Chapter 18
Stress and Strain - Axial Loading
Normalne odkształcenie pod obciążeniem osiowym
A rod subjected to a load undergoes elongation. A load-deformation diagram can represent the elongation but cannot predict deformation in different rods.
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Wykres naprężenie-odkształcenie
Consider a cylindrical specimen placed in a system to measure its tensile strength.
Two gauge marks are inscribed on the central portion of the specimen. ...
Wykres naprężenie-odkształcenie - materiały ciągliwe
When a specimen is subjected to loading the length first increases linearly at a slow rate, resulting in an initial straight line with a steep slope on ...
Wykres naprężenie-odkształcenie - materiały kruche
Brittle materials, under tensile stress, do not elongate much before rupturing, meaning their ultimate and breaking strengths are identical. Compared with ...
Prawdziwy stres i prawdziwe obciążenie
Engineering stress is the ratio of the load and the undeformed original cross-sectional area. Engineering stress approximates strain which represents the ...
Prawo Hooke'a
Hooke's law states that stress applied to a material is directly proportional to the strain it experiences within the elastic limit. For ductile ...
Zachowanie plastyczne
Materials under stress due to tensile loading exhibit elastic and linear behavior until the yield point. Removing the load at the yield point, stress and ...
Zmęczenie
Fatigue occurs when the materials, under repeated loads for thousands or millions of cycles, rupture at a stress level much lower than the material's ...
Odkształcenie pręta pod wieloma obciążeniami
The deformation of a rod with different materials and cross-sections is computed by dividing it into parts, each characterized by individual parameters.
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Statycznie nieokreślone rozwiązywanie problemów
Consider two cylindrical rods, one of steel and another of brass, joined at point B and restrained by rigid supports at points A and C.
Determine the ...
Odkształcenie termiczne
A homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section, resting freely on a horizontal surface, expands when heated.
The expansion is proportional to the ...
Deformacja zależna od temperatury
Consider a non-homogenous rod made of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change.
The stress and load on the rod are ...
Współczynnik Poissona
When a slender bar is subjected to an axial load, the bar material undergoes axial strain, causing it to deform in the axial direction.
Simultaneously, ...
Uogólnione prawo Hooke'a
The generalized Hooke's Law extends Hooke's Law to all stress types and directions, aiding in understanding materials under multiaxial stress ...
Moduł objętościowy
The bulk modulus measures a material's resistance to uniform compression. It is defined as the proportionality constant between a change in pressure ...
Odkształcenie ścinające
In a cubic element with a general state of stress, the shearing stresses can deform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without affecting normal ...
Zależność między współczynnikiem Poissona, modułem sprężystości i modułem sztywności
A slender bar subjected to an axial load undergoes deformation in the axial and transverse directions. The deformation affects the cubic elements within ...
Zasada Saint-Venanta
Consider a member with plates on both ends. When loads are applied centrally on the plates, they move towards each other without rotating, causing the ...
Koncentracje naprężeń
Stress concentration refers to the amplification of stress in a structural member near points of discontinuity, such as holes or abrupt changes in ...
Naprężenia szczątkowe
When a rod is stretched beyond its yield point, it permanently deforms and doesn't regain its original length.
The stresses created during loading are ...
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