Gostaríamos de agradecer ao pessoal da Psoríase UCSF e Centro de Tratamento de pele para o seu trabalho, especialmente o nosso Goeckerman Coordenador, Sarah Hulse RN

1. Avaliação e Preparação <ol><li> Realizar uma história completa e física antes de iniciar a terapia. Na história e informações importantes física do documento, como medicamentos atuais / passado, a resposta às terapias psoríase passado, qualquer história de reações adversas à luz ambiente ou fototerapia, a gravidade do prurido e qualidade do sono. </li><li> Configurar uma sala clínica com todo o material necessário para aplicação dérmica de medicamentos e oclusão [Ver Materiais Seção e na Figura 1]. Além disso, coloque outros materiais na sala, como luvas, plástico, meias e esfrega / vestidos de pijama. </li><li> Avaliar o paciente para eritema difuso e intenso antes de iniciar a terapia. </li><li> Se o paciente apresenta eritema generalizado ou intenso, realizar um procedimento de &quot;cool down&quot; (veja abaixo) até que o eritema é significativamente reduzida. Se nenhum eritema generalizado ou intensa é visto, vá para o &quot;fototerapia + tar&quot; passo. </li&gt; </ol> 2. Cool Down (se necessário) <ol><li> Aplicar corticosteróides tópicos para as áreas afetadas. Aplicar triancinolona 0,1% pomada para o tronco e extremidades, desonida 0,05% creme / pomada para o rosto / axilas / virilha, e fluocinolone óleo 0,01% ou triancinolona 0,1% loção para o couro cabeludo. Reserve clobetasol 0,05% pomada para áreas com inflamação mais intensa. </li><li> Ocluir os medicamentos tópicos com filme plástico para o tronco e extremidades, luvas impermeáveis ​​para as tampas de mão e chuveiro dentro de meias para os pés, e uma touca de banho para o couro cabeludo. </li><li> Resfriar o paciente até o eritema é significativamente reduzida (intervalo 3-14 dias). </li></ol> 3. Fototerapia + Tar <ol><li> Após o paciente termina a fase de arrefecimento, a fototerapia administrar por dia de manhã, antes da aplicação de alcatrão de hulha bruto [Figura 2]. Opções incluem fototerapia UVB de banda estreita (mais comumente usado em psoriasis) ou banda larga UVB (mais comumente usado em eczema). Determinar a dose inicial fototerapia por Fitzpatrick tipo de pele [ver Tabela 1 e na Tabela 2]. </li><li> Lentamente titular as doses subseqüentes de fototerapia para cima como tolerada. Dosagem regime e horário precisa ser individualizada com base na resposta do paciente à fototerapia. </li><li> Depois de fototerapia, aplicar 2% do alcatrão de carvão bruto (CCT), em Aquaphor topicamente para as áreas afetadas do corpo [Figura 3]. Se o paciente tem envolvimento do couro cabeludo, aplicar 20% carbonis detergens líquido (LCD), na nutraderm ao couro cabeludo. </li><li> Inicialmente, use 2% CCT (força mais baixa). Nos dias de tratamento subsequentes, aumentar a resistência do alcatrão, conforme tolerado pelo paciente a partir de 2% a 5% e depois a 10% para se obter melhores resultados. </li><li> Para as áreas mais espessas da psoríase, usar compostos de alcatrão com ácido salicílico (2% / 5% / 10% de ácido salicílico) para ajudar a reduzir o dimensionamento e endurecimento das placas. Inicialmente usar preparações de2% de ácido salicílico com 10% de CCT e dosear a percentagem de ácido salicílico para cima, conforme tolerado pelo doente nos dias subsequentes. O ácido salicílico pode ser contra-indicado em pacientes com úlcera gástrica ou diabetes. </li><li> Obstrua alcatrão tópico da mesma maneira como descrito no passo 2.2 para o processo de arrefecimento. </li><li> Mantenha medicamentos tópicos sobre a pele por pelo menos 4 horas. Após um mínimo de 4 horas, retire os materiais de oclusão e lavar o tar no chuveiro com óleo mineral e sabão [Figura 4]. </li><li> Dar ao paciente 20% LCD em Aquaphor e 20% em LCD nutraderm para aplicar no corpo e couro cabeludo, respectivamente, em casa. </li><li> Pacientes com eczema tendem a ter a pele sensível. Use 2% CCT, inicialmente, para pacientes com eczema. Tenha cuidado quando da titulação até 5% CCT, como pacientes com eczema tendem a ter a pele sensível. Não use 10% CCT (ou qualquer percentual de CCT superior a 5%) e não utilizar quaisquer preparações com ácido salicílico. </li></ol> 4.Avaliação diária <ol><li> Cada dia, realizar uma avaliação e avaliar a pele do paciente e da resposta ao tratamento. Avaliar especificamente para sensações de queimação, que podem indicar a incapacidade do paciente de tolerar a terapia de luz, ou coceira, o que pode indicar irritação do alcatrão e / ou filme plástico. </li><li> Se um paciente apresentou sinais de queima (sensação de queimadura, eritema significativo aumento, ou raramente aumentou coceira como um prenúncio de queimadura iminente se dosimetria é ainda maior), a dose de fototerapia diminuição ou não dar fototerapia naquele dia, pois pode ter sido causado por uma reacção fototóxica com a dose de luz UV anterior. </li><li> Não é raro que os pacientes têm diferentes respostas anatômicas regionais ea tolerabilidade da fototerapia. Para o tratamento óptimo, ajustar a quantidade da dose de fototerapia expostos a diferentes regiões do corpo, de acordo com a resposta do paciente. Por exemplo, se um paciente apresenta leve burning do tronco, então primeiro tratar o corpo todo com a dose de fototerapia abaixada, que cobrem o tronco, e dar luz adicional para as extremidades. </li></ol> 5. Planejamento de descarga e Manutenção <ol><li> Continuar o tratamento até que a doença Goeckerman é limpa eo paciente está pronta para ser descarregada. </li><li> Coloque pacientes em um programa de manutenção, que podem incluir a fototerapia ambulatorial e medicamentos tópicos </li><li> Administrar fototerapia ambulatorial três vezes por semana (pelo menos o primeiro mês). Eventualmente, a freqüência é gradualmente reduzida até duas vezes por semana e, em seguida, uma vez por semana) </li><li> Consultas medicações tópicas incluem: creme de triamcinolona / pomada para o corpo duas vezes diariamente, Clobetasol a lesões recalcitrantes (se necessário) duas vezes ao dia, com 20% de LCD em Aquaphor para o corpo e de 20% em nutraderm LCD para o couro cabeludo. </li><li> Dentro de um mês de descarga, agende uma visita de acompanhamento médico com o paciente para monitorar estado de doença. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Parisi, R., Symmons, D. P., Griffiths, C. E., Ashcroft, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+Epidemiology+of+Psoriasis:+A+Systematic+Review+of+Incidence+and+Prevalence.">Global Epidemiology of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review of Incidence and Prevalence.</a> The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. , (2012).</li><li>H, G. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+treatment+of+psoriasis.">The treatment of psoriasis.</a> Northwest Med. 24, 229-230 (1925).</li><li>Koo, J., Lebwohl, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Duration+of+remission+of+psoriasis+therapies.">Duration of remission of psoriasis therapies.</a> Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 41, 51-59 (1999).</li><li>Menter, A., Cram, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Goeckerman+regimen+in+two+psoriasis+day+care+centers.">The Goeckerman regimen in two psoriasis day care centers.</a> Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 9, 59-65 (1983).</li><li>Lee, E., Koo, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modern+modified+'ultra'+Goeckerman+therapy:+a+PASI+assessment+of+a+very+effective+therapy+for+psoriasis+resistant+to+both+prebiologic+and+biologic+therapies.">Modern modified 'ultra' Goeckerman therapy: a PASI assessment of a very effective therapy for psoriasis resistant to both prebiologic and biologic therapies.</a> The Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 16, 102-107 (2005).</li><li>Kim, I. H., West, C. E., Kwatra, S. G., Feldman, S. R., O'Neill, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+efficacy+of+biologics+in+psoriasis:+a+review.">Comparative efficacy of biologics in psoriasis: a review.</a> American journal of clinical dermatology. 13, 365-374 (2012).</li><li>Serrao, R., Davis, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Goeckerman+treatment+for+remission+of+psoriasis+refractory+to+biologic+therapy.">Goeckerman treatment for remission of psoriasis refractory to biologic therapy.</a> Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 60, 348-349 (2009).</li><li>Chern, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Positive+effect+of+modified+Goeckerman+regimen+on+quality+of+life+and+psychosocial+distress+in+moderate+and+severe+psoriasis.">Positive effect of modified Goeckerman regimen on quality of life and psychosocial distress in moderate and severe psoriasis.</a> Acta Dermato-venereologica. 91, 447-451 (2011).</li><li>Dennis, M., Bhutani, T., Koo, J., Liao, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Goeckerman+therapy+for+the+treatment+of+eczema:+a+practical+guide+and+review+of+efficacy.">Goeckerman therapy for the treatment of eczema: a practical guide and review of efficacy.</a> The Journal of Dermatological Treatment. , (2011).</li><li>Papp, K. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biologic+therapy+in+psoriasis:+perspectives+on+associated+risks+and+patient+management.">Biologic therapy in psoriasis: perspectives on associated risks and patient management.</a> Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. 16, 153-168 (2012).</li><li>Menter, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+of+care+for+the+management+of+psoriasis+and+psoriatic+arthritis:+Section+5.+Guidelines+of+care+for+the+treatment+of+psoriasis+with+phototherapy+and+photochemotherapy.">Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: Section 5. Guidelines of care for the treatment of psoriasis with phototherapy and photochemotherapy.</a> Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 62, 114-135 (2010).</li><li>de Miguel, R., el-Azhary, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficacy,+safety,+and+cost+of+Goeckerman+therapy+compared+with+biologics+in+the+treatment+of+moderate+to+severe+psoriasis.">Efficacy, safety, and cost of Goeckerman therapy compared with biologics in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis.</a> International Journal of Dermatology. 48, 653-658 (2009).</li><li>Busse, K., Koo, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Introducing+the+delayed+retinoid+burn:+a+case+report+and+discussion+of+this+potential+risk+of+retinoid-phototherapy+combination+management.">Introducing the delayed retinoid burn: a case report and discussion of this potential risk of retinoid-phototherapy combination management.</a> Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 64, 1011-1012 (2011).</li><li>Maughan, W. Z., Muller, S. A., Perry, H. O., Pittelkow, M. R., O'Brien, P. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Incidence+of+skin+cancers+in+patients+with+atopic+dermatitis+treated+with+ocal+tar.+A+25-year+follow-up+study.">Incidence of skin cancers in patients with atopic dermatitis treated with ocal tar. A 25-year follow-up study.</a> Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 3, 612-615 (1980).</li><li>Pittelkow, M. R., Perry, H. O., Muller, S. A., Maughan, W. Z., O'Brien, P. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skin+cancer+in+patients+with+psoriasis+treated+with+coal+tar.+A+25-year+follow-up+study.">Skin cancer in patients with psoriasis treated with coal tar. A 25-year follow-up study.</a> Archives of Dermatology. 117, 465-468 (1981).</li><li>Roelofzen, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=No+increased+risk+of+cancer+after+coal+tar+treatment+in+patients+with+psoriasis+or+eczema.">No increased risk of cancer after coal tar treatment in patients with psoriasis or eczema.</a> The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 130, 953-961 (2010).</li></ol>

Dr. Koo é um alto-falante para Abbott, Leo, e Stiefel, a GSK. Dr. Koo realiza pesquisas para a Amgen, Janssen, Novartis, Photomedex, Galderma, e Pfizer. Dr. Koo não tem estoques, emprego, ou associações de tabuleiro com qualquer empresa farmacêutica. Não há conflitos de interesse divulgados por quaisquer outros autores.

O protocolo Goeckerman Regimen descrito acima é utilizada na UCSF e pode ser variada de várias maneiras de acordo com a resposta do paciente à terapia. Uma vez que o paciente é visto e analisado todos os dias, o protocolo pode ser individualizado para cada paciente para assegurar uma eficácia máxima. O tratamento tradicional Goeckerman unicamente consistiu na utilização de CCT e fototerapia com UVB. 2 No entanto, o regime tem sido modificada para incluir o uso de corticosteróides tópicos (e por veze...

A psoríase é uma doença crónica da pele, imunomediada inflamatória que afecta aproximadamente 2-3% da população. 1 Um terço dos pacientes experimentam a psoríase generalizada que provoca efeitos físicos e psicológicos debilitantes. O regime Goeckerman, publicado em 1925 para o tratamento de psoríase generalizada, consiste em exposição a radiação ultravioleta B (UVB), luz e aplicação de alcatrão de hulha bruto (CCT). Dois Embora novos agentes internos, tais como os biológicos têm melhorado o tratamento da psoríase, terapia Goeckerman permanece como uma opção extremamente eficaz, proporcionando um longo período de remissão. 3,4 Em um estudo publicado realizado na UCSF, 100% dos pacientes em terapia Goeckerman alcançado PASI75 (75% de melhora da avaliação do Índice de Gravidade da Psoríase [PASI] da linha de base) por 3 meses. 5 Em comparação (embora não cabeça a cabeça), os pacientes sobre os produtos biológicos mais potentes alcançada apenas 67-68% PASI75 em 3 seg.ths. 6 O regime Goeckerman tem um início rápido e tem sido utilizado com sucesso no tratamento de pacientes com psoríase resistentes ou refractários para fototerapia interna medicamentos. 7 O regime Goeckerman também tem um perfil de toxicidade extremamente seguro com essencialmente nenhum efeito lateral internos, que são os riscos mais graves associados a outros tratamentos de psoríase. Além disso, a terapia tem sido mostrado ter um efeito significativo e positivo sobre a qualidade de vida de pacientes com psoríase generalizada 8. Goeckerman regime antigamente era administrada 24 horas por dia em uma unidade de internação até que o paciente foi liberado de sua psoríase. No entanto, devido a mudanças nos reembolsos e Managed Care, os pacientes passaram a ser tratados em instalações de creche para um mínimo de 4-8 horas / dia e 5 dias / semana até que a doença desaparece. Terapia Goeckerman foi inicialmente formulado para o tratamento de psoríase, mas uma versão modificadaRecentemente, tem sido utilizado para o tratamento de outras doenças da pele, tais como eczema com sucesso. O protocolo a seguir é utilizado na UCSF especificamente para a psoríase, mas pequenas mudanças nos procedimentos podem ser adaptados para o eczema, prurido generalizado, prurigo nodular, pitiríase liquenóide crônica, eritrodermia e outras doenças de pele relacionadas. 9 No entanto, é uma das terapias mais antigas disponíveis para a psoríase, há uma ausência de quaisquer vídeos publicados que demonstram o processo. Um vídeo pode ter um apelo mais amplo, uma vez que pode ser usado como um recurso para se referir a profissionais de saúde (médicos de cuidados primários e dermatologistas) para entender o processo e se sentir confortável recomendando a terapia. Um vídeo demonstrando o processo Goeckerman também será instrumental para educar os residentes e estudantes de medicina que não estão expostas ao regime uma vez que existem apenas algumas instituições esquerda que continuará a fornecer este tipo de iterapia ntensive. Um vídeo também será benéfico para os pacientes potenciais que estão interessados ​​em receber terapia Goeckerman.

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of Medication </td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2% Crude Coal Tar in White Petrolatum or Cetaphil</td>
			<td>Compounded at Pharmacy</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5% Crude Coal Tar in White Petrolatum or Cetaphil</td>
			<td>Compounded at Pharmacy</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% Crude Coal Tar in White Petrolatum +/- 2/5/10% Salicyclic Acid</td>
			<td>Compounded at Pharmacy</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% Crude Coal Tar in Cetaphil</td>
			<td>Compounded at Pharmacy</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20% Liquid Carbonis Detergenis in Nutraderm</td>
			<td>Compounded at Pharmacy</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20% Liquid Carbonis Detergenis in Aquaphor or Cetaphil</td>
			<td>Compounded at Pharmacy</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triamcinolone 0.1% ointment/cream/lotion</td>
			<td>Prescription Medication - Generic</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Desonide 0.05% cream/ointment</td>
			<td>Prescription Medication - Generic</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluocinolone 0.01% oil</td>
			<td>Prescription Medication - Generic</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clobetasol 0.05% ointment/cream</td>
			<td>Prescription Medication - Generic</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrophillic Ointment</td>
			<td>Over the Counter - Generic</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mineral Oil</td>
			<td>Over the Counter - Generic</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of Equipment </td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Narrow-Band Phototherapy Unit</td>
			<td>National Biologic Corporation</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Broad-Band Phototherapy Unit</td>
			<td>National Biologic Corporation</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the goeckerman regimen for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis

A psoríase é uma doença de pele crônica, imunomediada inflamatória que afecta cerca de 2-3% da população. O regime Goeckerman consiste de exposição à radiação ultravioleta B (UVB) luz e aplicação de alcatrão de carvão bruto (CCT). Terapia Goeckerman é extremamente eficaz e relativamente seguro para o tratamento da psoríase e para a melhoria da qualidade da vida de um paciente. No artigo a seguir, apresentamos nosso protocolo para a terapia Goeckerman que é utilizado especificamente na Universidade da Califórnia, em San Francisco. Detalhes deste protocolo a preparação de materiais, administração de fototerapia e aplicação tópica de alcatrão. Este protocolo descreve também a forma de avaliar o paciente diariamente, para monitorizar os efeitos adversos (incluindo prurido e queimadura), e ajustar o tratamento baseado na resposta do paciente. No entanto, é uma das terapias mais antigas disponíveis para a psoríase, há uma ausência de quaisquer vídeos publicados demonstrando o processo em detail. O vídeo é benéfica para os profissionais de saúde que querem administrar a terapia, para os estagiários que querem aprender mais sobre o processo, e para os pacientes em perspectiva que querem se submeter a tratamento para sua doença cutânea.

Num estudo realizado no nosso centro da Universidade da Califórnia, San Francisco, PASI75 resposta (uma melhoria de 75% no índice de Gravidade de Avaliação Psoríase) foi obtido em 100% dos pacientes que receberam Goeckerman (n = 25) durante um período de tempo de 3 meses . 5 24/25 pacientes necessitaram apenas 2 meses para atingir PASI75, enquanto o paciente obteve uma resposta restante PASI75 aos 3 meses. Em outro estudo, Menter et ai. Administrou o regime Goeckerman para 300 pacientes e 100% ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis at JoVE.com

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis

A psoríase é uma doença da pele inflamatória crónica imunomediada. O regime Goeckerman, formulado para o tratamento de psoríase, consiste em exposição a radiação ultravioleta B (UVB), luz e aplicação de alcatrão de hulha bruto (CCT). O protocolo seguinte é para a administração de terapia Goeckerman para o tratamento de psoríase moderada a grave.

O regime Goeckerman para o tratamento de psoríase moderada a grave

Psoriasis is a  chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease affecting approximately 2-3%  of the population. The Goeckerman regimen consists of ...

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38.7K visualizações.  University of Southern California. A psoríase é uma doença da pele inflamatória crónica imunomediada. O regime Goeckerman, formulado para o tratamento de psoríase, consiste em exposição a radiação ultravioleta B (UVB), luz e aplicação de alcatrão de hulha bruto (CCT). O protocolo seguinte é para a administração de terapia Goeckerman para o tratamento de psoríase moderada a grave.

Vídeo: The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis

Bronchial Thermoplasty:  A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Bronchial thermoplasty is a non-drug procedure for severe persistent asthma that delivers thermal energy to the airway wall in a precisely controlled manner to reduce excessive airway smooth muscle. Reducing airway smooth muscle decreases the ability of the airways to constrict, thereby reducing the frequency of asthma attacks. Bronchial thermoplasty is delivered by the Alair System and is performed in three outpatient procedure visits, each scheduled approximately three weeks apart. The first procedure treats the airways of the right lower lobe, the second treats the airways of the left lower lobe and the third and final procedure treats the airways in both upper lobes. After all three procedures are performed the bronchial thermoplasty treatment is complete.
Bronchial thermoplasty is performed during bronchoscopy with the patient under moderate sedation. All accessible airways distal to the mainstem bronchi between 3 and 10 mm in diameter, with the exception of the right middle lobe, are treated under bronchoscopic visualization. Contiguous and non-overlapping activations of the device are used, moving from distal to proximal along the length of the airway, and systematically from airway to airway as described previously. Although conceptually straightforward, the actual execution of bronchial thermoplasty is quite intricate and procedural duration for the treatment of a single lobe is often substantially longer than encountered during routine bronchoscopy. As such, bronchial thermoplasty should be considered a complex interventional bronchoscopy and is intended for the experienced bronchoscopist. Optimal patient management is critical in any such complex and longer duration bronchoscopic procedure. This article discusses the importance of careful patient selection, patient preparation, patient management, procedure duration, postoperative care and follow-up to ensure that bronchial thermoplasty is performed safely.
Bronchial thermoplasty is expected to complement asthma maintenance medications by providing long-lasting asthma control and improving asthma-related quality of life of patients with severe asthma. In addition, bronchial thermoplasty has been demonstrated to reduce severe exacerbations (asthma attacks) emergency rooms visits for respiratory symptoms, and time lost from work, school and other daily activities due to asthma.

Bronchial thermoplasty is a non-drug procedure for severe persistent asthma that delivers thermal energy to the airway wall in a precisely controlled manner to reduce excessive airway smooth muscle. Reducing airway smooth muscle decreases the ability of the airways to constrict, thereby reducing the frequency of asthma attacks.

Termoplastia brônquica: uma nova abordagem terapêutica para Asma Grave

Bronchial thermoplasty is a non-drug procedure for severe persistent asthma that delivers thermal energy to the airway wall in a precisely controlled ...

Medicina

Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors

Percutaneous thermal ablation is an emerging treatment option for many tumors of the abdomen not amenable to conventional treatments. During a thermal ablation procedure, a thin applicator is guided into the target tumor under imaging guidance. Energy is then applied to the tissue until temperatures rise to cytotoxic levels (50-60 &deg;C). Various energy sources are available to heat biological tissues, including radiofrequency (RF) electrical current, microwaves, laser light and ultrasonic waves. Of these, RF and microwave ablation are most commonly used worldwide.
During RF ablation, alternating electrical current (~500 kHz) produces resistive heating around the interstitial electrode. Skin surface electrodes (ground pads) are used to complete the electrical circuit. RF ablation has been in use for nearly 20 years, with good results for local tumor control, extended survival and low complication rates1,2. Recent studies suggest RF ablation may be a first-line treatment option for small hepatocellular carcinoma and renal-cell carcinoma3-5. However, RF heating is hampered by local blood flow and high electrical impedance tissues (eg, lung, bone, desiccated or charred tissue)6,7. Microwaves may alleviate some of these problems by producing faster, volumetric heating8-10. To create larger or conformal ablations, multiple microwave antennas can be used simultaneously while RF electrodes require sequential operation, which limits their efficiency. Early experiences with microwave systems suggest efficacy and safety similar to, or better than RF devices11-13.
Alternatively, cryoablation freezes the target tissues to lethal levels (-20 to -40 &deg;C). Percutaneous cryoablation has been shown to be effective against RCC and many metastatic tumors, particularly colorectal cancer, in the liver14-16. Cryoablation may also be associated with less post-procedure pain and faster recovery for some indications17. Cryoablation is often contraindicated for primary liver cancer due to underlying coagulopathy and associated bleeding risks frequently seen in cirrhotic patients. In addition, sudden release of tumor cellular contents when the frozen tissue thaws can lead to a potentially serious condition known as cryoshock 16.
Thermal tumor ablation can be performed at open surgery, laparoscopy or using a percutaneous approach. When performed percutaneously, the ablation procedure relies on imaging for diagnosis, planning, applicator guidance, treatment monitoring and follow-up. Ultrasound is the most popular modality for guidance and treatment monitoring worldwide, but computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly used as well. Contrast-enhanced CT or MRI are typically employed for diagnosis and follow-up imaging.

A thermal tumor ablation procedure is described. The entire procedure is detailed, including pretreatment planning and imaging studies, anesthesia, adjuvant techniques to facilitate a percutaneous approach, imaging guidance of the ablation device to the tumor, thermal treatment, post-treatment care and follow-up.

Ablação térmica para o tratamento de tumores abdominais

Percutaneous thermal ablation is an emerging treatment option for many tumors of the abdomen not amenable to conventional treatments. During a thermal ...

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current estimates put the prevalence of amblyopia at approximately 1-3%1-3, the majority of cases being monocular2. Amblyopia is most frequently caused by ocular misalignment (strabismus), blur induced by unequal refractive error (anisometropia), and in some cases by form deprivation.
Although amblyopia is initially caused by abnormal visual input in infancy, once established, the visual deficit often remains when normal visual input has been restored using surgery and/or refractive correction. This is because amblyopia is the result of abnormal visual cortex development rather than a problem with the amblyopic eye itself4,5 . Amblyopia is characterized by both monocular and binocular deficits6,7 which include impaired visual acuity and poor or absent stereopsis respectively. The visual dysfunction in amblyopia is often associated with a strong suppression of the inputs from the amblyopic eye under binocular viewing conditions8. Recent work has indicated that suppression may play a central role in both the monocular and binocular deficits associated with amblyopia9,10 .
Current clinical tests for suppression tend to verify the presence or absence of suppression rather than giving a quantitative measurement of the degree of suppression. Here we describe a technique for measuring amblyopic suppression with a compact, portable device11,12 . The device consists of a laptop computer connected to a pair of virtual reality goggles. The novelty of the technique lies in the way we present visual stimuli to measure suppression. Stimuli are shown to the amblyopic eye at high contrast while the contrast of the stimuli shown to the non-amblyopic eye are varied. Patients perform a simple signal/noise task that allows for a precise measurement of the strength of excitatory binocular interactions. The contrast offset at which neither eye has a performance advantage is a measure of the "balance point" and is a direct measure of suppression. This technique has been validated psychophysically both in control13,14 and patient6,9,11 populations.
In addition to measuring suppression this technique also forms the basis of a novel form of treatment to decrease suppression over time and improve binocular and often monocular function in adult patients with amblyopia12,15,16 . This new treatment approach can be deployed either on the goggle system described above or on a specially modified iPod touch device15.

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex that is often accompanied by strong suppression of one eye. We present a new technique for measuring and treating interocular suppression in patients with amblyopia that can be deployed using virtual reality goggles or a portable iPod Touch device.

A Medição e Tratamento de Supressão de ambliopia

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current ...

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions

Diseases of the retina are difficult to treat as the retina lies deep within the eye. Invasive methods of drug delivery are often needed to treat these diseases. Chronic retinal diseases such as retinal oedema or neovascularization usually require multiple intraocular injections to effectively treat the condition. However, the risks associated with these injections increase with repeated delivery of the drug. Therefore, alternative delivery methods need to be established in order to minimize the risks of reinjection. Several other investigations have developed methods to deliver drugs over extended time, through materials capable of releasing chemicals slowly into the eye. In this investigation, we outline the use of Elvax 40W, a copolymer resin, to act as a vehicle for drug delivery to the adult rat retina. The resin is made and loaded with the drug. The drug-resin complex is then implanted into the vitreous cavity, where it will slowly release the drug over time. This method was tested using 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), a glutamate analogue that blocks the light response of the retina. It was demonstrated that the APB was slowly released from the resin, and was able to block the retinal response by 7 days after implantation. This indicates that slow-release drug delivery using this copolymer resin is effective for treating the retina, and could be used therapeutically with further testing.

This paper details how Elvax 40W can be used as a slow-release method for drug delivery to the adult rat retina. The protocol for preparing, loading, and delivering the drug-resin complex to the eye is described.

De liberação lenta Drug Delivery através Elvax 40W para o Rat Retina: implicações para o tratamento de condições crônicas

Diseases of the retina are difficult to treat as the retina lies deep within the eye. Invasive methods of drug delivery are often needed to treat these ...

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Approximately 30% of epilepsy patients are refractory to antiepileptic drugs. In these cases, surgery is the only alternative to eliminate/control seizures. However, a significant minority of patients continues to exhibit post-operative seizures, even in those cases in which the suspected source of seizures has been correctly localized and resected. The protocol presented here combines a clinical procedure routinely employed during the pre-operative evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with a novel technique for network analysis. The method allows for the evaluation of the temporal evolution of mesial network parameters. The bilateral insertion of foramen ovale electrodes (FOE) into the ambient cistern simultaneously records electrocortical activity at several mesial areas in the temporal lobe. Furthermore, network methodology applied to the recorded time series tracks the temporal evolution of the mesial networks both interictally and during the seizures. In this way, the presented protocol offers a unique way to visualize and quantify measures that considers the relationships between several mesial areas instead of a single area.

This protocol describes a procedure to track the evolution of mesial network measures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. It is based on the combination of intracranial recordings with a novel numerical technique for data analysis. Specifically, we present a protocol for network analyses of foramen ovale recordings.

Análise de Redes de forame oval Eletrodo Recordings na epilepsia do lobo temporal Os pacientes resistentes a drogas

Approximately 30% of epilepsy patients are refractory to antiepileptic drugs. In these cases, surgery is the only alternative to eliminate/control ...

2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine Polymer Treatment of Complete Dentures to Inhibit Denture Plaque Deposition

Removable dentures made of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are prone to bacterial adherence and dental plaque formation, which is called denture plaque. Denture plaque-associated infection is a source of serious dental and medical complications in the elderly. 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) is a well-known biomedical material that exhibits marked antithrombogenicity and tissue compatibility because of its high resistance to protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Therefore, MPC polymer coatings are suggested to have the potential to inhibit plaque deposition on the surface of PMMA dentures. However, coating MPC polymer on the surface of a PMMA denture is a complex procedure that requires specialized equipment, which is regarded as a major barrier to its clinical application. 
Here, we introduce a new MPC polymer treatment procedure that uses poly (MPC-co-BMA-co-MPAz) (PMBPAz) to prevent denture plaque deposition on removable dentures. This procedure enables the MPC coating of PMMA denture surfaces in a simple and stable manner that is resistant to various chemical and mechanical stresses due to the MPC layer of PMBPAz that is covalently bound to the PMMA surface by ultraviolet light irradiation. In addition, the procedure does not require any specialized equipment and can be completed by clinicians within 2 min. We applied this procedure in a clinical setting and demonstrated its clinical utility and efficacy in inhibiting plaque deposition on removable dentures.

Removable poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) dentures are prone to bacterial adherence and plaque formation. Denture plaque-associated infection is a source of serious dental and medical complications in the elderly. This paper introduces a novel protocol to treat PMMA dentures with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer, poly(MPC-co-BMA-co-MPAz), to suppress plaque deposition on PMMA dentures.

2-metacriloíloxietil Phosphorylcholina Polymer Tratamento de próteses totais para inibir dentadura Plaque Deposition

Removable dentures made of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are prone to bacterial adherence and dental plaque formation, which is called denture plaque. ...

Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Dry Eye Owing to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Dry eye disease (DED) is an increasingly common condition and one of the most common complaints of patients. The vast majority of DED is caused by the so-called &#34;evaporative&#34; subtype, that is mainly caused by meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Intense pulsed light (IPL) devices employ high intensity pulses of polychromatic lights with a broad range of wavelength (515-1200 nm). IPL treatment has been utilized for years in the field of dermatology, and then its use was applied to ophthalmology for the treatment of MGD. Recently, a new device employing IPL was specifically designed for the periocular application. This procedure determines the thermal selective coagulation and ablation of superficial blood vessels and telangiectasias of the eyelids skin, reducing the release of inflammatory mediators and tear cytokines levels, and improving meibomian glands outflow. IPL treatment is noninvasive and easy to perform, lasts for only a few minutes and can be conducted in an office setting. In the present study, 19 patients underwent 3 sessions of IPL treatment. After treatment, both mean noninvasive break-up time and lipid layer thickness grade significantly increased, as a result of an improvement of tear film stability and quality, respectively. Conversely, no statistically significant changes were found for meibomian gland loss and tear osmolarity. Furthermore, the vast majority of the treated patients (17/19; 89.5% of the total) perceived an improvement of their ocular discomfort symptoms after IPL treatment. Although IPL treatment provides an improvement of both ocular surface parameters and ocular discomfort symptoms after one cycle of three sessions, regular repeated treatments are usually required to maintain the persistence over the time of its beneficial effects.

Dry eye disease is an increasingly common condition, which strongly impair patients&#39; life quality. Recently, a new device employing intense pulsed light, specifically designed for the periocular area, has been shown to improve tear film stability and ocular discomfort symptoms in dry eye disease owing to meibomian gland dysfunction.

Intensa luz pulsada para o tratamento de olho seco devido à disfunção da glândula meibomiana

Dry eye disease (DED) is an increasingly common condition and one of the most common complaints of patients. The vast majority of DED is caused by the ...

Establishment of a Mouse Severe Acute Pancreatitis Model using Retrograde Injection of Sodium Taurocholate into the Biliopancreatic Duct

The prevalence of acute pancreatitis (AP), especially severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), is increasing in younger age groups annually. However, there is a lack of effective treatments in the current clinical practice. With the easy accessibility of transgenic and knockout strains and their small size, which allows minimal doses of drugs required for in vivo evaluation, a well-established experimental model in mice is preferred for AP research. Moreover, SAP induced through sodium taurocholate (TC) is currently one of the most widely used and best characterized models. This model has been investigated for novel therapies and possible molecular events during the process of AP. Here, we present the generation of an AP mouse model using sodium taurocholate and a simple homemade microsyringe. Moreover, we also provide the methodology for the subsequent histology and serological testing.

A mouse model of severe acute pancreatitis is described herein. The procedure presented here is very rapid, simple, and accessible, thereby potentially allowing the study of the molecular mechanisms and different therapeutic interventions in acute pancreatitis in a convenient way.

Estabelecimento de um modelo de pancreatite aguda grave do rato usando injeção retrógrada de taurocholate de sódio no ducto biliopancreático

The prevalence of acute pancreatitis (AP), especially severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), is increasing in younger age groups annually. However, there is a ...

Laparoscopy-endoscopy Cooperative Surgery for the Treatment of Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

In view of the shortcomings of endoscopic or laparoscopic surgeries alone in the treatment of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (G-GISTs), this approach makes an innovative improvement in the treatment of G-GISTs that are less than 5 cm in size. Laparoscopy-endoscopy cooperative surgery (LECS) is used to combine endoscopic and laparoscopic surgeries, fully realizing their respective advantages and avoiding their drawbacks. The main steps are as follows. First, gastroscopy and laparoscopy are combined to confirm the location and boundary of the tumor. Tumor resection is carried out laparoscopically, guided by a gastroscope. The specimen is removed orally and the gastric wound closed laparoscopically. Then, gastroscopy and laparoscopy are combined to determine whether there is wound bleeding, if the suture is satisfactory, and if the gastric cavity is deformed.
LECS has natural advantages in the treatment of G-GISTs that are less than 5 cm in size. The accurate estimation of tumor location and boundary greatly improves the complete resection rate of tumors. The risk of tumor rupture is substantially reduced, and the long-term prognosis of patients is significantly improved. The process allows for accurate resection of the tumor, maximum preservation of normal gastric tissue and organ function, and avoids postoperative gastric deformation. The patient's postoperative rehabilitation is greatly accelerated, and oral feeding can resume on the day of the operation. The specimen is taken out through the mouth to avoid the need for an extended abdominal incision. This greatly reduces the patient's postoperative pain and scarring. The method greatly shortens the postoperative hospital stay (i.e., discharge is possible on the day after the operation), increasing the turnover of hospital beds.

Laparoscopy-endoscopy cooperative surgery is appropriate for the treatment of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors less than 5 cm in size. It can achieve the respective advantages of endoscopic and laparoscopic surgeries while avoiding their drawbacks.

Cirurgia Cooperativa de Laparoscopia-endoscopia para o Tratamento de Tumores Estrômicos Gástricos

In view of the shortcomings of endoscopic or laparoscopic surgeries alone in the treatment of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (G-GISTs), this ...

Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst

Epididymal cysts mostly occur in men aged 20-40 years old. Previous reports have covered concerns about postoperative complexes, including postoperative asoedema, hematoma, sustaining pain, and seminal tract obstruction in patients who have undertaken nonmicroscopic epididymal cyst resection or epididymal resection. Nonmicroscopic epididymal cyst surgery is suggested for patients with childbirth plans as a precaution. The treatment of male epididymal cysts via microtechnology is obviously a beneficial option; we took the lead in carrying out microscopic epididymal exploration and cyst resection surgery in China. From September 2017 to April 2021, 41 young and middle-aged male patients diagnosed with epididymal cysts underwent microtechnology treatment in a program titled &#34;microscopic epididymal exploration and cystectomy&#34;. The postoperative follow-up lasted for 3-50 months. The results confirmed that, as microscopic manipulation largely improved visualization of the subtle tissue structures of the epididymis, the cyst could be clearly dissected apart and completely removed intact under the microscope. Bleeding during the operation was significantly reduced (2-3 mL) and wound drainage was not required. According to follow-up data, microscopic treatment significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative scrotal hematoma, edema, and long-term postoperative pain, thereby promising a higher surgical success rate as well as recurrence prevention. Besides, preliminary experience and reflection suggest that microscopic epididymal exploration and cystectomy provide efficient preservation of the epididymal patency through refined treatment, while a better prognosis can be achieved. We recommend that surgery be carried out before the epididymal cyst develops to 0.8 cm in diameter, for fear that a larger epididymal cyst (&#62;0.9 cm in diameter) could cause the complete destruction of all tubules of the ipsilateral epididymis - a more severe case with damage to the testicular output network.

Here, we present a protocol to treat patients diagnosed with an epididymal cyst using microscopic cyst resection. Based on microscopic manipulation, a largely improved visualization of the subtle tissue structures of the epididymis was obtained, so the cyst could be clearly dissected apart and completely removed intact.

Ressecção de Cisto Microscópico para Tratamento de Pacientes Diagnosticados com Cisto Epididimal

Epididymal cysts mostly occur in men aged 20-40 years old. Previous reports have covered concerns about postoperative complexes, including postoperative ...