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Chapter 18

Stress and Strain - Axial Loading

Déformation normale sous charge axiale
Déformation normale sous charge axiale
A rod subjected to a load undergoes elongation. A load-deformation diagram can represent the elongation but cannot predict deformation in different rods. ...
Diagramme contrainte-déformation
Diagramme contrainte-déformation
Consider a cylindrical specimen placed in a system to measure its tensile strength. Two gauge marks are inscribed on the central portion of the specimen. ...
Diagramme contrainte-déformation - Matériaux ductiles
Diagramme contrainte-déformation - Matériaux ductiles
When a specimen is subjected to loading the length first increases linearly at a slow rate, resulting in an initial straight line with a steep slope on ...
Diagramme contrainte-déformation - Matériaux fragiles
Diagramme contrainte-déformation - Matériaux fragiles
Brittle materials, under tensile stress, do not elongate much before rupturing, meaning their ultimate and breaking strengths are identical. Compared with ...
Véritable stress et véritable tension
Véritable stress et véritable tension
Engineering stress is the ratio of the load and the undeformed original cross-sectional area. Engineering stress approximates strain which represents the ...
Loi de Hooke
Loi de Hooke
Hooke's law states that stress applied to a material is directly proportional to the strain it experiences within the elastic limit. For ductile ...
Comportement du plastique
Comportement du plastique
Materials under stress due to tensile loading exhibit elastic and linear behavior until the yield point. Removing the load at the yield point, stress and ...
Fatigue
Fatigue
Fatigue occurs when the materials, under repeated loads for thousands or millions of cycles, rupture at a stress level much lower than the material's ...
Déformation de l’élément sous des charges multiples
Déformation de l’élément sous des charges multiples
The deformation of a rod with different materials and cross-sections is computed by dividing it into parts, each characterized by individual parameters. ...
Résolution de problèmes statiquement indéterminée
Résolution de problèmes statiquement indéterminée
Consider two cylindrical rods, one of steel and another of brass, joined at point B and restrained by rigid supports at points A and C. Determine the ...
Déformation thermique
Déformation thermique
A homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section, resting freely on a horizontal surface, expands when heated. The expansion is proportional to the ...
Déformation dépendante de la température
Déformation dépendante de la température
Consider a non-homogenous rod made of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change. The stress and load on the rod are ...
Coefficient de Poisson
Coefficient de Poisson
When a slender bar is subjected to an axial load, the bar material undergoes axial strain, causing it to deform in the axial direction. Simultaneously, ...
Loi de Hooke généralisée
Loi de Hooke généralisée
The generalized Hooke's Law extends Hooke's Law to all stress types and directions, aiding in understanding materials under multiaxial stress ...
Module de charge
Module de charge
The bulk modulus measures a material's resistance to uniform compression. It is defined as the proportionality constant between a change in pressure ...
Contrainte de cisaillement
Contrainte de cisaillement
In a cubic element with a general state of stress, the shearing stresses can deform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without affecting normal ...
Relation entre le coefficient de Poisson, le module d’élasticité et le module de rigidité
Relation entre le coefficient de Poisson, le module d’élasticité et le module de rigidité
A slender bar subjected to an axial load undergoes deformation in the axial and transverse directions. The deformation affects the cubic elements within ...
Le principe de Saint-Venant
Le principe de Saint-Venant
Consider a member with plates on both ends. When loads are applied centrally on the plates, they move towards each other without rotating, causing the ...
Concentrations de contraintes
Concentrations de contraintes
Stress concentration refers to the amplification of stress in a structural member near points of discontinuity, such as holes or abrupt changes in ...
Contraintes résiduelles
Contraintes résiduelles
When a rod is stretched beyond its yield point, it permanently deforms and doesn't regain its original length. The stresses created during loading are ...
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