemia+in+the+unanesthetized+rat.">A new model of bilateral hemispheric ischemia in the unanesthetized rat.</a> Stroke. 10 (3), 267-272 (1979).</li><li>Plaschke, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pronounced+arterial+collateralization+was+induced+after+permanent+rat+cerebral+four-vessel+occlusion.+Relation+to+neuropathology+and+capillary+ultrastructure.">Pronounced arterial collateralization was induced after permanent rat cerebral four-vessel occlusion. Relation to neuropathology and capillary ultrastructure.</a> J Neural Transm. 110 (7), 719-732 (2003).</li><li>Sugio, K., Horigome, N., Sakaguchi, T., Goto, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+model+of+bilateral+hemispheric+ischemia-+modified+four-vessel+occlusion+in+rats:+To+the+editor.">A model of bilateral hemispheric ischemia- modified four-vessel occlusion in rats: To the editor.</a> Stroke. 19 (7), 922 (1988).</li><li>Sadelli, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+cerebral+ischemia+in+rats+leads+to+amnesia+due+to+selective+neuronal+death+followed+by+astroglial+scar+formation+in+the+CA1+layer.">Global cerebral ischemia in rats leads to amnesia due to selective neuronal death followed by astroglial scar formation in the CA1 layer.</a> Neurobiol Learn Mem. 141, 168-178 (2017).</li><li>Song, B. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione-based+small+molecule-induced+generation+of+mesenchymal+stem+cell-derived+functional+endothelial+cells+that+facilitate+rapid+endothelialization+after+vascular+injury.">1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione-based small molecule-induced generation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived functional endothelial cells that facilitate rapid endothelialization after vascular injury.</a> Stem Cell Res Ther. 6 (1), 174 (2015).</li><li>Sun, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+four+vessel+occlusion+model+of+global+cerebral+ischemia+in+rats.">A modified four vessel occlusion model of global cerebral ischemia in rats.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 352, 109090 (2021).</li><li>Xiaobing, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modifying+the+four+vessel+occlusion+to+establish+ischemic+brain+injury+coma+model+in+rats.">Modifying the four vessel occlusion to establish ischemic brain injury coma model in rats.</a> Sichuan Med J. 29 (4), 384-386 (2008).</li><li>Wang, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Levodopa+improves+cognitive+function+and+the+deficits+of+structural+synaptic+plasticity+in+hippocampus+induced+by+global+cerebral+ischemia/reperfusion+injury+in+rats.">Levodopa improves cognitive function and the deficits of structural synaptic plasticity in hippocampus induced by global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.</a> Front Neurosci. 14, 586321 (2020).</li><li>Zhan, L., Lu, X., Xu, W., Sun, W., Xu, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+MLKL-dependent+necroptosis+via+downregulating+interleukin-1R1+contributes+to+neuroprotection+of+hypoxic+preconditioning+in+transient+global+cerebral+ischemic+rats.">Inhibition of MLKL-dependent necroptosis via downregulating interleukin-1R1 contributes to neuroprotection of hypoxic preconditioning in transient global cerebral ischemic rats.</a> J Neuroinflammation. 18 (1), 97 (2021).</li><li>Konaka, K., Miyashita, K., Ishibashi-Ueda, H., Naritomi, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Severe+hyperthermia+caused+by+four-vessel+occlusion+of+main+cerebral+arteries.">Severe hyperthermia caused by four-vessel occlusion of main cerebral arteries.</a> Internal Med. 48 (24), 2137-2140 (2009).</li><li>Ferreira, E. D. F., Romanini, C. V., Mori, M. A., de Oliveira, R. M. W., Milani, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Middle-aged,+but+not+young,+rats+develop+cognitive+impairment+and+cortical+neurodegeneration+following+the+four-vessel+occlusion/internal+carotid+artery+model+of+chronic+cerebral+hypoperfusion.">Middle-aged, but not young, rats develop cognitive impairment and cortical neurodegeneration following the four-vessel occlusion/internal carotid artery model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.</a> Eur J Neurosci. 34 (7), 1131-1140 (2011).</li><li>Ma, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+effects+of+extract+of+Coeloglossum+viride+var.+bracteatum+on+ischemia-induced+neuronal+death+and+cognitive+impairment+in+rats.">Protective effects of extract of Coeloglossum viride var. bracteatum on ischemia-induced neuronal death and cognitive impairment in rats.</a> Behav Pharmacol. 19 (4), 325-333 (2008).</li><li>Song, Y. Y., Chen, Y. H., Li, J. F., Sun, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+animal+models+of+vascular+dementia.">A review of animal models of vascular dementia.</a> Chin J Comp Med. 33 (12), 75-85 (2023).</li><li>Liu, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autophagy+activation+aggravates+neuronal+injury+in+the+hippocampus+of+vascular+dementia+rats.">Autophagy activation aggravates neuronal injury in the hippocampus of vascular dementia rats.</a> Neural Regen Res. 9 (13), 1288-1296 (2014).</li><li>Li, J., Takeda, Y., Hirakawa, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Threshold+of+ischemic+depolarization+for+neuronal+injury+following+four-vessel+occlusion+in+the+rat+cortex.">Threshold of ischemic depolarization for neuronal injury following four-vessel occlusion in the rat cortex.</a> J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 12 (3), 247-254 (2000).</li><li>Rishitha, N., Muthuraman, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ameliorative+potential+of+thymoquinone+in+four+vessel+occlusion+induced+vascular+dementia+in+rats.">Ameliorative potential of thymoquinone in four vessel occlusion induced vascular dementia in rats.</a> Alzheimer Dement. 19 (S13), e71053 (2023).</li><li>Oruc, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+antioxidant+and+antiapoptotic+effects+of+crocin+pretreatment+on+global+cerebral+ischemia+reperfusion+injury+induced+by+four+vessels+occlusion+in+rats.">The antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of crocin pretreatment on global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury induced by four vessels occlusion in rats.</a> Life Sci. 154, 79-86 (2016).</li><li>Lu, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+method+to+reduce+variable+outcomes+in+a+rat+model+of+four-vessel+arterial+occlusion.">A modified method to reduce variable outcomes in a rat model of four-vessel arterial occlusion.</a> Neurol Res. 38 (12), 1102-1110 (2016).</li><li>Idt-Kastner, R. S., Paschen, W., Ophoff, B. G., Hossmann, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+four-vessel+occlusion+model+for+inducing+incomplete+forebrain+ischemia+in+rats.">A modified four-vessel occlusion model for inducing incomplete forebrain ischemia in rats.</a> Stroke. 20 (7), 938-946 (1989).</li><li>McBean, D. E., Kelly, P. A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rodent+models+of+global+cerebral+ischemia:+A+comparison+of+two-vessel+occlusion+and+four-vessel+occlusion.">Rodent models of global cerebral ischemia: A comparison of two-vessel occlusion and four-vessel occlusion.</a> Gen Pharmacol. 30 (4), 431-434 (1998).</li><li>Todd, N. V., Picozzi, P., Alan Crockard, H., Russell, A. R. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reperfusion+after+cerebral+ischemia:+Influence+of+duration+of+ischemia.">Reperfusion after cerebral ischemia: Influence of duration of ischemia.</a> Stroke. 17 (3), 460-466 (1986).</li><li>Toda, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+reproducible+rat+model+of+reversible+forebrain+ischemia+-+Modified+four-vessel+occlusion+model+and+its+metabolic+feature.">Highly reproducible rat model of reversible forebrain ischemia - Modified four-vessel occlusion model and its metabolic feature.</a> Acta Neurochir (Wien). 144 (12), 1297-1304 (2002).</li><li>Ma, R., Lu, D., Wang, J., Xie, Q., Guo, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+pharmacological+activity+and+safety+of+different+stereochemical+configurations+of+borneol:+L-borneol,+D-borneol,+and+synthetic+borneol.">Comparison of pharmacological activity and safety of different stereochemical configurations of borneol: L-borneol, D-borneol, and synthetic borneol.</a> Biomed Pharmacother. 164, 114668 (2023).</li><li>Ji, X. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Potential+targets+for+protecting+against+hippocampal+cell+apoptosis+after+transient+cerebral+ischemia-reperfusion+injury+in+aged+rats.">Potential targets for protecting against hippocampal cell apoptosis after transient cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in aged rats.</a> Neural Regen Res. 9 (11), 1122-1128 (2014).</li><li>Mart&#237;nez-Alonso, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+association+of+4E-BP2-interacting+proteins+is+related+to+selective+delayed+neuronal+death+after+ischemia.">Differential association of 4E-BP2-interacting proteins is related to selective delayed neuronal death after ischemia.</a> Int J Mol Sci. 22 (19), 10327 (2021).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>16 channel microfiber photoelectrode array</td>
			<td>Jiangsu Yige Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>2605</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-0 Surgical suture</td>
			<td>Nantong Holycon Medical Devices Co.,Ltd.</td>
			<td>B-104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-0 Surgical suture</td>
			<td>Ningbo MEDICAL Needle Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>JM1216-742417</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EEG electrode</td>
			<td>Kedou Brain machine Technology Co., LTD</td>
			<td>KD-EEGEMG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrocoagulation pen</td>
			<td>CONPUVON Company</td>
			<td>465</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lunion Stage Automatic Sleep Staging System</td>
			<td>Shanghai Lulian Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>1336</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Miniature hand-held skull drill</td>
			<td>Rayward Life Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>87001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin sodium</td>
			<td>Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>17121709-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SD rats</td>
			<td>SPF ( Beijing ) Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.</td>
			<td>180-220g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Skull nail</td>
			<td>GLOBALEBIO,LTD</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotaxic instrument</td>
			<td>Rayward Life Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>68801</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zoletil 50</td>
			<td>Vic Trading (Shanghai) Co., LTD</td>
			<td>BN 88SHA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

cerebral ischemic coma model induced by modified four-vessel occlusion

Ischemic brain injury is the most common brain injury in clinical practice, accounting for approximately 75% of cerebrovascular disease cases. Ischemia can lead to severe secondary brain injuries and diseases1,2, and coma is the most severe symptom caused by ischemic hypoxic brain injury. It is also the final pathway for many critical conditions3. Coma is a critical and severe illness in clinical practice that is difficult to manage4. The longer the coma lasts, the greater the potential danger. Prompt awakening is the primary goal in preventing the deterioration and progression of the condition. Although naloxone injection has a wide range of clinical applications in promoting wakefulness, it still has some side effects5. Therefore, the development of safe and effective wakefulness-promoting drugs is an urgent problem that needs to be addressed. Establishing a simple and easy-to-operate brain ischemic coma model is essential for elucidating the pathogenesis of ischemic coma and for drug development6,7,8.
The purpose of this study is to introduce a model of inducing global ischemic coma through electrocoagulation of bilateral vertebral arteries (VA) and temporary ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries (CCA), which is simple and user-friendly for novices. The previous protocol involved exposing the bilateral pterygoid foramen of the first posterior cervical vertebra during the first operation and electrically burning the pterygoid foramen to block the bilateral VAs. A second operation was performed 24 h later to induce total ischemic coma by ligation of the bilateral CCAs9,10,11,12. However, due to invisibility, there is a risk of incomplete electrocoagulation, bleeding, brainstem, and spinal cord injury, as well as a prolonged experimental period. Therefore, it is necessary to address these issues.
Here, we present an improved method for modeling ischemic coma. The main procedure involves making a median anterior neck incision, performing electrical resection of the bilateral VAs under visual conditions, and briefly ligating the bilateral CCAs during a single operation to block the blood supply to the entire brain, causing rapid electroencephalogram (EEG) inhibition and leading to coma. This method also induces a brief continuous coma after reperfusion. This procedure is easy to perform, novice-friendly, and reduces the risk of secondary trauma infection in animals, thereby shortening the experimental period.
The protocol is suitable for the study of global ischemic coma caused by cardiac arrest. It is also ideal for the study of ischemic dementia, mainly because the hippocampal brain area is extremely sensitive to ischemia; thus, transient cerebral ischemia can lead to damage or even loss of hippocampal neurons13, resulting in cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, the protocol can provide a reference for practitioners studying cerebral ischemia, ischemic coma, and ischemic dementia.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>저자 스포트라이트: Enhancing Cerebral Ischemia Research with a Simplified Rat Model (단순화된 쥐 모델로 뇌허혈 연구 강화)

수정된 4혈관 폐색에 의해 유도된 대뇌 허혈성 혼수 모델

The scope of this research is to introduce a model of global ischemic coma, induced by electrocoagulation of the vertebral artery and the temporary ligation of the common carotid artery simultaneously, which is simple and useful, friendly for novices. We present a improved method for the modeling ischemic coma. This procedure is easy to perform, novice-friendly, and reduce the risk of secondary trauma effects in animals, shortening the experimental period.Our protocol enable novice to learn the methods of global ischemic coma more quickly, contributing to exploration of a pathologic mechanism and the development of new drugs.

Coma caused by cerebral ischemia is the most serious complication of cerebral ischemia. Four-vessel occlusion can establish a cerebral ischemic coma model ...

cerebral-ischemic-coma-model-induced-by-modified-four-vessel-occlusion

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Cerebral Ischemic Coma Model Induced by Modified Four-Vessel Occlusion

297 조회수.  South China University of Technology. 이 연구의 범위는 척추 동맥의 전기 응고와 총경동맥의 임시 결찰에 의해 동시에 유도되는 전반적 허혈 혼수 모델을 소개하는 것인데, 이는 간단하고 유용하며 초보자에게 친숙합니다. 허혈성 혼수 모델링을 위한 개선된 방법을 제시합니다. 이 절차는 수행하기 쉽고 초보자에게 친숙하며 동물에 대한 2차 외상 효과의 위험을 줄여 실험 기간을 단축?...