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United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

2 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

Immunology and Infection

Enhanced Rabies Surveillance Using a Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test

Erin M. Patrick¹, Brian M. Bjorklund², Jordona D. Kirby³, Kathleen M. Nelson⁴, Richard B. Chipman⁴, Charles E. Rupprecht⁵

¹Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Wildlife Services, Knoxville, TN, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ²Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Wildlife Services, Sutton, MA, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ³Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Wildlife Services, Milton, FL, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ⁴Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Wildlife Services, Concord, NH, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ⁵Lyssa LLC

The direct rapid immunohistochemical test (DRIT) offers a World Organization for Animal Health and World Health Organization (OIE/WHO) recognized alternative to the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test for rabies diagnosis. This test allows for field-based applications that can be performed in approximately 1 h upon brain impressions using light microscopy.

Biology

Sieving Fruit Pulp to Detect Immature Tephritid Fruit Flies in the Field

Amy L. Roda¹, Gary Steck², Thomas Fezza³, Todd Shelly³, Rita Duncan⁴, Nicholas Manoukis⁵, Lori Carvalho⁵, Abbie Fox⁶, Paul Kendra⁷, Daniel Carrillo⁴

¹Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ), Science and Technology (S&T) Miami, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ²Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, ³APHIS, PPQ, S&T, USDA, ⁴IFAS, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, ⁵Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA, ⁶APHIS, PPQ, Field Operations, USDA, ⁷ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA

Increasing the detection of immature tephritid fruit flies in the field can trigger timely efforts to eliminate populations of these destructive pests. Detecting late instar larvae is faster and more accurate when mushing host fruit in a bag and passing the pulp through a series of sieves than hand cutting and visual inspection.