A. Propagar vírus na linhagem de células C6/36. <ol><li> Células crescem a 80% confluência em 75 frasco cm 2; </li><li> Remova a mídia com 3-4 ml que fica no frasco; </li><li> Tomar 0,5 ml do vírus estoque e adicionar na célula acima, com a multiplicidade de infecção de 1,5 partículas de vírus por célula. Agitar o frasco durante 15 minutos lentamente na temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Incubar por 45 minutos em 5% CO 2 e 37 ° C </li><li> Adicionar 30 ml de mídia, e incubar por 5 dias. </li></ol> B. Prepare a mistura de vírus e de sangue <ol><li> Retire a célula com o raspador e transferir o celular e mídia para os 50 mL tubos cônicos; </li><li> Centrifugado a 800g por 10 minutos; coletar o sobrenadante, mas deixar 1ml do sobrenadante com o pellet celular; </li><li> Congelar o pellet celular acima das emissões de CO 2 e, em seguida, secar descongelar em banho-maria 37 ° C, repita duas a três vezes; </li><li> Centrifugado a 800g por 10 minutos, retirar o sobrenadante, e combinam com o sobrenadante do passo 3; </li><li> Coletar sangue humano total com o mesmo procedimento (passo 3) para a preparação da cultura gametócitos para infectar mosquitos Anopheles com Plasmodium falciparum; </li><li> Combinar a quantidade igual de todo o sangue acima do humano com o vírus sobrenadante do passo 4, e adicionar soro humano (10% do volume total). </li><li> Incubar a mistura acima de sangue humano e vírus da dengue durante 30 minutos a 37 ° C banho de água </li></ol> Alimentação mosquitos C. Este procedimento é quase idêntico ao que foi descrito na seção de infecções Plasmodium falciparum em mosquitos. Nós ensaio a infecção do intestino médio no dia 7, ea infecção salivar em 14 dias após a sangue-feeding. Todo o material que entrou em contato com o vírus são tratados pela primeira vez com etanol 75% e depois com lixívia a 10%. D. Ensaio o título do vírus no tecido mosquito <ol><li> Dois ou três dias antes da dissecação de tecido mosquito, crescer C6/36 célula em uma placa de 24 poços de tal forma que a célula de chegar a 80% confluência no dia em que o ensaio é realizado; </li><li> Os mosquitos são anestesiados a 4 ° C, sacrificados e surgiu estéril, mergulhando-os em etanol 75% por 1 minuto. Em seguida, os mosquitos foram lavados com água estéril duas vezes antes de dissecção da glândula salivar do intestino médio ou sob o microscópio de dissecação. A partir deste passo, todo o procedimento a seguir deve ser conduzido em um ambiente estéril, como uma cabine de segurança biológica. Estes tecidos são transferidos para um tubo contendo 150 mL de mídia e homogeneizados com uma pelota Kontes pilão do motor por 90 segundos; </li><li> Fazer uma diluição de 1:100, adicionando 10 ml do homogenato em media 990 mL; </li><li> Fazer mais um: 10, 1:100 e 1:1000 de diluição com o meio na placa de 96 poços; </li><li> Remova a mídia na placa de 24 poços, e adicione 100 ml de cada uma das diluições acima de quatro em cada cavidade correspondente; </li><li> Agite a placa lentamente por 15 minutos na temperatura ambiente, em seguida, incubar por 45 minutos em 5% CO 2 e 37 ° C; </li><li> Adicionar 1 ml de Metilcelulosa overlay (1%) a cada poço; </li><li> Incubar as placas a 37 ° C com 5% de CO 2 durante 5 dias; </li><li> Os passos a partir daqui não requerem um ambiente estéril, mas como com qualquer outro cuidado deve ser tomado patógeno em todos os momentos. Descartar overlay Metilcelulosa de cada prato e blot para remover excesso de mídia </li><li> Adicionar 1 ml de metanol / acetona fixador (1:1) a cada poço. Manter a 4 ° C por 1 h; </li><li> Deitar fora o fixador, e lave uma vez com 1X PBS; </li><li> Faça 1:1000 diluição para o anticorpo primário contra o vírus com Blotto 5%; </li><li> Adicionar 200 mL de líquido hiperimune diluído a cada C bem, incubar a 37 ° para 1 hora; </li><li> Remover o líquido hiperimune e placa de lavagem com PBS 1 X </li><li> Prepare uma diluição 1:1000 do conjugado de cabra anti-rato (KPL Cat # 074-1806) em 5% dopada (5g de leite em pó desnatado em 100 ml de PBS 1 X), e depois adicionar 200 mL em cada poço e incubar a 37 ° C por 1 h; </li><li> Prepare substrato da seguinte forma: adicionar 1 comprimido de 3&#39;-diaminobenzidina terrahydrochloride (Sigma Cat # D5905) em 20 ml de PBS 1 X, depois de dissolvido, e então adicionar 8 mL de peróxido de hidrogênio 30% </li><li> Adicionar 200 mL do substrato acima para cada poço. Deixe descansar em temperatura ambiente por 10 minutos </li><li> Remover substrato e parar a reação pela adição de 1ml de água destilada para cada poço </li><li> Despeje em pratos de água e secar para secar </li><li> Contar a partícula do vírus </li></ol>

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Incubator</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>with 5% CO2, 37oC</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>50 mL conical tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>plastic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>human serum and blood</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>O+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>pipette tip</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>for tissue culture </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>pipettman</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Pasteur pipetts</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>glass, sterile</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>water bath</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>37C</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>centrifuge</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>parafilm</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>circulating water bath</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>glass membrane feeders</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>with rubber tubing to fit feeders</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mosquito cups</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>75% ethanol</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>10% bleach</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Tissue-culture plates</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>6-well, 24-well and 96-well plates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Petri dish</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>glass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Slides</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>fine-tip forceps</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>PBS</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>1X, sterile</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dissecting microscope</td>
<td>Microscope</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>C6/36 cells</td>
<td>cells</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>For virus propagation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C6/36 medium</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>MEM with 10% heat inactivated FBS, 1% L-glutamine and non-essential amino acid and 1% (v/v) Penicillin-Streptomycin.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3&#x2019;-Diaminobenzidine terrahydrochloride</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>D5905</td>
<td>1 tablet in 20 ml of 1 X PBS, dissolve and then add 8 &#181;l of 30% hydrogen peroxidase</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>30% hydrogen peroxidase</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>A. aegypti</td>
<td>Animal</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>mosquito</td>
</tr>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

protocol for dengue infections in mosquitoes (a. aegypti) and infection phenotype determination

O objetivo deste procedimento é para infectar o mosquito Aedes com o vírus da dengue em uma condição de laboratório e examinar o nível de infecção e dinâmica do vírus nos tecidos do mosquito. Este protocolo é utilizado rotineiramente para o estudo de interações mosquito-vírus, especialmente para a identificação de novos fatores de host que são capazes de determinar a competência vetorial. Todo o experimento deve ser realizado em um laboratório BSL2. Semelhantes às infecções Plasmodium falciparum, traje apropriado, incluindo luvas e jaleco deve ser usado em todos os momentos. Após o experimento, todos os materiais que entraram em contato com o vírus precisam ser tratados com etanol 75% e branqueadas antes de prosseguir com a lavagem normal. Todos os outros materiais devem ser autoclavados antes de descartá-los.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes A. aegypti and Infection Phenotype Determination at JoVE.com

Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes A. aegypti and Infection Phenotype Determination

Uma vez que um gene é identificada como potencialmente refratário para o vírus da dengue, deve ser avaliado para o seu papel na prevenção de infecções virais dentro do mosquito. Este protocolo ilustra como a extensão das infecções por dengue de mosquitos podem ser ensaiadas. As técnicas para crescer o vírus em cultura, alimentando-se membrana de sangue os mosquitos humanos e assaying títulos viral no intestino médio do mosquito são demonstradas.

Protocolo para infecções por dengue em mosquitos (A. aegypti) e Determinação Fenótipo Infecção

The purpose of this procedure is to infect the Aedes mosquito with dengue virus in a laboratory condition and examine the infection level and dynamic of ...

protocol-for-dengue-infections-mosquitoes-aegypti-infection-phenotype

Universidad San Sebastian

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes (A. aegypti) and Infection Phenotype Determination

17.5K visualizações.  Johns Hopkins University. Uma vez que um gene é identificada como potencialmente refratário para o vírus da dengue, deve ser avaliado para o seu papel na prevenção de infecções virais dentro do mosquito. Este protocolo ilustra como a extensão das infecções por dengue de mosquitos podem ser ensaiadas. As técnicas para crescer o vírus em cultura, alimentando-se membrana de sangue os mosquitos humanos e assaying títulos viral no intestino médio do mosquito são demonstradas.

Vídeo: Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes A. aegypti and Infection Phenotype Determination

Microinjection of A. aegypti Embryos to Obtain Transgenic Mosquitoes

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue fever.  The techniques for correctly preparing microinjection needles, dessicating embryos, and performing microinjection are demonstrated.

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue fever. The techniques for correctly preparing microinjection needles, dessicating embryos, and performing microinjection are demonstrated.

Microinjeção de embriões A. aegypti obter mosquitos transgênicos

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue ...

Biologia

Protocol for Plasmodium falciparum Infections in Mosquitoes and Infection Phenotype Determination

Once a gene is identified as potentially refractory for malaria, it must be evaluated for its role in preventing Plasmodium infections within the mosquito.    This protocol illustrates how the extent of plasmodium infections of mosquitoes can be assayed.  The techniques for preparing the gametocyte culture, membrane feeding mosquitoes human blood, and assaying viral titers in the mosquito midgut are demonstrated.

Once a gene is identified as potentially refractory for malaria, it must be evaluated for its role in preventing Plasmodium infections within the mosquito. This protocol illustrates how the extent of plasmodium infections of mosquitoes can be assayed. The techniques for preparing the gametocyte culture, membrane feeding mosquitoes human blood, and assaying viral titers in the mosquito midgut are demonstrated.

Protocolo para Infecções Plasmodium falciparum em mosquitos e Infecção Determinação Fenótipo

Once a gene is identified as potentially refractory for malaria, it must be evaluated for its role in preventing Plasmodium infections within the ...

Dissection of Midgut and Salivary Glands from Ae. aegypti Mosquitoes

The mosquito midgut and salivary glands are key entry and exit points for pathogens such as Plasmodium parasites and Dengue viruses. This video protocol demonstrates dissection techniques for removal of the midgut and salivary glands from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. 



The mosquito midgut and salivary glands are key entry and exit points for vector pathogens like Plasmodium falciparum and the dengue virus. This video demonstrates the dissection techniques for removing the midgut and salivary glands from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Dissecção das glândulas salivares e intestino médio de Ae. aegypti mosquitos

The mosquito midgut and salivary glands are key entry and exit points for pathogens such as Plasmodium parasites and Dengue viruses. This video protocol ...

Protocol for RNAi Assays in Adult Mosquitoes (A. gambiae)

Reverse genetic approaches have proven extremely useful for determining  which genes underly resistance to vector pathogens in mosquitoes.  This video protocol illustrates a method used by the Dimopoulos lab to inject dsRNA into Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, which harbor the malaria parasite.  The technique manipulating the injection setup and injecting dsRNA into the thorax is illustrated.

Protocol for RNAi Assays in Adult Mosquitoes A. gambiae

Reverse genetic approaches have proven extremely useful for determining which genes underly resistance to vector pathogens in mosquitoes. This video protocol illustrates a method used by the Dimopoulos lab to inject dsRNA into Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, which harbor the malaria parasite. The technique manipulating the injection setup and injecting dsRNA into the thorax is illustrated.

Protocolo para Ensaios RNAi em mosquitos adultos (A. gambiae)

Reverse genetic approaches have proven extremely useful for determining  which genes underly resistance to vector pathogens in mosquitoes.  This video ...

Preventing the Spread of Malaria and Dengue Fever Using Genetically Modified Mosquitoes

In this candid interview, Anthony A. James explains how mosquito genetics can be exploited to control malaria and dengue transmission.   Population replacement strategy, the idea that transgenic mosquitoes can be released into the wild to control disease transmission, is introduced, as well as the concept of genetic drive and the design criterion for an effective genetic drive system. The ethical considerations of releasing genetically-modified organisms into the wild are also discussed.

In this candid interview, Anthony A. James explains how mosquito genetics can be exploited to control malaria and dengue transmission. Population replacement strategy, the idea that transgenic mosquitoes can be released into the wild to control disease transmission, is introduced as well as the concept of genetic drive and the design criterion for an effective genetic drive system. The ethical considerations of releasing genetically-modified organisms into the wild are also discussed.

Impedir a propagação da malária e dengue por meio de mosquitos geneticamente modificados

In this candid interview, Anthony A. James explains how mosquito genetics can be exploited to control malaria and dengue transmission.   Population ...

Building a Better Mosquito: Identifying the Genes Enabling Malaria and Dengue Fever Resistance in A. gambiae and A. aegypti Mosquitoes

In this interview, George Dimopoulos focuses on the physiological mechanisms used by mosquitoes to combat Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus infections.   Explanation is given for how key refractory genes, those genes conferring resistance to vector pathogens, are identified in the mosquito and how this knowledge can be used to generate transgenic mosquitoes that are unable to carry the malaria parasite or dengue virus.

In this interview, George Dimopoulos focuses on the physiological mechanisms used by mosquitoes to combat Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus infections. Explanation is given for how key refractory genes, those genes conferring resistance to vector pathogens, are identified in the mosquito and how this knowledge can be used to generate transgenic mosquitoes that are unable to carry the malaria parasite or dengue virus.

Construção de uma melhor Mosquito: identificar os genes habilitação Malária e Dengue Febre Resistência em A. gambiae e A. aegypti mosquitos

In this interview, George Dimopoulos focuses on the physiological mechanisms used by mosquitoes to combat Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus ...

RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

This video protocol demonstrates an effective technique to knockdown a particular gene in an insect and conduct a novel bioassay to measure excretion rate. This method can be used to obtain a better understanding of the process of diuresis in insects and is especially useful in the study of diuresis in blood-feeding arthropods that are able to take up huge amounts of liquid in a single blood meal. 
This RNAi-mediated gene knockdown combined with an in vivo diuresis assay was developed by the Hansen lab to study the effects of RNAi-mediated knockdown of aquaporin genes on Aedes aegypti mosquito diuresis1. 
The protocol is setup in two parts: the first demonstration illustrates how to construct a simple mosquito injection device and how to prepare and inject dsRNA into the thorax of mosquitoes for RNAi-mediated gene knockdown. The second demonstration illustrates how to determine excretion rates in mosquitoes using an in vivo bioassay.

RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

In this protocol we combine RNAi-mediated gene silencing with an in vivo diuresis assay to study the effects knockdown of genes of interest has on mosquito fluid excretion.

RNAi mediada knockdown do gene e<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Ensaio diurese no Feminino Adulto<em&gt; Aedes aegypti</em&gt; Os mosquitos

This video protocol demonstrates an effective technique to knockdown a particular gene in an insect and conduct a novel bioassay to measure excretion ...

A Multi-detection Assay for Malaria Transmitting Mosquitoes

The Anopheles gambiae species complex includes the major malaria transmitting mosquitoes in Africa. Because these species are of such medical importance, several traits are typically characterized using molecular assays to aid in epidemiological studies. These traits include species identification, insecticide resistance, parasite infection status, and host preference. Since populations of the Anopheles gambiae complex are morphologically indistinguishable, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is traditionally used to identify species. Once the species is known, several downstream assays are routinely performed to elucidate further characteristics. For instance, mutations known as KDR in a para gene confer resistance against DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. Additionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) or Plasmodium parasite DNA detection PCR assays are used to detect parasites present in mosquito tissues. Lastly, a combination of PCR and restriction enzyme digests can be used to elucidate host preference (e.g., human vs. animal blood) by screening the mosquito bloodmeal for host-specific DNA. We have developed a multi-detection assay (MDA) that combines all of the aforementioned assays into a single multiplex reaction genotyping 33SNPs for 96 or 384 samples at a time. Because the MDA includes multiple markers for species, Plasmodium detection, and host blood identification, the likelihood of generating false positives or negatives is greatly reduced from previous assays that include only one marker per trait. This robust and simple assay can detect these key mosquito traits cost-effectively and in a fraction of the time of existing assays.

Malaria transmitting mosquitoes have a number of epidemiologically important characteristics that can only be detected using molecular techniques. Utilizing a MALDI-TOF based SNP genotyping platform, we developed an assay for simultaneously detecting multiple key traits (species, insecticide resistance, parasite infection and host choice) of malaria vectors.

Um ensaio para detecção multi-malária mosquitos transmissores

The Anopheles gambiae species complex includes the major malaria transmitting mosquitoes in Africa. Because these species are of such medical importance, ...

Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes experimentally infected with Wolbachia are being utilized in programs to control the spread of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes can be released into the field to either reduce population sizes through incompatible matings or to transform populations with mosquitoes that are refractory to virus transmission. For these strategies to succeed, the mosquitoes released into the field from the laboratory must be competitive with native mosquitoes. However, maintaining mosquitoes in the laboratory can result in inbreeding, genetic drift and laboratory adaptation which can reduce their fitness in the field and may confound the results of experiments. To test the suitability of different Wolbachia infections for deployment in the field, it is necessary to maintain mosquitoes in a controlled laboratory environment across multiple generations. We describe a simple protocol for maintaining Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in the laboratory, which is suitable for both Wolbachia-infected and wild-type mosquitoes. The methods minimize laboratory adaptation and implement outcrossing to increase the relevance of experiments to field mosquitoes. Additionally, colonies are maintained under optimal conditions to maximize their fitness for open field releases.

Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia are being released into natural populations to suppress the transmission of arboviruses. We describe methods to rear Ae. aegypti with Wolbachia infections in the laboratory for experiments and field release, taking precautions to minimize laboratory adaptation and selection.

Manter o Aedes aegypti , mosquitos infectados com Wolbachia

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes experimentally infected with Wolbachia are being utilized in programs to control the spread of arboviruses such as dengue, ...

Protocols for Testing the Toxicity of Novel Insecticidal Chemistries to Mosquitoes

New classes of insecticides with novel modes of action are needed to control insecticide resistant populations of mosquitoes that transmit diseases such as Zika, dengue and malaria. Assays for rapid, high-throughput analyses of unformulated novel chemistries against mosquito larvae and adults are presented. We describe protocols for single point-dose and dose response assays to evaluate the toxicity of small molecule chemistries to the Aedes aegypti vector of Zika, dengue and yellow fever,&#160;the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae and the northern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, on contact and via ingestion. As an example, we evaluated the toxicity of amitriptyline, a small molecule antagonist of G protein-coupled receptors, via larval, adult topical and adult blood-feeding assay. The protocols provide a starting point to investigate insecticide potential. Results are discussed in the context of additional experiments to explore product applications and mechanisms for delivery.

Protocols are described for assessing the toxicity of chemistries to immature and adult mosquitoes for development as new classes of larvicides, adulticides and endectocides. The protocols enable high-throughput testing of multiple chemistries at single-point dose and subsequent evaluation via dose response assay to determine toxicity on contact or via ingestion.

Protocolos para testar a toxicidade de romance químicas inseticidas para mosquitos

New classes of insecticides with novel modes of action are needed to control insecticide resistant populations of mosquitoes that transmit diseases such ...