É necessária uma assinatura da JoVE para visualizar este conteúdo. Faça login ou comece sua avaliação gratuita.
Method Article
This protocol describes the development of two IgG class monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) strongly reactive to myoglobin of cetaceans. These mAbs are applied on a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip based on the sandwich format to differentiate the Mb of cetaceans from seal and other animals.
This protocol describes the development of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip based on the sandwich format that can be used to differentiate the myoglobin (Mb) of cetaceans from that of seals and other animals. The strip provides rapid and on-the-spot screening for cetacean meat, thereby restraining its illegal trade and consumption. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with reactivity toward the Mb of cetaceans were developed. The amino acid sequences of Mb antigenic reactive regions from various animals were analyzed in order to design two synthetic peptides (a general peptide and a specific peptide) and thereafter raise the mAbs (subclass IgG1). The mAbs were selected from hybridomas screened by indirect ELISA, western blot and dot blot. CGF5H9 was specific to the Mbs of rabbits, dogs, pigs, cows, goats, and cetaceans while it showed weak to no affinity to the Mbs of chickens, tuna and seals. CSF1H13 can bind seals and cetaceans with strong affinity but showed no affinity to other animals. Cetacean samples from four families (Balaenopteridae, Delphinidae, Phocoenidae and Kogiidae) were used in this study, and the results indicated that these two mAbs have broad binding ability to Mbs from different cetaceans. These mAbs were applied on a sandwich-type colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip. CGF5H9, which recognizes many species, was colloid gold-labeled and used as the detection antibody. CSF1H13, which was coated on the test zone, detected the presence of cetacean and seal Mbs. Muscle samples from tuna, chicken, seal, five species of terrestrial mammals and 15 species of cetaceans were tested in triplicate. All cetacean samples showed positive results and all the other samples showed negative results.
Historically, cetacean meat has been consumed in many parts of the world and this consumption continues today1. Due to the trophic level of cetaceans, high levels of mercury and other toxins are known to be present in their meat2. Therefore, the consumption of cetacean meat could lead to a health problem not only for high-risk groups such as pregnant women but also for the general population3. Furthermore, the contamination of cetacean meat with zoonotic or potentially zoonotic pathogens can also occur during its processing and storage4. It is difficult even for experienced agents to identify cetacean meats by their appearance alone. Therefore, a reliable scientific method of identification is required to differentiate cetacean meat from other meats. This would help to limit the consumption of cetacean meat.
Current methods of species identification include molecular techniques and immunological methods. Molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing, can be used to identify samples not only from raw meat5 and decomposed samples6 but also from processed foods such as cooked sausage and feedstuffs7,8. Immunological methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), are commonly applied in food production to detect the meat content of, for example, pork9, beef10 and catfish11. PCR-based DNA analysis for the identification of cetacean meat is available12, and has helped prevent the illegal international trade of cetacean meat in Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Russia, Norway, and the United States1. These methods are effective and reliable, but they can take hours or days to complete and involve laborious steps. The identification of cetacean meats is usually based on molecular techniques and there is currently no immunological method available. For regulatory agencies, it is highly desirable to develop a dependable and rapid technique that can be used in the field to identify cetacean meats.
Immunochromatographic strips are used as detection tools with the advantage of producing rapid result via a simple protocol that is suitable for use in the field. The principles of the immunochromatographic strip and ELISA are very similar, and includes antibodies, antigens and labels. Many different labels such as colloidal gold, carbon and latex have been used in the development of immunochromatographic strips. At present, this method is commonly used for detecting antibiotics, toxin, bacteria and viruses13, but it is rarely used for identifying proteins in meat14,15. Here we propose a lateral-flow chromatographic enzyme immunoassay for rapid detection of cetacean myoglobin (Mb).
Declaração de Ética: O estudo foi realizado de acordo com as directrizes internacionais e aprovado pelo Comitê Institucional de Animal Care and Use (IACUC) da Universidade Nacional de Chiayi, aprovação ID: 99022. O uso da amostra de cetáceos foi permitido pelo Conselho da Agricultura de Taiwan (Research Permissão 100M-02.1-C-99).
1. Preparação de amostras do músculo e de SDS-PAGE
Nota: As amostras de músculo de 23 espécies, incluindo 16 espécies de mamíferos marinhos, 5 espécies de mamíferos terrestres, atum e frango foram utilizados neste estudo (Tabela 1). As amostras de músculo de cetáceos foram obtidas de indivíduos presos, as capturas acessórias da pesca e confisco. Coelho, rato, cão, e tecidos musculares de frango foram obtidos a partir do Centro de Diagnóstico de Doenças dos Animais da Universidade Nacional de Chiayi. As amostras de carne de vaca, porco, cordeiro e atum foram comprados de um supermercado local. A amostra do músculo do selo de porto (Phoca vitulina ) foi fornecido por Farglory Ocean Park. electroforese de sódio dodecil sulfato de gel de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE) foi utilizada para separar proteínas solúveis com diferentes pesos moleculares em amostras do músculo.
2. Peptide Synthesis e Produção de Anticorpo Monoclonal
3. Western Blot
4. Dot Blot
5. ELISA indireta
6. Preparação de mAb marcado com ouro coloidal
Nota: A solução cor de ouro coloidal e a mistura deve ser sempre vermelho. Ajustar o pH, a concentração de mAb, a velocidade de centrifugação quando precipitado preto é notado. Passos 6.1 e 6.2 são passos de otimização.
7. Construção de Immune Faixa
Nota: A Figura 1 mostra o desenho tira imune. Preparar e montar as tiras em uma condição ambiental laboratório de baixa umidade (<20% de umidade relativa) para a vida de armazenamento prolongado (> 1 ano). As dimensões de almofadas de membrana e são: conjugado de almofada 300 mm x 10 mm, almofada absorvente 300 mm x 24 mm, amostra almofada 300 mm x 24 mm, NC membrana 300 mm x 25 mm, 300 pasteboardmm x 80 mm.
Teste 8. A reactividade cruzada
Características de anticorpos monoclonais
Nós desenvolvemos dois IgG 1 mAbs (CGF5H9 e CSF1H13) reconhecendo dois peptídeos sintéticos (MKASEDLKKHGNTVLC e AIIHVLHSRHPAEFGC), respectivamente, do Mb de cetáceos, e estes foram utilizados para construir uma tira de teste imunocromatográfico do tipo sanduíche ouro coloidal para a rápida detecção de Mb de cetáceos. a Figura 2 mostra que detecta CGF5H9 cetáceos e outros mamíferos como uma ún...
Usando um péptido sintético conjugado com a proteína transportadora é notavelmente mais eficaz em comparação com a sua proteína cognata. Para uma técnica baseada em sanduíche, porque o mAb é desenvolvida usando epitopos com posições relativas conhecidas, os dois mAb neste estudo não são susceptíveis de interferir com a interacção do outro com o epítopo de antigénio alvo. Além disso, a reactividade entre a proteína nativa e o anticorpo de murganhos imunizados com o péptido sintético conjugado pode ...
The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.
We appreciate the colleagues in Taiwan Cetacean Society, Marine Biology and Cetacean Research Center of National Cheng Kung Univerisy, Farglory Ocean Park, and Animal Disease Diagnostic Center of National Chiayi Universiy for sample collection. This project was funded by grant to WCY from the Council of Agriculture of Taiwan (100AS-02.1-FB99).
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Phosphate buffered saline | AMRESCO | J373 | |
Protein G HP SpinTrap | GE Healthcare | 28-9031-34 | spin column containing Protein G Sepharose |
IsoStrip Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Isotyping Kit | Roche | 11493027001 | Isotyping Strips, precoated with subclass- and light-chain-specific anti-mouse-Ig antibodies |
Mini Trans-Blot | Bio-Rad | 170-3935 | |
Nitrocellulose membrane | Whatman | Z613630 | |
Antibody blocker solution | LTK BioLaboratories | To minimize nonspecific binding interactions of nonspecific IgG in the samples | |
BCIP/NBT phosphatase substrate | KPL | 50-81-00 | |
Protein Detector HRP Microwell Kit, Anti-Mouse | KPL | 54-62-18 | |
Nunc Immunoplate MaxiSorp ELISA plate | Thermo Fisher Scientific | EW-01928-08 | |
Multiskan EX ELISA reader | Thermo Electron Corporation | 51118170 | |
Colloid gold (40 nm) solution | REGA biotechnology Inc. | 40-50 nm is appropriate for immunostrip | |
Bovine serum albumin | Gibco | 15561-020 | |
Rapid test immno-strip printer | REGA biotechnology Inc. | AGISMART RP-1000 | Only suited for small scale production of immunostrips for research and development purposes |
Strip components (NC membranes, sample pads (#33 glass, S&S), conjugate pads (#16S, S&S) and absorbent pads (CF6, Whatman)) | REGA biotechnology Inc. | ||
Freund’s adjuvant and incomplete Freund’s adjuvant | Sigma-Aldrich | F5881, F5506 | Used to produce water-in-oil emulsions of immunogens |
Acrylamide, gel buffer, ammonium persulfate (APS), tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) | Protech | Gel preparation for SDS-PAGE | |
Coomassie brilliant blue R-250 | Bio-Rad | 1610436 | Protein staining in SDS-PAGE gels |
Laemmli sample buffer and β-mercaptoethanol | Bio-Rad | 1610737, 1610710 | Dilute protein samples before loading on SDS-PAGE gels |
Solicitar permissão para reutilizar o texto ou figuras deste artigo JoVE
Solicitar PermissãoThis article has been published
Video Coming Soon
Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. Todos os direitos reservados