Carl Nathan

Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase: structure, mechanism of action, and biological function.

Nonredundant antioxidant defense by multiple two-cysteine peroxiredoxins in human prostate cancer cells.

Inducible nitric oxide synthase in the tuberculous human lung.

Immunology. Catalytic antibody bridges innate and adaptive immunity.

Points of control in inflammation.

Critical role of the carboxyl terminus of proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk2) in the activation of human neutrophils by tumor necrosis factor: separation of signals for the respiratory burst and degranulation.

Conversion of proepithelin to epithelins: roles of SLPI and elastase in host defense and wound repair.

Specificity of a third kind: reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in cell signaling.

Immunology: Oxygen and the inflammatory cell.

Transcriptional Adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within Macrophages: Insights into the Phagosomal Environment.

MyD88 primes macrophages for full-scale activation by interferon-gamma yet mediates few responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The proteasome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required for resistance to nitric oxide.

Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis counterimmune (cim) mutants in immunodeficient mice by differential screening.

Antibiotics at the crossroads.

The moving frontier in nitric oxide-dependent signaling.

S-nitroso proteome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Enzymes of intermediary metabolism and antioxidant defense.

Characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasomal ATPase homologue.

A glutamate-alanine-leucine (EAL) domain protein of Salmonella controls bacterial survival in mice, antioxidant defence and killing of macrophages: role of cyclic diGMP.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the host response.

Variant tricarboxylic acid cycle in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: identification of alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylase.

Role for nucleotide excision repair in virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Calcium-sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase mediates TNF signal transduction in human neutrophils.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis appears to lack alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and encodes pyruvate dehydrogenase in widely separated genes.

Crystal structure and functional analysis of lipoamide dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Progress and new directions in genetics of tuberculosis: an NHLBI working group report.

Outlook: the profit problem in antibiotic R&D.

Protection from Alzheimer's-like disease in the mouse by genetic ablation of inducible nitric oxide synthase.

Chemical inhibitors of TNF signal transduction in human neutrophils point to distinct steps in cell activation.

Abrupt expression of TLR4 in TLR4-deficient macrophages imposes a selective disadvantage: genetic evidence for TLR4-dependent responses to endogenous, nonmicrobial stimuli.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis prcBA genes encode a gated proteasome with broad oligopeptide specificity.

Structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasome and mechanism of inhibition by a peptidyl boronate.

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 enzymes are not required by mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro.

Neutrophils and immunity: challenges and opportunities.

Role of iNOS in human host defense.

Man is not a mouse: reply.

Aligning pharmaceutical innovation with medical need.

MyD88-5 links mitochondria, microtubules, and JNK3 in neurons and regulates neuronal survival.

New approaches to filling the gap in tuberculosis drug discovery.

Selective killing of nonreplicating mycobacteria.

Epidemic inflammation: pondering obesity.

Metchnikoff's Legacy in 2008.

A membrane protein preserves intrabacterial pH in intraphagosomal Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Identification of a copper-binding metallothionein in pathogenic mycobacteria.

Pulmonary nodules in an infliximab-treated rheumatoid arthritis patient: a clinical pathology conference held by the Division of Rheumatology at Hospital for Special Surgery.

A philosophy of anti-infectives as a guide in the search for new drugs for tuberculosis.

Distinct specificities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and mammalian proteasomes for N-acetyl tripeptide substrates.

Acid-susceptible mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis share hypersusceptibility to cell wall and oxidative stress and to the host environment.

Microbiology. An antibiotic mimics immunity.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis expresses methionine sulphoxide reductases A and B that protect from killing by nitrite and hypochlorite.

Triterpenoid CDDO-methylamide improves memory and decreases amyloid plaques in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Taming tuberculosis: a challenge for science and society.

Acid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Nitazoxanide kills replicating and nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and evades resistance.

Inhibitors selective for mycobacterial versus human proteasomes.

Structural insights on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasomal ATPase Mpa.

N-iminoethyl-L-lysine improves memory and reduces amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model of amyloid deposition.

Exaggerated inflammation, impaired host defense, and neuropathology in progranulin-deficient mice.

Triazaspirodimethoxybenzoyls as selective inhibitors of mycobacterial lipoamide dehydrogenase .

Nonresolving inflammation.

SnapShot: Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROI).

Activity-based metabolomic profiling of enzymatic function: identification of Rv1248c as a mycobacterial 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase.

Killing of non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis by 8-hydroxyquinoline.

Fellutamide B is a potent inhibitor of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasome.

Behavioral deficits and progressive neuropathology in progranulin-deficient mice: a mouse model of frontotemporal dementia.

Induction of ER stress in macrophages of tuberculosis granulomas.

A protecting group-free synthesis of deazathiamine: a step toward inhibitor design.

Metabolomics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals compartmentalized co-catabolism of carbon substrates.

Genome-wide screen for Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes that regulate host immunity.

Identification of a chemical that inhibits the mycobacterial UvrABC complex in nucleotide excision repair.

Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on lipoamide dehydrogenase, a member of three multienzyme complexes.

Central carbon metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: an unexpected frontier.

Making space for anti-infective drug discovery.

Identification of new inhibitors of protein kinase R guided by statistical modeling.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene Rv2136c is dispensable for acid resistance and virulence in mice.

In vitro differentiation of human macrophages with enhanced antimycobacterial activity.

Is iNOS beginning to smoke?

Nitazoxanide Disrupts Membrane Potential and Intrabacterial pH Homeostasis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Remembering Ralph Steinman.

Improved control of tuberculosis and activation of macrophages in mice lacking protein kinase R.

Secretory products of macrophages: twenty-five years on.

dSarm/Sarm1 is required for activation of an injury-induced axon death pathway.

Fresh approaches to anti-infective therapies.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sensitizes Mycobacterium tuberculosis to endogenous and exogenous antimicrobials.

Efficacy of nitazoxanide against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Beyond oxidative stress: an immunologist's guide to reactive oxygen species.

SARM Is Required for Neuronal Injury and Cytokine Production in Response to Central Nervous System Viral Infection.

Influence of allosteric regulators on individual steps in the reaction catalyzed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase.

N,C-Capped dipeptides with selectivity for mycobacterial proteasome over human proteasomes: role of S3 and S1 binding pockets.

Whole cell screen for inhibitors of pH homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Nitrite impacts the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in response to isoniazid and hydrogen peroxide.

A journey in science: promise, purpose, privilege.

Perspective: Graduation time.

Nitrite produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages in physiologic oxygen impacts bacterial ATP consumption and gene expression.

Genetic regulation of vesiculogenesis and immunomodulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Lipoamide channel-binding sulfonamides selectively inhibit mycobacterial lipoamide dehydrogenase.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis: a new shot on goal.

Benzimidazole-based compounds kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Synthetic calanolides with bactericidal activity against replicating and nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Oxathiazolones Selectively Inhibit the Human Immunoproteasome over the Constitutive Proteasome.

Isocitrate lyase mediates broad antibiotic tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Antibiotic resistance--problems, progress, and prospects.

Target-based screen against a periplasmic serine protease that regulates intrabacterial pH homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Stressed mycobacteria use the chaperone ClpB to sequester irreversibly oxidized proteins asymmetrically within and between cells.

Video podcast: Tuberculosis.

What can immunology contribute to the control of the world's leading cause of death from bacterial infection?

TB drug development: immunology at the table.

A multi-stress model for high throughput screening against non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Identification of Rv3852 as an Agrimophol-Binding Protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Rapid, Semiquantitative Assay To Discriminate among Compounds with Activity against Replicating or Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Cooperative development of antimicrobials: looking back to look ahead.

E1 of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase defends Mycobacterium tuberculosis against glutamate anaplerosis and nitroxidative stress.

IMMUNOLOGY. From transient infection to chronic disease.

Comparison of transposon and deletion mutants in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: The case of rv1248c, encoding 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase.

Human studies at JEM: Immunology and beyond.

Novel Cephalosporins Selectively Active on Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

N-methylation of a bactericidal compound as a resistance mechanism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Open Source Drug Discovery with the Malaria Box Compound Collection for Neglected Diseases and Beyond.

Immunoproteasome β5i-Selective Dipeptidomimetic Inhibitors.

Identification of Novel Anti-mycobacterial Compounds by Screening a Pharmaceutical Small-Molecule Library against Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Macrophages' Choice: Take It In or Keep It Out.

Reconstitution of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteostasis network highlights essential cofactor interactions with chaperone DnaK.