Name: robot-assisted total mesorectal excision and lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer
Uploaded: 2022-02-12T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 12 min 45 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer at JoVE.com

This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81870380) and the Shaanxi Province Science Foundation (2020ZDLSF01-03 and 2020KWZ-020).

<ol>
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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Facility-level+analysis+of+robot+utilization+across+disciplines+in+the+National+Cancer+Database.">Facility-level analysis of robot utilization across disciplines in the National Cancer Database.</a> Journal of Robotic Surgery. 13 (2), 293-299 (2019).</li><li>Akiyoshi, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Results+of+a+japanese+nationwide+multi-institutional+study+on+lateral+pelvic+lymph+node+metastasis+in+low+rectal+cancer+is+it+regional+or+distant+disease.">Results of a japanese nationwide multi-institutional study on lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in low rectal cancer is it regional or distant disease.</a> Annals of Surgery. 255 (6), 1129-1134 (2012).</li><li>Fujita, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesorectal+excision+with+or+without+lateral+lymph+node+dissection+for+clinical+stage+II/III+lower+rectal+cancer+(JCOG0212):+A+multicenter,+randomized+controlled,+noninferiority+trial.">Mesorectal excision with or without lateral lymph node dissection for clinical stage II/III lower rectal cancer (JCOG0212): A multicenter, randomized controlled, noninferiority trial.</a> Annals of Surgery. 266 (2), 201-207 (2017).</li><li>Yamaguchi, T., Kinugasa, Y., Shiomi, A., Tomioka, H., Kagawa, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robotic-assisted+laparoscopic+versus+open+lateral+lymph+node+dissection+for+advanced+lower+rectal+cancer+(vol+30,+pg+721).">Robotic-assisted laparoscopic versus open lateral lymph node dissection for advanced lower rectal cancer (vol 30, pg 721).</a> Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques. 30 (2), 729 (2016).</li><li>Yamaguchi, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oncological+outcomes+of+robotic-assisted+laparoscopic+versus+open+lateral+lymph+node+dissection+for+locally+advanced+low+rectal+cancer.">Oncological outcomes of robotic-assisted laparoscopic versus open lateral lymph node dissection for locally advanced low rectal cancer.</a> Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques. 32 (11), 4498-4505 (2018).</li><li>Gustafsson, U. 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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+approach+to+rectal+cancer.">A new approach to rectal cancer.</a> British Journal of Hospital Medication. 22 (3), 277-281 (1979).</li><li>Jiang, T. Y., Ma, J. J., Zheng, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controversies+and+consensus+in+transanal+total+mesorectal+excision+(taTME):+Is+it+a+valid+choice+for+rectal+cancer.">Controversies and consensus in transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME): Is it a valid choice for rectal cancer.</a> Journal of Surgical Oncology. 123, 59-64 (2021).</li><li>Di Saverio, S., Stupalkowska, W., Hussein, A., Fearnhead, N., Wheeler, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+ultralow+anterior+resection+with+intracorporeal+coloanal+stapled+anastomosis+for+low+rectal+cancer+-+is+robotic+surgery+or+transanal+total+mesorectal+excision+always+needed+to+achieve+a+good+oncological+and+sphincter-sparing+dissection+-+a+video+vignette.">Laparoscopic ultralow anterior resection with intracorporeal coloanal stapled anastomosis for low rectal cancer - is robotic surgery or transanal total mesorectal excision always needed to achieve a good oncological and sphincter-sparing dissection - a video vignette.</a> Colorectal Diseases. 21 (7), 848-849 (2019).</li><li>Sylla, P., Rattner, D. W., Delgado, S., Lacy, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NOTES+transanal+rectal+cancer+resection+using+transanal+endoscopic+microsurgery+and+laparoscopic+assistance.">NOTES transanal rectal cancer resection using transanal endoscopic microsurgery and laparoscopic assistance.</a> Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques. 24 (5), 1205-1210 (2010).</li><li>Larsen, S. G., Pfeffer, F., Korner, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Norwegian+moratorium+on+transanal+total+mesorectal+excision.">Norwegian moratorium on transanal total mesorectal excision.</a> British Journal of Surgery. 106 (9), 1120-1121 (2019).</li><li>Koedam, T. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transanal+total+mesorectal+excision+(TaTME)+for+rectal+cancer:+effects+on+patient-reported+quality+of+life+and+functional+outcome.">Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) for rectal cancer: effects on patient-reported quality of life and functional outcome.</a> Techniques in Coloproctology. 21 (1), 25-33 (2017).</li><li>Baik, S. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robotic+total+mesorectal+excision+for+the+treatment+of+rectal+cancer.">Robotic total mesorectal excision for the treatment of rectal cancer.</a> Journal of Robotic Surgery. 1 (1), 99-102 (2007).</li><li>Gavriilidis, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robotic+vs+laparoscopic+total+mesorectal+excision+for+rectal+cancers:+has+a+paradigm+change+occurred?+A+systematic+review+by+updated+meta-analysis.">Robotic vs laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancers: has a paradigm change occurred? A systematic review by updated meta-analysis.</a> Colorectal Diseases. 22 (11), 1506-1517 (2020).</li><li>Prete, F. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robotic+versus+laparoscopic+minimally+invasive+surgery+for+rectal+cancer:+A+Systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+randomized+controlled+trials.">Robotic versus laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer: A Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.</a> Annals of Surgery. 267 (6), 1034-1046 (2018).</li><li>Qiu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+oncological+outcomes+in+robotic+versus+laparoscopic+approach+for+rectal+cancer:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Long-term oncological outcomes in robotic versus laparoscopic approach for rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> International Journal of Surgery. 80, 225-230 (2020).</li><li>Kapiteijn, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preoperative+radiotherapy+combined+with+total+mesorectal+excision+for+resectable+rectal+cancer.">Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer.</a> New England Journal of Medicine. 345 (9), 638-646 (2001).</li><li>Ogura, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neoadjuvant+(Chemo)radiotherapy+with+total+mesorectal+excision+only+is+not+sufficient+to+prevent+lateral+local+recurrence+in+enlarged+nodes:+Results+of+the+multicenter+lateral+node+study+of+patients+with+low+cT3/4+rectal+cancer.">Neoadjuvant (Chemo)radiotherapy with total mesorectal excision only is not sufficient to prevent lateral local recurrence in enlarged nodes: Results of the multicenter lateral node study of patients with low cT3/4 rectal cancer.</a> Journal of Clinical Oncology. 37 (1), 33-43 (2019).</li><li>Emile, S. H., Elfeki, H., Shalaby, M., Sakr, A., Kim, N. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Outcome+of+lateral+pelvic+lymph+node+dissection+with+total+mesorectal+excision+in+treatment+of+rectal+cancer:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Outcome of lateral pelvic lymph node dissection with total mesorectal excision in treatment of rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Surgery. 169 (5), 1005-1015 (2021).</li><li>Hajibandeh, S., Hajibandeh, S., Matthews, J., Palmer, L., Maw, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Meta-analysis+of+survival+and+functional+outcomes+after+total+mesorectal+excision+with+or+without+lateral+pelvic+lymph+node+dissection+in+rectal+cancer+surgery.">Meta-analysis of survival and functional outcomes after total mesorectal excision with or without lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in rectal cancer surgery.</a> Surgery. 168 (3), 486-496 (2020).</li><li>Laparoscopic surgery committee of the endoscopist branch in the chinese medical doctor, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+surgery+committee+of+colorectal+cancer+committee+of+chinese+medical+doctor,+A.+and+Colorectal+surgery+group+of+the+surgery+branch+in+the+chinese+medical,+A.+[Chinese+expert+consensus+on+the+diagnosis+and+treatment+for+lateral+lymph+node+metastasis+of+rectal+cancer+(2019+edition)].">Laparoscopic surgery committee of colorectal cancer committee of chinese medical doctor, A. and Colorectal surgery group of the surgery branch in the chinese medical, A. [Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment for lateral lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer (2019 edition)].</a> Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 22 (10), 901-912 (2019).</li><li>Podda, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multidisciplinary+management+of+elderly+patients+with+rectal+cancer:+recommendations+from+the+SICG+(Italian+Society+of+Geriatric+Surgery),+SIFIPAC+(Italian+Society+of+Surgical+Pathophysiology),+SICE+(Italian+Society+of+Endoscopic+Surgery+and+new+technologies),+and+the+WSES+(World+Society+of+Emergency+Surgery)+International+Consensus+Project.">Multidisciplinary management of elderly patients with rectal cancer: recommendations from the SICG (Italian Society of Geriatric Surgery), SIFIPAC (Italian Society of Surgical Pathophysiology), SICE (Italian Society of Endoscopic Surgery and new technologies), and the WSES (World Society of Emergency Surgery) International Consensus Project.</a> World Journal of Emergency Surgery. 16 (1), 35 (2021).</li><li>Fung, T. L. D., Tsukada, Y., Ito, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Essential+anatomy+for+total+mesorectal+excision+and+lateral+lymph+node+dissection,+in+both+trans-abdominal+and+trans-anal+perspective.">Essential anatomy for total mesorectal excision and lateral lymph node dissection, in both trans-abdominal and trans-anal perspective.</a> Surgeon. , (2020).</li></ol>

Nothing to disclose.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide13. Among them, more than a third are rectal cancer. Due to the higher postoperative functional requirement and the sophisticated neuro- and fascial anatomy of the pelvis and perineum, the best surgical approach for rectal cancer, especially low or ultralow rectal cancer, is still under great debate. Since its first report in 1979, total mesorectal excision (TME) has been the standard surgical technique for the treatment of resecta...

Since their approval for clinical use by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2000, da Vinci surgical robots have been increasingly utilized across different surgical specialties1. The robotic surgical system has the advantages of using flexible multijoint arms, a high-quality three-dimensional camera, tremor filtration, and greatly improved ergonomics, which can minimize the invasiveness of the operation and thus making it ideal for complex procedures.
For decades, total mesorectal excision (TME) has been the standard for the treatment of resectable rectal cancer. However, for advanced (T3/T4) rectal cancer located below the peritoneal reflection, lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN) metastasis is a major cause of local recurrence after surgery2. Clinical evidence clearly shows that lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) could significantly reduce the local recurrence rate3. Compared with the open procedure, robot-assisted TME and LPLND have been associated with less blood loss, fewer blood transfusions and fewer postoperative complications4. In addition, the long-term outcomes are not significantly different between the two procedures5. The results of these reports indicate that robot-assisted LPLND may be a feasible modality for locally advanced rectal cancer. However, it should be noted that robot-assisted TME and LPLND are complex procedures and should be performed by an experienced surgeon.
Herein, a standard systematic approach to robot-assisted TME and LPLND is described step by step. This procedure was developed at the center having experience in performing more than three thousand robotic procedures6. In addition, this approach was based on normal anatomical characteristics; rare anatomical variations should be noted.
We present the case of a 64-year-old male patient who had intermittent hematochezia for approximately 3 months. Digital rectal examination revealed that a mass was located on the anterior and right lateral wall of the rectum, 5 cm from the anus. An enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) revealed lower rectal cancer with internal iliac lymph node metastasis. Colonoscopic biopsy confirmed the presence of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The preoperative evaluation suggested that the clinical stage was cT3N+M0. Accordingly, we decided to perform robot-assisted TME and LPLND. Patient consent was obtained prior to performing these procedures.

<table><tbody><tr><td>0 Silk suture</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>Secure the anvil</td></tr><tr><td>12mm Trocar</td><td>Medtronic (Minneapolis, MN)</td><td>NONB12STF</td><td>Assistant port 1</td></tr><tr><td>19 Fr drain</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>Pelvic drain</td></tr><tr><td>2-0 Silk suture</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>Close skin incisions</td></tr><tr><td>2-0 V-Loc sutures</td><td>Covidien (Dublin, Ireland)</td><td>VLOCL0315</td><td>Barbed Absorable Suture</td></tr><tr><td>4-0 PDS</td><td>Ethicon (Somerville, NJ)</td><td>SXPP1A400</td><td>Synthetic Absorbable Suture</td></tr><tr><td>8mm Trocar</td><td>Medtronic (Minneapolis, MN)</td><td>NONB8STF</td><td>Assistant port 2</td></tr><tr><td>Bipolar forceps</td><td>Intuitive (Sunnyvale, CA)</td><td>470172</td><td>Operation</td></tr><tr><td>Cadiere grasping forceps</td><td>Intuitive (Sunnyvale, CA)</td><td>470049</td><td>Operation</td></tr><tr><td>Circular stapler</td><td>EzisurgMed (Shanghai, China)</td><td>CS2535</td><td>Laparoscopic Surgical Stapler</td></tr><tr><td>Da Vinci Si</td><td>Intuitive (Sunnyvale, CA)</td><td>N/A</td><td>Surgical Robot</td></tr><tr><td>Da Vinci Xi</td><td>Intuitive (Sunnyvale, CA)</td><td>N/A</td><td>Surgical Robot</td></tr><tr><td>Hem-o-lok ligation clip</td><td>Weck (Morrisville, NC)</td><td>544995</td><td>Ligation of vessel</td></tr><tr><td>Laparoscopic single use linear cutting stapler</td><td>EzisurgMed (Shanghai, China)</td><td>U12M45</td><td>Laparoscopic Surgical Stapler</td></tr><tr><td>Large needle driver</td><td>Intuitive (Sunnyvale, CA)</td><td>470006</td><td>Operation</td></tr><tr><td>Monopolar scissors</td><td>Intuitive (Sunnyvale, CA)</td><td>470179</td><td>Operation</td></tr><tr><td>Ribbon retractor</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>Control movement of rectum</td></tr><tr><td>Specimen Bags</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>Extract specimen</td></tr><tr><td>Veress needle</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>Saline drop test</td></tr></tbody></table>

robot-assisted total mesorectal excision and lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer

Since their approval for clinical use, da Vinci surgical robots have shown great advantages in gastrointestinal surgical operations, especially in complex procedures. The high-quality 3-D visual, multijoint arm and natural tremor filtration allow the surgeon to expose and dissect more accurately with minimal invasion. Total mesorectal excision is the standard surgical technique for the treatment of resectable rectal cancer. To reduce the lateral recurrence rate, lateral pelvic lymph node dissection can be performed, as it is a safe and feasible procedure for locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer with a high possibility of metastasis to the lateral lymph nodes. However, the complexity of the anatomic structures and the high postoperative complication rate limit its application. Recently, several surgeons have increasingly used robotic techniques for total mesorectal excision and lateral pelvic lymph node dissection. Compared with open and laparoscopic surgery, the robotic technique has several advantages, such as less blood loss, fewer blood transfusions, minimal trauma, shorter postoperative hospitalization, and quicker recovery. A robotic approach is generally regarded as a reasonable alternative for complicated procedures such as lateral pelvic lymph node dissection, although there are a limited number of high-quality prospective randomized controlled studies reporting direct evidence. Here, we provide the detailed steps of robot-assisted total mesorectal excision and lateral pelvic lymph node dissection performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi&#39;an Jiaotong University.

The detailed perioperative information of the case presented in the video is shown in Table 1 and Figure 3. The procedure was performed in April 2019 by the corresponding author using the da Vinci Si Robot system. The estimated blood loss during the operation was 90 mL, and no transfusions were required. Postoperative management adhered to the principles of ERAS. After the first defecation on the 6th day after the operation, we administered a meglumine diatrizoate enema and ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer at JoVE.com

Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer

The robotic technique described herein aims to detail a stepwise approach to robot-assisted total mesorectal excision and lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for locally advanced (T3/T4) rectal cancer located below the peritoneal reflection.

Since their approval for clinical use, da Vinci surgical robots have shown great advantages in gastrointestinal surgical operations, especially in complex ...

robot-assisted-total-mesorectal-excision-lateral-pelvic-lymph-node

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

5.5K Views.  The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University. De robottechniek die hierin wordt beschreven, is gericht op het beschrijven van een stapsgewijze benadering van robot-geassisteerde totale mesorectale excisie en laterale bekkenlymfeklierdissectie voor lokaal gevorderde rectale kanker onder de peritoneale reflectie. Dit protocol voldoet aan de richtlijnen van de ethische commissie van het First Affiliated Hospital van de Xi'an Jiaotong University. We presenteren het geval van een 64-jarige mannelijke patiënt die gedurende ongeveer drie maand...

Video: Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer

Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology

The prognosis in virtually all solid tumors depends on the presence or absence of lymph node metastases.1-3 Surgical treatment most often combines radical excision of the tumor with a full lymphadenectomy in the drainage area of the tumor. However, removal of lymph nodes is associated with increased morbidity due to infection, wound breakdown and lymphedema.4,5 As an alternative, the sentinel lymph node procedure (SLN) was developed several decades ago to detect the first draining lymph node from the tumor.6 In case of lymphogenic dissemination, the SLN is the first lymph node that is affected (Figure 1). Hence, if the SLN does not contain metastases, downstream lymph nodes will also be free from tumor metastases and need not to be removed. The SLN procedure is part of the treatment for many tumor types, like breast cancer and melanoma, but also for cancer of the vulva and cervix.7 The current standard methodology for SLN-detection is by peritumoral injection of radiocolloid one day prior to surgery, and a colored dye intraoperatively. Disadvantages of the procedure in cervical and vulvar cancer are multiple injections in the genital area, leading to increased psychological distress for the patient, and the use of radioactive colloid.
Multispectral fluorescence imaging is an emerging imaging modality that can be applied intraoperatively without the need for injection of radiocolloid. For intraoperative fluorescence imaging, two components are needed: a fluorescent agent and a quantitative optical system for intraoperative imaging. As a fluorophore we have used indocyanine green (ICG). ICG has been used for many decades to assess cardiac function, cerebral perfusion and liver perfusion.8 It is an inert drug with a safe pharmaco-biological profile. When excited at around 750 nm, it emits light in the near-infrared spectrum around 800 nm. A custom-made multispectral fluorescence imaging camera system was used.9.
The aim of this video article is to demonstrate the detection of the SLN using intraoperative fluorescence imaging in patients with cervical and vulvar cancer. Fluorescence imaging is used in conjunction with the standard procedure, consisting of radiocolloid and a blue dye. In the future, intraoperative fluorescence imaging might replace the current method and is also easily transferable to other indications like breast cancer and melanoma.

Fluorescence imaging is a promising innovative modality for image-guided surgery in surgical oncology. In this video we describe the technical procedure for detection of the sentinel lymph node using fluorescence imaging as showcased in gynecologic oncologicy. A multispectral fluorescence camera system, together with the fluorescent agent indocyanine green, is applied.

The prognosis in virtually all solid tumors depends on the presence or absence of lymph node metastases.1-3 Surgical treatment most often combines radical ...

Robot Assisted Distal Pancreatectomy with Celiac Axis Resection (DP-CAR) for Pancreatic Cancer: Surgical Planning and Technique

Malignant pancreatic tumors involving the celiac artery can be resected with a distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy and celiac axis resection (DP-CAR), relying on collateral flow to the liver through the gastroduodenal artery (GDA). In the current manuscript, the technical conduct of robotic DP-CAR is outlined. The greater curve of the stomach is mobilized with care to avoid sacrificing the gastroepiploic vessels. The stomach and liver are retracted cephalad to facilitate dissection of the porta hepatis. The hepatic artery (HA) is dissected and encircled with a vessel loop. The gastroduodenal artery (GDA) is carefully preserved. The common HA is clamped and triphasic flow in the proper HA via the GDA is confirmed using intra-operative ultrasound. A retropancreatic tunnel is made over the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). The pancreas is divided with an endovascular stapler at the neck. The inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) and splenic vein are ligated. The HA is stapled proximal to the GDA. The entire specimen is retracted laterally with further dissection cephalad to expose the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). The SMA is then traced back to the aorta. The dissection continues cephalad along the aorta with the bipolar energy device used to divide the crural fibers and celiac nerve plexus. The specimen is mobilized from the patient's right to left until the origin of the celiac axis is identified and oriented towards the left. The trunk is circumferentially dissected and stapled. Additional dissection with hook cautery and the bipolar energy device fully mobilizes the pancreatic tail and spleen. The specimen is removed from the left lower quadrant extraction site and one drain is left in the resection bed. A final intra-operative ultrasound of the proper HA confirms pulsatile, triphasic flow in the artery and liver parenchyma. The stomach is inspected for evidence of ischemia. Robotic DP-CAR is safe, feasible and when used in conjunction with multi-modality therapy, offers potential for long-term survival in selected patients.

Robot Assisted Distal Pancreatectomy with Celiac Axis Resection DP-CAR for Pancreatic Cancer: Surgical Planning and Technique

We present our operative approach to robot assisted distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, and celiac axis resection (DP-CAR), demonstrating that the procedure is safe and feasible with proper planning, patient selection, and surgeon experience.

Malignant pancreatic tumors involving the celiac artery can be resected with a distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy and celiac axis resection (DP-CAR), ...

Cancer Research

Modified Laparoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy Using an Abdominal Subcutaneous Approach

Inguinal lymph node metastases significantly impact the prognosis of patients with penile cancer. Therefore, timely inguinal lymph node dissection is essential for the comprehensive treatment of penile cancer. Compared with the traditional open inguinal lymphadenectomy, laparoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy offers similar tumor control with fewer complications. The current techniques for the laparoscopic surgical approach include L-lymphoid clearance sequence and preservation of the great saphenous vein. In this study, a transabdominal subcutaneous anterograde approach was employed to improve laparoscopic inguinal lymph node dissection and conserve the great saphenous vein, resulting in favorable outcomes. Furthermore, only 2 out of 21 patients experienced wound infections, and only 1 exhibited lymphatic leakage from the drainage orifice. These findings indicate that the use of an innovative subcutaneous transperitoneal retrograde approach is safe for abdominal endoscopic common iliac plexus dissection with fewer complications in patients with penile cancer compared with traditional open surgery. Notably, the postoperative survival rate of penile cancer patients is significantly influenced by the presence or absence of inguinal lymph node metastasis and the extent of metastasis. Timely inguinal lymph node dissection is essential since it significantly impacts the treatment of penile cancer. Besides, laparoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy offers comparable tumor control to open surgery with significantly reduced complications. Notably, standardized approaches for laparoscopic surgery, cleaning procedures, and preservation of the saphenous vein are crucial for inguinal lymph node dissection. The laparoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy technique can be improved by employing the abdominal subcutaneous anterograde approach. This article provides a comprehensive account of the procedures and technical improvements associated with the modified laparoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy using the abdominal subcutaneous approach.

The efficacy of laparoscopic inguinal lymph node dissection is comparable to that of open surgery. It also significantly decreases the incidence of complications. In this study, a modified laparoscopic method was used for inguinal lymph node dissection through the abdominal subcutaneous approach for penile cancer treatment.

Inguinal lymph node metastases significantly impact the prognosis of patients with penile cancer. Therefore, timely inguinal lymph node dissection is ...

Laparoscopic Radical Left Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Cancer: Surgical Strategy and Technique Video

Radical resection margins, resection of Gerota&#8217;s (perirenal) fascia, and adequate lymph node dissection are crucial for an adequate oncological resection of left-sided pancreatic cancer. Several surgical techniques have been described in recent years, but few were specifically designed for minimally invasive approaches. This study describes and demonstrates a standardized and reproducible technique for an adequate oncological resection of pancreatic cancer: laparoscopic radical left pancreatectomy (LRLP).
A 61-year-old woman presented with an incidental finding of a 3 cm mass in the left pancreas suspect for malignancy. Imaging did not reveal distant metastases, central vascular involvement, or morbid obesity, hence the patient was suitable for LRLP. This study describes the main steps of LRLP for pancreatic cancer. First, the lesser sac is opened by transecting the gastrocolic ligament. The splenic flexure of the colon is mobilized and the inferior border of the pancreas including Gerota&#39;s fascia is dissected down to the inferior border of the spleen. The pancreas is tunneled and hung, including Gerota&#8217;s fascia with a vessel loop. At the pancreatic neck, a tunnel is created between the pancreas and the portal vein, likewise a vessel loop is passed. The pancreas is then transected using the graded compression technique with an endostapler. Both the splenic vein and artery are transected before completing the resection. The entire specimen is extracted in a retrieval bag via a small Pfannenstiel incision.
Duration of the surgery was 210 min with 250 mL blood loss. Pathology revealed a R0-resection (&#62;1 mm) of a well-to-moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma originating from an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. A total of 15 tumor-negative lymph nodes were resected. This is a detailed description of LRLP for left-sided pancreatic cancer as is currently being used within the international, multicenter randomized DIPLOMA (Distal Pancreatectomy Minimally Invasive or Open for PDAC) trial.

Oncologically safe left pancreatectomy requires radical resection (R0), Gerota&#8217;s (perirenal) fascia resection, and adequate lymph node dissection. This study describes the technical details of laparoscopic radical left pancreatectomy (LRLP), used in the first international multicenter randomized trial comparing minimally invasive with open left pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer, the DIPLOMA trial.

Radical resection margins, resection of Gerota&#8217;s (perirenal) fascia, and adequate lymph node dissection are crucial for an adequate oncological ...

Robot-Assisted Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy Including Resection and Reconstruction of the Spleno-Mesenteric Junction

This article shows the technique of robot-assisted radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy, including resection and reconstruction of the spleno-mesenteric junction, for cancer of the body-tail of the pancreas. The patient is placed supine with the legs parted and a pneumoperitoneum is established and maintained at 10 mmHg. To use the surgical system, four 8 mm ports and one 12 mm port are required. The optic port is placed at the umbilicus. The other ports are placed, on either side, along the pararectal line and the anterior axillary line at the level of the umbilical line. The assistant port (12 mm) is placed along the right pararectal line. Dissection begins by detaching the gastrocolic ligament, thus opening the lesser sac, and by a wide mobilization of the splenic flexure of the colon. The superior mesenteric vein is identified along the inferior border of the pancreas. Lymph node number 8a is removed to permit clear visualization of the common hepatic artery. A tunnel is then created behind the neck of the pancreas. To permit safe resection and reconstruction of the spleno-mesenteric junction, further preemptive dissection is required before dividing the pancreatic neck to bring in clear view all relevant vascular pedicles. Next, the splenic artery is ligated and divided, and the pancreatic neck is divided, with selective ligature of the pancreatic duct. After vein resection and reconstruction, dissection proceeds to complete the clearance of peripancreatic arteries that are peeled off from all lympho-neural tissues. Both celiac ganglia are removed en-bloc with the specimen. The Gerota fascia covering the upper pole of the left kidney is also removed en-bloc with the specimen. Division of short gastric vessels and splenectomy complete the procedure. A drain is left near the pancreatic stump. The round ligament of the liver is mobilized to protect the vessels.

The robotic technique shown herein aims at faithfully reproducing the open procedure for radical treatment of cancer of the body-tail of the pancreas. The protocol also demonstrates the ability to master involvement of major peripancreatic vessels without conversion to open surgery.

This article shows the technique of robot-assisted radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy, including resection and reconstruction of the ...

Robotic Radical Cystectomy, Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection, and Intracorporeal Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion

The robotic approach to radical cystectomy is compelling because of its oncologic equivalence to open radical cystectomy (ORC), its association with lower surgical blood loss, its potential association with shorter hospital stay after surgery. These factors suggest that the robotic approach to radical cystectomy may be an important component of enhanced recovery programs aimed at reducing surgical morbidity. This paper describes the importance of the cranial placement of robotic trocars, the use of Cadiere forceps for atraumatic bowel grasping, pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), and utero-enteric anastomoses. Also discussed are steps that are critical for the successful outcome of RARC. In spite of the increased operating times and associated costs and the costs of robotic surgical platforms and equipment, adoption of the robotic technique by bladder cancer surgeons has increased. This paper describes a systematic and reproducible method that details robotic extended pelvic lymph node dissection, cystectomy/cystoprostatectomy, and intracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion.

This paper describes robotic radical cystectomy, pelvic lymph node dissection, and intracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversion.

The robotic approach to radical cystectomy is compelling because of its oncologic equivalence to open radical cystectomy (ORC), its association with lower ...

Retzius-Sparing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy

The technique of Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RS-RARP) and initial experience with it at a single center are provided. The technique is described step-by-step and further illustrated by a video to enhance reproducibility. Early oncological and functional results were evaluated. In total, 77 patients were included with a median follow-up of 11 months (range: 3-21 months). Fifty-one percent of patients had local high-risk or locally advanced prostate cancer. There were no intra-operative complications, and all high-grade complications (2.6%) were related to pelvic lymph node dissection performed concomitant with RS-RARP. Median operation time was 160 min (range: 122-265 min) and median hospital stay was 3 (range: 3-8) days. A positive surgical margin was reported in 42.9%. One-year biochemical recurrence-free survival was 90.1%. After 6 months, all patients were socially continent and after 1 year, 94.3% were fully continent. Of sexually active patients who underwent at least unilateral nerve-sparing, 43.3% were able to have sexual intercourse. This series underlines the surgical safety of performing RS-RARP by a standardized technique and confirms the beneficial effect on the early return of continence. The patient needs to be informed about the risk of a positive surgical margin.

Robot-assisted Retzius-sparing radical prostatectomy is a technique that enables to preserve urinary continence or facilitates recovery of urinary continence in the majority of patients. Patients must be informed about the risk of a positive surgical margin.

The technique of Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RS-RARP) and initial experience with it at a single center are provided. The ...

Clinical Application of Single-Surgeon, Three-Port, Laparoscopic Resection for Colorectal Cancer with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction

Reduced-port laparoscopic surgery (RPLS) has been widely used for the radical resection of gastrointestinal tumors. Single-surgeon, three-port, laparoscopic radical resection for sigmoid colon or high rectal cancer with natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) has the advantage of a small incision, quick postoperative recovery, and short hospital stay. Yet, there are still only a few reports on NOSES. This paper describes the indications, preoperative preparations, surgical steps, and precautions for single-surgeon, three-port, laparoscopic radical resection of the sigmoid colon and high rectal cancer, and intraoperative specimen collection through the natural orifice. 
The protocol focuses on the steps of radical dissection and the main technical points of resection and reconstruction. At the same time, a procedure for fixing an anvil seat by self-traction of extracorporeal silk thread, used for purse-string suture fixation after the proximal anvil was placed in the abdominal cavity, was creatively improved. This operation could effectively avoid problems such as an insufficient proximal intestinal tube, shaking off the anvil seat, and weak purse-string suture during a single operation. The surgical care had less variability and was easy to perform, effectively avoiding postoperative anastomotic leakage and bleeding due to excessive intraoperative anastomotic tissue. This surgery could be widely promoted in primary hospitals.

Here, we present a protocol to successfully perform single-surgeon, three-port, laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer with natural orifice specimen extraction.

Reduced-port laparoscopic surgery (RPLS) has been widely used for the radical resection of gastrointestinal tumors. Single-surgeon, three-port, ...

Laparoscopic Posterior Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy for Distal Pancreatic Carcinoma

Distal pancreatic carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor with strong invasiveness, often growing to the edge of the pancreas and penetrating the pancreatic capsule to infiltrate surrounding tissues. In conventional distal pancreatosplenectomy (DPS), tumor cells are prone to spread along the direction of blood and lymphatic reflux due to surgical compression. Additionally, inflammation makes it challenging to achieve R0 resection, leading to a lower patient survival rate. To address these limitations, radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) was developed, emphasizing deeper excision, including the left anterior renal fascia, the left anterior renal adipose sac, and even the left adrenal gland, to improve the R0 resection rate. With the advancement of minimally invasive surgical techniques, laparoscopic RAMPS (L-RAMPS) is being considered technically safe and feasible in oncology. However, due to technical difficulties and a lack of supporting evidence for clinical application, only a few institutions are currently conducting L-RAMPS. In this context, this article presents detailed techniques for laparoscopic posterior radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (L-pRAMPS), offering promise for future clinical applications.

Laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (L-RAMPS) is currently considered technically safe and feasible. However, due to technical challenges and a lack of supporting evidence for widespread clinical applications, only a limited number of institutions are currently conducting L-RAMPS. This article aims to provide detailed techniques for laparoscopic posterior radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy.

Distal pancreatic carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor with strong invasiveness, often growing to the edge of the pancreas and penetrating the pancreatic ...

Robotics in Surgery: A Modular Robotic Platform Driven Gastric Wedge Resection

Robotic-assisted surgery has become increasingly popular since the introduction of the first robotic platform. Recently, a modular robotic system was approved for in-human use in Europe. Possible applications for this new robotic system are being explored, and standardized approaches are evolving. In lieu of this, a gastric wedge resection and the standardized setup for upper gastrointestinal procedures using this new system are presented here. This safe and feasible robotic procedure is demonstrated in a 69-year-old patient with a gastric tumor. All steps of the surgery are described in a detailed and reproducible manner. The article also details trocar positioning, arm adjustments, and required surgical instruments. Docking time amounted to 13 min, whereas the console time took 115 min. The patient was discharged after 4 days after ensuring an uneventful course. The presented method is also suitable for other surgical purposes, such as fundoplications or hiatoplasties, and ensures both generalizability and reproducibility.

Robotically assisted surgery has become highly popular in recent years. Presented here is the standard care for upper gastrointestinal procedures, including a demonstration of a robotic-assisted gastric wedge resection using a modular robotic device.

Robotic-assisted surgery has become increasingly popular since the introduction of the first robotic platform. Recently, a modular robotic system was ...

Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer

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