The authors would like to thank Joshua Kimani, clinical director of the research program at the University of Nairobi, for his assistance with mucosal immunology studies related to this protocol. The authors would like to acknowledge funding from CHVI grant MOP 86721.

Declaração de ética: a ética conselhos de administração da Universidade de Manitoba e Kenyatta National Hospital / Universidade de Nairobi de pesquisa aprovado este estudo e consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes do estudo. 1. Preparação de Mídia e CMC Coleção Tubes <ol><li> Preparar a solução (PBS) (NaCl 137,93 mM, KCl 2,67 mM, 8,1 mM de Na 2 HPO 4, 1,47 mM, KH 2 PO 4) tampão fosfato salino. Autoclave para esterilidade. Este pode ser armazenado a 4 ° C durante vários meses. </li><li> Pré-alíquota de 5 ml PBS em 50 ml tubo falcon (uma por amostra a ser coletado) e armazenar a 4 º C até o tempo de coleta de amostras. </li><li> Rotular 2-4 criotubos ou 1,5 ml microtubos por amostra para coletar lavagem para armazenamento. </li><li> Preparar meios de cultura celular: RPMI 1640 + 1% de penicilina / estreptomicina / anfotericina B (concentração final de 100 unidades / ml, 100 ug / ml e 250 ng / ml, respectively, sem FCS / FBS acrescentou. </li></ol> 2. Coleta de Amostras cytobrush Coleta de amostras cytobrush é um procedimento não-invasivo, que deve ser realizada por um médico ou ginecologista treinado. <ol><li> Coletar células mononucleares do colo do útero (CMC) usando tanto um cytobrush e um raspador de madeira ou de plástico. Colete CMC do participante sob exame especular, inserindo o raspador e girando ao redor do orifício cervical (Figura 1). Insira o cytobrush no SO endocervical, gira 360 ° e coloque imediatamente tanto o cytobrush e raspador no tubo falcon 50 ml contendo 5 ml de PBS. </li><li> Manter as amostras em gelo / a 4 º C até o processamento. Para manter a viabilidade celular, amostras de processos dentro de 2 horas da coleta. </li><li> Se possível, coletar amostras de sangue compensadas em top vacutainers heparina verdes para células mononucleares do sangue periférico (PBMC) de isolamento para servir como um comparador / controle para análise CMC. </li&gt; </ol> 3. Isolamento de CMC Executar o processamento de amostras em um laboratório de biossegurança nível 2, em uma cabine de segurança biológica estéril com luvas duplas. <ol><li> Durante a coleta, as amostras de CMC podem ser contaminados com sangue. Excluir amostras com contaminação de sangue visível a partir do estudo, a fim de evitar a inclusão de confusão de PBMC na amostra final. Devido ao baixo número de linfócitos isolados a partir de amostras de CMC, contaminação sanguínea menor pode facilmente sobrecarregar o componente de linfócitos CMC. </li><li> Tubos Vortex falcon contendo tanto o cytobrush e raspador para 45 seg dissociar células das escovas. As amostras podem tornar espumoso durante este processo; isso é normal. </li><li> Use o cytobrush para raspar qualquer material restante fora do raspador, e descartar o raspador em uma solução de água sanitária. Para coletar as células continuem ligadas ao escova / raspador, use uma luva fresca para espremer o raspador entre o polegar eo indicador.Deslize a escova, permitindo que as células e PBS a ser recolhidos no mesmo tubo de 50 ml. Descarte o cytobrush em uma solução de água sanitária, e descarte a luva. IMPORTANTE: Use uma luva nova para cada amostra. </li><li> Instale um filtro de células 100 mm de nylon para um novo tubo de 50 ml falcão. Usando uma pipeta de transferência, recolher a suspensão PBS-célula do tubo de amostra e filtra-se através do filtro para dentro do tubo fresco. </li><li> Adicionar 5 ml de meio RPMI 1640 para o tubo de amostra original. Utilizando a pipeta de transferência, lavar os lados do tubo de ensaio com o meio RPMI, e transferir através do filtro para o novo tubo de recolha. Lava-se a parte inferior do filtro de nylon, com o meio RPMI bem. </li><li> Centrifugar as amostras durante 10 min a 514 x g. É crucial para deixar o freio de centrifugação, durante este passo, a fim de evitar desalojamento do sedimento CMC. </li><li> Remova cuidadosamente o sobrenadante do tubo, tomando cuidado para não perturbar o sedimento. Tamanho da pelota será altamente variável; no modome amostras, o sedimento é muito grande, devido à presença de grandes números de células epiteliais, enquanto em outros casos, a pelete é pouco visível e altamente transparente. </li><li> Ressuspender o sedimento por agitação suave do tubo falcon. Adicionar 5 ml de PBS para lavar a amostra. </li><li> Centrifugar novamente durante 10 min a 514 x g sem travão de centrifuga. </li><li> Cuidadosamente descarte do sobrenadante e re-suspensão da pelota como acima. As células estão prontas para qualquer criopreservação (usando um protocolo de criopreservação PBMC), a estimulação ou citometria de fluxo fenotipagem. </li></ol> 4. CMC manchas na superfície e Citometria de Fluxo <ol><li> Ressuspender o sedimento do passo de 3,10 em 100 ul de solução de bloqueio e transferir quer numa placa de 96 poços ou de tubo de FACS. A solução de bloqueio (para bloquear os receptores Fcy) receita é como se segue: 1,8 ul de IgG (concentração final de 0,2 ug / ul), 5 ul de FBS e 93,2 ul de lavagem de FACS (PBS 2% de FBS).A coloração pode ser realizada em uma placa de 96 poços que os tamanhos de aglomerados são suficientemente pequenas, mas podem precisar de ser realizada em tubos de FACS se pelotas são rotineiramente grande. É importante para a titulação de anticorpos em conformidade. </li><li> Bloquear as amostras durante 10 min em gelo / a 4 ° C. </li><li> Lavar as células com 100 ul de FACS de lavagem (PBS 2% de FBS) em placas de 96 poços, ou 500 ul em tubos de FACS. Centrifugar a 600 xg por 10 minutos a 4 ° C com o freio baixo (ou fora, se um nível baixo de freio não estiver disponível). </li><li> Remover o sobrenadante e ressuspender o sedimento de células por agitação. Adicionar Stain viabilidade (corante de viabilidade solucionáveis ​​Morto Live). Prepare corante de viabilidade de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. Ela pode necessitar de ser ajustada para uso em cada configuração de laboratório / citómetro. Incubar durante 30 min no escuro a 4 ° C. </li><li> Lave as células 100 μl/500 ul de PBS (para tubos de placa / FACS de 96 poços). Centrifugar a 600 xg por 10 min com baixo / nenhum freio. Remover supernatant e ressuspender as células. </li><li> Incubar as células com o cocktail de anticorpos de marcadores de superfície, num volume total de 100 ul. IMPORTANTE: Otimizar e titular cada citometria de fluxo do painel antes de provar coloração. Incubar as células durante 30 min no escuro a 4 ° C. </li><li> Repita o passo 4.5. Se a coloração em uma placa de 96 poços, as células de transferência para um tubo de FACS e diluir para um volume final de 750 ul de FACS de lavagem contendo 1% de paraformaldeído (PFA) (ou Cytofix, diluídos 1 para 4). Continuar a aquisição de dados em um citómetro de fluxo. </li></ol> 5. Coleta e Preparação de colo do útero Vaginal Lavage (CVL) <ol><li> Antes da amostragem cytobrush, utilizar uma seringa, para lavar o endocérvix com 2 ml de PBS estéril e aspirar a lavagem do saco posterior. </li><li> Colete a amostra do lavado aspirado em um tubo falcon de 15 ml e manter em gelo / a 4 º C até o processamento. </li><li> Amostra Centrifugar a 400 g durante 7 min para remover os restos celulares. </li><li> Collect o sobrenadante, alíquota da amostra em 1 ml ou 500 mL alíquotas e armazenar a -70 ° C. As alíquotas podem ser descongelados para ELISA ou análise disposição talão de proteínas CVL, mas evite múltiplos ciclos de congelamento / descongelamento. </li><li> Se desejado, ressuspender o sedimento de restos celulares em ARN Posterior para medir a expressão de ARN seguindo o protocolo do fabricante. </li></ol> 6. Aquisição de Dados <ol><li> Preparar um conjunto de tubos de compensação que corresponde painel de anticorpos. Execute os tubos de compensação para ajustar sobreposição espectral. Execute as amostras de qualquer fluxo multicolor citômetro que está configurada para os anticorpos conjugados com fluorocromos utilizados no painel. </li><li> Adquirir uma amostra PBMC primeiro para ajustar Forward Scatter (FSC) e Side Scatter tensão (SSC), a fim de detectar a população de linfócitos. Tente mantê-los em 100 em cada eixo em uma escala linear. Executando um controle PBMC irá facilitar significativamente para encontrar a população de linfócitos CMC. </li><li> O limiar do FSC para amostras de CMC pode precisar de ser aumentada relativamente a amostras de PBMC devido a manchar-se o eixo de SSC a baixos valores de FSC. </li><li> Vortex cada tubo antes de adquirir. Adquirir todo o tubo para maximizar o número de eventos de porta de linfócitos recolhidos. Monitore a máquina com cuidado para evitar entupimento. </li><li> Exportar os dados em um programa de análise por citometria de fluxo, tais como FlowJo. </li></ol> 7. Estratégia de propagação <ol><li> Selecione Encaminhar dispersão lateral elevada (FSC-H) / área de dispersão lateral para a frente (FSC-A) para determinar a população singlet. </li><li> Selecione Tempo contra marcador fluorescente (como exemplo FITC) para controlar a qualidade da aquisição. Alteração da taxa de fluxo pode introduzir artefatos nos dados. Excluir qualquer área que mostra discrepância na taxa de fluxo. </li><li> Identificar a população de linfócitos em SSC-A/FSC-A trama. Use um controle PBMC para facilitar a identificação. Note-se que a população de linfócitos CMC pode não ser tão clara como o controle PBMC. &lt;/ Li&gt; <li> Portão em SSC-A/viability tingir para excluir as células mortas de células vivas. As células mortas pode não especificamente incorporar os anticorpos, que vai introduzir artefatos. </li><li> Porta na SSC-A/CD3 para identificar a população de células T. Deste portão, identificar as populações de células CD4 + e CD8 +. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Dadas as grandes lacunas de conhecimento no que diz respeito à imunidade no trato genital feminino (FGT), análise fenotípica de CMC pode fornecer uma ampla gama de conhecimentos em várias populações linfocitárias no colo do útero. Juntamente com análise proteômica e medições da carga viral no lavado cervical, imunidade a infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) s e outros patógenos pode ser dissecada em várias populações. Considerações técnicas - CMC:...

A maioria das novas infecções pelo HIV em todo o mundo surgem através de transmissão heterossexual, com as mulheres representando 47% das novas infecções em 2011 (UNAIDS 1). Compreender o trato genital feminino (FGT), um dos principais portais de entrada para o HIV e outros patógenos sexualmente transmissíveis, é de grande importância no caminho para encontrar estratégias eficazes para prevenir a infecção. As respostas imunitárias a mucosa genital são claramente único e diferem dos que foram medidos no sangue periférico 2. No entanto, o conhecimento atual sobre a dinâmica do sistema imunológico no FGT é limitada na melhor das hipóteses. Até o momento, os estudos sobre o ambiente imune da mucosa em grande parte focada nos tecidos linfóides associados ao intestino (GALT), onde se tornou claro que os primeiros eventos em tecidos da mucosa após a infecção ter um forte impacto na posterior progressão da doença 3,4. A recolha de amostras a partir da mucosa genital representa um grande desafio e é pelo menos parcialmente responsável pela lack de compreensão da imunologia da FGT. Resolvendo o quebra-cabeça da dinâmica imunológico entre o hospedeiro eo agente patogénico no contexto do ambiente distinto que é o FGT necessita de métodos eficientes para a coleta e análise de amostras a partir desta localidade. A FGT está dividido em duas partes: a parte superior do tracto reprodutivo, que inclui os tubos de Falópio, endométrio e endocervical, e do tracto inferior, o qual contém o ectocérvix e da vagina (revisto por Kaushic et al, 5). Não é ainda claro que a contribuição relativa de diferentes locais é a infecção pelo HIV, mas acredita-se que ambos os locais poderiam contribuir para a entrada do VIH 6. As células T representam 40-50% dos leucócitos do trato reprodutivo superiores e inferiores, enquanto que os macrófagos representam cerca de 10% (revisto em Rodriguez-Garcia et al 2). As células T podem ser detectadas na vagina, colo do útero, endométrio e. Os macrófagos são mais fortemente localized no endométrio e miométrio tecido conjuntivo do que o colo do útero, embora possam ser detectados em ambos os tecidos. Finalmente, as células dendríticas plasmacytoid (PDCs) e as células de Langerhans pode também ser detectada em tecidos FGT. O fenótipo e proporções de populações do sistema imunológico e a sua susceptibilidade à infecção por HIV pode variar de acordo com os ciclos importante hormonais, o uso de contraceptivos hormonais, a vaginose bacteriana ou actividades sexuais 5,7-9. Diversos métodos foram desenvolvidos para estudar as populações imunes e Meio Ambiente da FGT. Biópsia do colo do útero, colo do útero e cytobrushes lavagens cérvico-vaginais (CVL) 10-12 são os mais comumente usados ​​em literatura. Coleção CVL por PBS lavagem é o método mais simples e permite o estudo de proteínas moduladoras do sistema imunológico, mas os resultados no rendimento extremamente baixo da pilha, e não é, portanto, adequado para estudar as populações de células imunes do FGT 13. CVL amostras são, por outro lado, vEry útil para avaliar o ambiente imunológico do FGT medindo a expressão de diversas citocinas, quimiocinas e factores anti-microbianos, utilizando métodos tais como ELISA, citocina talão de matriz 14, ou espectrometria de massa de 15,16. Caracterização das frequências de células imunitárias, fenótipos e funções pode ser alcançado através da recolha de células mononucleares do colo do útero (CMC) por cytobrush cervical ou por amostragem de biopsia cervical. Amostragem de biopsia cervical é um método invasivo, que aumenta o desconforto e risco de hemorragia e leva de 2 a 11 dias para curar seguindo o procedimento de acordo com o estado imunitário do mulher 12. Por outro lado, cytobrushes cervicais, apesar do rendimento mais baixo de células recolhidas, é um método menos invasivo e mais conveniente para recolher células do sistema imunológico do FGT. Ambos os métodos podem atingir o mesmo rendimento de leucócitos CD45 +, mas dois cytobrushes cervicais sequenciais são necessárias para se obter a mesma quantidade de células continha in uma biópsia 13. No entanto, a amostragem cytobrush ainda fornece um número aceitável de células (cerca de 5.000 células CD45 + / cytobrush) para posterior ex vivo fenotipagem por citometria de fluxo 14. Além disso, a caracterização funcional pode ser levada a cabo com as amostras, tal como a estimulação do fluxo intracelular e citometria de qPCR ou ter sido realizada utilizando derivados de CMC cytobrush para identificar as respostas imunitárias específicas para o HIV 17 ou polarização celular Th 18. Expansão da população de células T podem também facilitar estudos funcionais com CMC 19. É importante notar que as biópsias e cytobrushes amostra porções distintas do FGT. As biópsias são derivados a partir da porção superior do epitélio e estroma da ectocérvix 12,13, enquanto cytobrushes cervicais amostra do orifício cervical, recolhendo as células derivadas do epitélio endocervical e presumivelmente da zona de transformação. Portanto amostras cytobrush provar uma região composto por uma única camada de epitélio, enquanto que as biópsias, incluem uma região revestida por um epitélio escamoso estratificado 5. Como resultado, a natureza das populações de leucócitos recolhidos por biopsia cervical e cytobrush difere. Biópsias recolher uma proporção mais elevada de células T CD3 +, ao passo que cytobrushes resultam na recolha de uma maior proporção de monócitos CD14 + / macrófagos 13. O estudo da imunologia da FGT tem havido um interesse por muitos anos 20-22 e temos acumulado uma grande quantidade de conhecimentos com o estudo da CMC derivados de cytobrush. Nossos estudos se concentram principalmente no estudo do HIV-infectados, não infectados e expostas ao HIV soronegativos (HESN) profissionais do sexo de Nairobi, no Quênia. VIH replica preferencialmente em células T activadas 23 e inferior do número de células activadas que podem ser alvo de HIV no FGT poderiam contribuir para a protecção contra a infecção pelo VIH. Em linha com esta hipótese, vários studies descreveram ativação imune menor entre os trabalhadores do sexo HESN que estão altamente expostos ao HIV ainda permanecem não infectados 24,25, e este fenótipo quiescente também é observado no FGT 14. Aqui, descrevemos a metodologia para o processamento e avaliação de ativação de células T em amostras de CMC derivadas cytobrushes cervicais por ex vivo citometria de fluxo.

<table><tbody><tr><td>100 &amp;mu;m cell strainer for 50 ml Falcon tube</td><td>BD</td><td>352360</td><td>CMC processing</td></tr><tr><td>RPMI 1640</td><td>Hyclone</td><td>SH30027.01</td><td>CMC processing</td></tr><tr><td>Fetal bovine serum</td><td>Life technology</td><td>16000044</td><td>CMC processing</td></tr><tr><td>Fungizone</td><td>Life technology</td><td>15290-018</td><td>CMC processing</td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin/streptomycin</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P4333-20ml</td><td>CMC processing</td></tr><tr><td>50 ml Falcon tube</td><td>Fisher</td><td>14-959-49A</td><td>CMC processing</td></tr><tr><td>Blood Bank disposable transfer pipette</td><td>Fisher</td><td>13-711-6M</td><td>CMC processing</td></tr><tr><td>Cytobrush plus</td><td>Cooper surgical</td><td>C0121</td><td>CMC sampling</td></tr><tr><td>Disposable cervical scraper</td><td>Quick medical</td><td>2183</td><td>CMC sampling</td></tr><tr><td>15 ml Falcon tube</td><td>Fisher</td><td>14-959-70c</td><td>CVL processsing</td></tr><tr><td>1.5 ml tube Eppendorf</td><td>Fisher</td><td>05-402-18</td><td>CVL storage</td></tr><tr><td>LIVE/DEAD Fixable Cell Stain Kit</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>Various</td><td>Flow cytometry reagent</td></tr><tr><td>Fixation buffer (4% PFA)</td><td>BD</td><td>554655</td><td>Flow cytometry regeant</td></tr><tr><td>IgG mouse</td><td>Sigma</td><td>I8765</td><td>Flow cytometry regeant</td></tr></tbody></table>

collection, isolation, and flow cytometric analysis of human endocervical samples

Despite the public health importance of mucosal pathogens (including HIV), relatively little is known about mucosal immunity, particularly at the female genital tract (FGT). Because heterosexual transmission now represents the dominant mechanism of HIV transmission, and given the continual spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), it is critical to understand the interplay between host and pathogen at the genital mucosa. The substantial gaps in knowledge around FGT immunity are partially due to the difficulty in successfully collecting and processing mucosal samples. In order to facilitate studies with sufficient sample size, collection techniques must be minimally invasive and efficient. To this end, a protocol for the collection of cervical cytobrush samples and subsequent isolation of cervical mononuclear cells (CMC) has been optimized. Using ex vivo flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping, it is possible to accurately and reliably quantify CMC lymphocyte/monocyte population frequencies and phenotypes. This technique can be coupled with the collection of cervical-vaginal lavage (CVL), which contains soluble immune mediators including cytokines, chemokines and anti-proteases, all of which can be used to determine the anti- or pro-inflammatory environment in the vagina.

Citometria de fluxo Multi é uma poderosa ferramenta para dissecar os fenótipos e funções de subpopulações de células em tecidos previamente descaracterizados. Análise de amostras de CMC pode render informações sobre ambos linfócitos e monócitos populações com as estratégias de propagação apropriados. Uma estratégia de propagação CMC representativo, em comparação com um perfil combinado de PBMC, é mostrada na Figura 2. O FSC-A versus FSC-H trama permite...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples at JoVE.com

Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples

The use of cytobrush sampling to collect lymphocytes and monocytes from the endocervix is a minimally invasive technique that provides samples for analysis of female genital tract immunity. In this protocol, we describe the collection of cytobrush samples and immune cell isolation for flow cytometry assays.

Coleção, isolamento e Citometria de Fluxo de Análise de Amostras endocervix Humano

Despite the public health importance of mucosal pathogens (including HIV), relatively little is known about mucosal immunity, particularly at the female ...

collection-isolation-flow-cytometric-analysis-human-endocervical

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

19.0K visualizações.  University of Manitoba. The use of cytobrush sampling to collect lymphocytes and monocytes from the endocervix is a minimally invasive technique that provides samples for analysis of female genital tract immunity. In this protocol, we describe the collection of cytobrush samples and immune cell isolation for flow cytometry assays. 

Vídeo: Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples

Isolation of Human Endothelial Cells from Normal Colon and Colorectal Carcinoma - An Improved Protocol

Primary cells isolated from human carcinomas are valuable tools to identify pathogenic mechanisms contributing to disease development and progression. In particular, endothelial cells (EC) constituting the inner surface of vessels, directly participate in oxygen delivery, nutrient supply, and removal of waste products to and from tumors, and are thereby prominently involved in the constitution of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor endothelial cells (TECs) can be used as cellular biosensors of the intratumoral microenvironment established by communication between tumor and stromal cells. TECs also serve as targets of therapy. Accordingly, in culture these cells allow studies on mechanisms of response or resistance to anti-angiogenic treatment. Recently, it was found that TECs isolated from human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) exhibit memory-like effects based on the specific TME they were derived from. Moreover, these TECs actively contribute to the establishment of a specific TME by the secretion of different factors. For example, TECs in a prognostically favorable Th1-TME secrete the anti-angiogenic tumor-suppressive factor secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine-like 1 (SPARCL1). SPARCL1 regulates vessel homeostasis and inhibits tumor cell proliferation and migration. Hence, cultures of pure, viable TECs isolated from human solid tumors are a valuable tool for functional studies on the role of the vascular system in tumorigenesis. Here, a new up-to-date protocol for the isolation of primary EC from the normal colon as well as CRC is described. The technique is based on mechanical and enzymatic tissue digestion, immunolabeling, and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorting of triple-positive cells (CD31, VE-cadherin, CD105). With this protocol, viable TEC or normal endothelial cell (NEC) cultures could be isolated from colon tissues with a success rate of 62.12% when subjected to FACS-sorting (41 pure EC cultures from 66 tissue samples). Accordingly, this protocol provides a robust approach to isolate human EC cultures from normal colon and CRC.

Tumor endothelial cells are important determinants of the tumor microenvironment and the course of the disease. Here, a protocol for the isolation of pure and viable endothelial cells from human colorectal carcinoma and normal colon to be used in drug testing and pathogenesis research is described.

Isolamento de células endoteliais humanas do cólon Normal e Carcinoma colorrectal - um protocolo melhorado

Primary cells isolated from human carcinomas are valuable tools to identify pathogenic mechanisms contributing to disease development and progression. In ...

Pesquisa do câncer

Automatic Separation and Collection of Cancer-Related Substances from Clinical Samples

Recently, liquid biopsies have been used to diagnose various diseases, including cancer. Body fluids contain many substances, including cells, proteins, and nucleic acids originating from normal tissues, but some of these substances also originate from the diseased area. The investigation and analysis of these substances in the body fluids play a pivotal role in the diagnosis of various diseases. Therefore, it is important to accurately separate the required substances, and several techniques are developed to be used for this purpose.
We have developed a lab-on-a-disc type of device and platform named CD-PRIME. This device is automated and has good results for sample contamination and sample stability. Moreover, it has advantages of a good acquisition yield, a short operation time, and high reproducibility. In addition, depending on the type of disc to be mounted, plasma containing cell-free DNA, circulating tumor cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, or buffy coats can be separated. Thus, the acquisition of a variety of materials present in the body fluids can be done for a variety of downstream applications, including the study of omics.

This paper describes the application of automated equipment to easily and efficiently separate and collect substances, such as cell-free DNA and circulating tumor cells, from whole blood.

Separação Automática e Coleta de Substâncias Relacionadas ao Câncer de Amostras Clínicas

Recently, liquid biopsies have been used to diagnose various diseases, including cancer. Body fluids contain many substances, including cells, proteins, ...

Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens

Many efforts have been devoted to establish in vitro cell culture systems. These systems are designed to model a vast number of in vivo processes. Cell culture systems arising from human endometrial samples are no exception. Applications range from normal cyclic physiological processes to endometrial pathologies such as gynecological cancers, infectious diseases, and reproductive deficiencies. Here, we provide two methods for establishing primary endometrial stromal cells from surgically resected endometrial hysterectomy specimens. The first method is referred to as &#8220;the scraping method&#8221; and incorporates mechanical scraping using surgical or razor blades whereas the second method is termed &#8220;the trypsin method.&#8221; This latter method uses the enzymatic activity of trypsin to promote the separation of cells and primary cell outgrowth. We illustrate step-by-step methodology through digital images and microscopy. We also provide examples for validating endometrial stromal cell lines via quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) and immunofluorescence (IF).

Establishing primary endometrial stromal cell culture systems from hysterectomy specimens is a valuable biological technique and a crucial step prior to pursuing a vast array of research aims. Here, we describe two methods used to establish stromal cultures from surgically resected endometrial tissues of human patients.&#160;

Dois métodos para estabelecer células endometriais Humano estromais primários de espécimes de histerectomia

Many efforts have been devoted to establish in vitro cell culture systems. These systems are designed to model a vast number of in vivo processes. Cell ...

Medicina

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Lymphatic system disorders such as primary lymphedema, lymphatic malformations and lymphatic tumors are rare conditions that cause significant morbidity but little is known about their biology. Isolating highly pure human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from diseased and healthy tissue would facilitate studies of the lymphatic endothelium at genetic, molecular and cellular levels. It is anticipated that these investigations may reveal targets for new therapies that may change the clinical management of these conditions. A protocol describing the isolation of human foreskin LECs and lymphatic malformation lymphatic endothelial cells (LM LECs) is presented. To obtain a single cell suspension tissue was minced and enzymatically treated using dispase II and collagenase II. The resulting single cell suspension was then labelled with antibodies to cluster of differentiation (CD) markers CD34, CD31, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-3 (VEGFR-3) and PODOPLANIN. Stained viable cells were sorted on a fluorescently activated cell sorter (FACS) to separate the CD34LowCD31PosVEGFR-3PosPODOPLANINPos LM LEC population from other endothelial and non-endothelial cells. The sorted LM LECs were cultured and expanded on fibronectin-coated flasks for further experimental use.

The goal of this protocol is to isolate lymphatic endothelial cells lining human lymphatic malformation cyst-like vessels and foreskins using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Subsequent cell culturing and expansion of these cells permits a new level of experimental sophistication for genetic, proteomic, functional and cell differentiation studies.

Isolamento de linfático humano endotelial por multi-parâmetro activadas por fluorescência celular

Lymphatic system disorders such as primary lymphedema, lymphatic malformations and lymphatic tumors are rare conditions that cause significant morbidity ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore essential for understanding pathogenicity of different pathogens including HIV. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are the prototype of &#39;unconventional&#39; T cells and represent a relatively small subset of T cells defined by their expression of heterodimeric T-cell receptors (TCRs) composed of gamma and delta chains. This sets them apart from the classical and much better known CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that are defined by alpha-beta TCRs. GD T cells often show tissue-specific localization and are enriched in epithelium. GD T cells orchestrate immune responses in inflammation, tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and autoimmunity.
Here, we present a method to reproducibly isolate and analyze human endocervical intraepithelial GD T lymphocytes. We have used endocervical cytobrush samples from women participating in the Women&#39;s Interagency HIV Infection Study (WIHS). Knowledge about GD T cells interactions during conditions in which there is an insult to the vaginal mucosal could be applied to any clinical study in which mucosal vulnerability is addressed, including the development of vaginal microbicides.In addition, knowledge about mucosal GD T cell responses has potential for application of GD T cell-based immune therapy in treating infectious diseases.

We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

Isolamento e Citometria de Fluxo Analysis of Human Endocervical Gama Cells Delta T

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore ...

Imunologia e Infecção

An Efficient Method for Extracting Human Fallopian Tube Epithelia for Single-cell Analyses

Human fallopian tubes are intrinsic to reproduction. The purpose of the fallopian tubes is to allow for the transit of sperm, the ovum, and if fertilization is successful, the embryo. The epithelial cells that line the inner surface of fallopian tubes are integral to both normal and abnormal fallopian tube processes, including disease initiation. After menopause, fallopian tubes cease to have a significant role in the body and the intraepithelial cell makeup changes. We describe a method in which these epithelial cells can be isolated from fresh fallopian tubes with minimal stromal cell contamination into a single-cell suspension. These cells can be grown in culture or used for further analysis such as flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. This isolation protocol can be achieved in 4-6 h and yields viable cells that can be used for immediate downstream analysis. This efficient protocol facilitates the isolation of fallopian tube epithelial cells with an enriched epithelial population.

This protocol describes a one-day method for the isolation of human fallopian tube epithelial cells. Isolated epithelial cells can be plated in 2-dimensional (2D) culture or dissociated into single-cell suspensions and utilized in downstream experiments, including flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing.

Um método eficiente para extrair o epitélio da trompa de Falópio humano para análises de célula única

Human fallopian tubes are intrinsic to reproduction. The purpose of the fallopian tubes is to allow for the transit of sperm, the ovum, and if ...

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Histocultures allow studying intercellular interactions within human tissues, and they can be employed to model host-pathogen interactions under controlled laboratory conditions. Ex vivo infection of human tissues with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), among other viruses, has been successfully used to investigate early disease pathogenesis, as well as a platform to test the efficacy and toxicity of antiviral drugs. In the present protocol, we explain how to process and infect with HIV-1 tissue explants from human tonsils and cervical mucosae, and maintain them in culture on top of gelatin sponges at the liquid-air interface for about two weeks. This non-polarized culture setting maximizes access to nutrients in culture medium and oxygen, although progressive loss of tissue integrity and functional architectures remains its main limitation. This method allows monitoring HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis using several techniques, including immunoassays, qPCR, and flow cytometry. Of importance, the physiologic variability between tissue donors, as well as between explants from different areas of the same specimen, may significantly affect experimental results. To ensure result reproducibility, it is critical to use an adequate number of explants, technical replicates, and donor-matched control conditions to normalize the results of the experimental treatments when compiling data from multiple experiments (i.e., conducted using tissue from different donors) for statistical analysis.

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Infection of human tissues with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ex vivo provides a valuable 3D model of virus pathogenesis. Here, we describe a protocol to process and infect tissue specimens from human tonsils and female genital mucosae with HIV-1 and maintain them in culture at the liquid-air interface.

Ex Vivo Infecção da Mucosa Genital humano tecido linfoide e fêmea com vírus de imunodeficiência humana 1 e Histoculture

Histocultures allow studying intercellular interactions within human tissues, and they can be employed to model host-pathogen interactions under ...

Isolation of Dendritic Cells from the Human Female Reproductive Tract for Phenotypical and Functional Studies

The characterization of the human dendritic cells (DCs) resident in mucosal tissues is challenging due to the difficulty in obtaining samples, and the low numbers of DCs present per tissue. Yet, as the phenotype and function of DCs is modified by the tissue environment, it is necessary to analyze tissue resident DC populations, since blood derived DCs incompletely reflect the complexities of DCs in tissues. Here we present a protocol to isolate DCs from the human female reproductive tract (FRT) using hysterectomy specimens that allows both phenotypical and functional analyses. The protocol consists of tissue digestion to generate a single cell mixed cell suspension, followed by positive magnetic bead selection. Our tissue digestion protocol does not cleave surface markers, which allows phenotypical and functional analysis of DCs in the steady state, without overnight incubation or cell activation. This protocol can be adapted for the isolation of other immune cell types or isolation of DCs from other tissues.

We describe here a method to isolate and purify dendritic cells from different anatomical compartments in the human female reproductive tract for the evaluation of their phenotypical and functional characteristics. This method can be adapted to isolate other immune cells or dendritic cells from other mucosal tissues.

Isolamento de células dendríticas do tracto reprodutivo feminino humano para estudos fenotípica e funcionais

The characterization of the human dendritic cells (DCs) resident in mucosal tissues is challenging due to the difficulty in obtaining samples, and the low ...

Isolation of Uterine Innate Lymphoid Cells for Analysis by Flow Cytometry

Described here is a simple method to isolate and phenotype mouse group 1 uterine innate lymphoid cells (g1 uILCs) from individual pregnant uterus by flow cytometry. The protocol describes how to set up time mating to obtain multiple synchronous dams, the mechanical and enzymatic digestion of the pregnant uterus, the staining of single-cell suspensions, and a FACS strategy to phenotype and discriminate g1 uILCs. Although this method inevitably loses the spatial information of cellular distribution within the tissue, the protocol has been successfully applied to determine uILC heterogeneity, their response to maternal and foetal factors affecting pregnancy, their gene expression profile, and their functions.

This is a method to isolate uterine lymphoid cells from both pregnant and non-pregnant mice. This method can be used for multiple downstream applications such as FACS phenotyping, cell sorting, functional assays, RNA-seq, and proteomics. The protocol here demonstrates how to phenotype group 1 uterine innate lymphoid cells by flow cytometry.

Isolamento de células linfoides inatas uterinas para análise por citometria de fluxo

Described here is a simple method to isolate and phenotype mouse group 1 uterine innate lymphoid cells (g1 uILCs) from individual pregnant uterus by flow ...

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects

The conventional semen parameter analysis is widely used to assess male fertility. However, studies have found that ~15% of infertile patients show no abnormalities in conventional semen parameters. Additional technologies are needed to explain the idiopathic infertility and detect subtle sperm defects. Currently, biomarkers of sperm function, including sperm apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and DNA damage, reveal sperm physiology at the molecular level and are capable of predicting male fertility.
With flow cytometry (FCM) techniques, each of these markers can be rapidly, accurately, and precisely measured in human semen samples, but time costs substantially increase and results could be obstructed if all the biomarkers need to be tested with a single cytometer. In this protocol, after collection and immediate incubation at 37 &#176;C for liquefication, semen samples were further analyzed for sperm apoptosis using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) staining. The MMP was labeled with 5,5&#8242;,6,6&#8242;-tetrachloro-1,1&#8242;,3,3&#8242;-tetraethyl-benzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) probe, and DNA damage was assessed using the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) with acridine orange (AO) staining. Thus, flow cytometric analysis of sperm function markers can be a practical and reliable toolkit for the diagnosis of infertility and evaluation of sperm function at both bench and bed.

The present protocol provides a practical solution that allows for the measurement of apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA damage in human sperm with a single cytometer.

Análise por Citometria de Fluxo de Biomarcadores para Detecção de Defeitos Funcionais do Espermatozoide Humano

The conventional semen parameter analysis is widely used to assess male fertility. However, studies have found that ~15% of infertile patients show no ...