Name: using a laminating technique to perform confocal microscopy of the human sclera
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German Research Foundation (FOR2240 "(Lymph) Angiogenesis and Cellular Immunity in Inflammatory Diseases of the Eye" to CC and LMH; HE 6743/2-1 and HE 7643/3-1 to LMH; CU47/6-1 to CC), German Cancer Aid (to LMH and CC), GEROK program University of Cologne (to SLS and LMH), and EU COST BM1302 "Joining Forces to Corneal Regeneration" (to CC).

O uso de tecidos humanos devem ser revistos e aprovados por um conselho de revisão institucional ou equivalente. O trabalho aqui descrito foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética local e teve a aprovação para análise científica. Este trabalho foi realizado de acordo com a Declaração de Helsinki. Os espécimes esclerais humanos foram obtidos a partir dos olhos de doadores globo (máximo de post-mortem de tempo de 24 horas), no Banco de Olhos do Departamento de Oftalmologia da Universidade de Colônia, Alemanha. 1. Preparação Experimental <ol><li> Preparar 96% de etanol e salino tamponado com fosfato (PBS) em diferentes tubos. Prepare os anticorpos primários na diluição recomendada de PBS contendo 2% de albumina de soro bovino (BSA) e manter todas as soluções em gelo. Preparação de 100 ul por amostra. </li><li> Limpe todos os instrumentos e usar bisturis afiados. Depois de repetido o mesmo corte com bisturi, alterar o bisturi. </li><li> Obter 1-2 forceps Colibri, micro tesouras de dissecação em linha reta, um bisturi # 10ou bisturi oftálmico micro pena, e quatro 26 agulhas G. </li><li> Enrole a folha de alumínio em torno de uma placa de poliestireno ou usar uma placa de cortiça para fixar o tecido. Trabalhar debaixo de um microscópio estéreo binocular. Trabalhar estéril debaixo de um fluxo de ar laminar, se necessário. </li></ol> 2. Prepare a esclera <ol><li> Pressione cuidadosamente a lâmpada e executar uma trepanação perfurante por parte córneo, e gire o trepan. Gire o trepan cuidadosamente e uniformemente sobre a superfície para realizar um corte igualmente rodada. Use um trepan tamanho 15,5 mm. Cortar os acessórios restantes com tesoura curva. Remova a trepanação córneo. Isto irá resultar em uma lâmpada anteriormente aberto. <ol><li> Coloque a esclera em um cotonete com a parte aberta para cima. Remova a retina e úvea, usando uma pinça colibri de retirar as duas camadas (retina e Uvea) da esclera. Não deixe a úvea pigmentada na esclera interior. Use tesoura curva para remover a retina e da úvea papila. Remover o REMaining conjuntiva, músculos extra-oculares, e da cápsula de Tenon da esclera superficial. </li></ol></li><li> Retirar a amostra escleral no tamanho necessário utilizando-tipo reto tesouras e fórceps Colibri. Tome cerca de 2 cm2 amostras esclerais porte de diferentes locais. Por causa do tamanho pequeno, segurar a esclera suavemente e cortar o tamanho exigido, quadrados usando os do tipo reta tesoura. A trepanação córneo define a margem anterior das amostras esclerais. <ol><li> Evitar repetido agarrando com a pinça como a área onde o tecido foi agarrado não é adequado para análise de microscopia confocal. Prepara-se o número necessário de amostras, dependendo do tipo de experiência (por exemplo, vs anteriormente posteriormente, comparar Figura 1) e a quantidade de anticorpos utilizada. </li></ol></li><li> Coloque as amostras em tubos de 1,5 ml para uso posterior. Fixar as amostras em 1,5 ml de etanol a 96% durante 15 minutos, e, em seguida, lavá-los três vezes cada durante 5 minem 1,5 ml de PBS no agitador. Se trabalhar com tecido congelado, execute essa etapa antes pressão congelamento. </li><li> Use tecido fresco. No entanto, se isso não for possível, pressão congelar a esclera em azoto líquido e mantê-lo a -20 ° C para uso posterior. Se trabalhar com tecido congelado, descongelar antes de usar. Evite o descongelamento repetido e ciclos de congelamento. </li><li> Manter cada amostra em PBS contendo 1,5 ml de BSA a 5% à temperatura ambiente durante 2 h. Este passo induz um aumento de volume da amostra, que é útil para a laminação e também previne a ligação inespecífica. </li><li> Depois que as amostras têm aumentado, preparar as praças esclerais para laminação. Trabalhar sob um microscópio, por exemplo, um microscópio estéreo binocular. Apor as amostras esclerais posteriores à membrana de poliestireno embrulhados em papel alumínio ou a placa de cortiça utilizando os 26 g de agulhas. </li><li> Dobrar as extremidades das agulhas, de forma que não interfiram com o campo visual sob o microscópio. </li><li> Laminar o SAMP escleral de espessura totalles. <ol><li> Primeiro, mantenha a borda escleral anterior usando uma pinça Colibri. Em seguida, cuidadosamente cortar uma fina camada superficial da esclera usando o bisturi # 10, o bisturi oftálmica micro pena, ou uma lâmina de uma espátula. Segurar o bisturi horizontalmente e cortar a camada superficial tão fina quanto possível, a partir da camada subjacente. </li><li> Dissecar uma camada fina escleral da praça escleral. Este método é semelhante às técnicas cirúrgicas convencionais para preparar uma aba durante trabeculectomia e deve resultar em camadas de espessura de 30-80 ^ m (comparar com a figura 2). </li></ol></li><li> Evitar a secagem da esclera pela adição de pequenas quantidades de PBS para o tecido, por exemplo, 50 ul de PBS utilizando uma pipeta. </li><li> Coloque as camadas cortadas em 100 ul de PBS na placa de 96 poços e rotular tanto a orientação (no sentido externo e interno) e a camada (superficial e profunda), por exemplo com uma cor à prova de água. </li><li> Repita os passos 2,7-2,9 até que o tecido está completamente laminado. &lt;/ Li&gt; </ol> 3. Execute Imunohistoquímica <ol><li> Adicionar 100 ul de anticorpos primários necessários para a diluição recomendada. Aqui, por exemplo, utilização de CD 31 LYVE1 anticorpo (anti-humano de coelho) (monoclonal de ratinho anti-humano) e, tanto em uma diluição de 1: 100 em PBS (contendo 2% de BSA) e incubar a 4 ° C durante a noite. Para alterar a forma da placa de 96 poços, segurar a pipeta para a parede do poço e remover o fluido. </li><li> No dia seguinte, as amostras de lavar três vezes cada durante 5 min com 200-300 ul de PBS no agitador. Adicionar 100 uL de anticorpos secundários correspondentes; aqui usar de cabra anti-rato fluoresceína isotiocianato (FITC) anti-coelho de cabra e corantes de cianina 3 (Cy3), e incuba-se as amostras à temperatura ambiente durante 1-2 horas. Dilui-se a anticorpos secundários 1: 300 em PBS contendo soro de cabra a 2%. </li><li> Lavar as amostras novamente três vezes cada durante 5 minutos em 200-300 ul de PBS no agitador. </li><li> Realização da coloração núcleo, por exemplo, </em&gt;. 4 &#39;, 6-diamidino-2-fenilindole (DAPI) (diluição 1: 2.000, 100 ul em cada poço e incubar 10 min à temperatura ambiente), depois lavar novamente 2 vezes em 200-300 ul de PBS no agitador. </li><li> Transferir as amostras em lâminas de microscópio, incorporá-los em 1-2 gotas de meio de montagem fluorescente, adicionar uma lamela, selá-lo, cobrindo as bordas com verniz transparente, e armazenar a 4 ° C para uso posterior ou examinar diretamente os slides com a confocal microscópio. </li><li> Usar um microscópio confocal (ou equivalente) para analisar as amostras. Use a ampliação desejada, por exemplo 10-40X ampliação. </li><li> Para verificar a espessura das amostras, medida com microscopia confocal usando Z-pilhas. A quantidade de possíveis secções esclerais depende da localização da esclerótica, tal como a espessura difere equatorial e posterior (comparar introdução). </li></ol>

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Laminar a esclerótica humana é um método para a realização de microscopia confocal sobre este tecido. Um passo essencial neste processo é a utilização de etanol em vez de formalina para a aposição do tecido. Em nossa experiência, os melhores resultados são obtidos quando se utiliza etanol em vez de formol para fixação. bisturis Blunt agravar o processo e devem ser evitadas. Da mesma forma, a secagem da esclera deve ser evitado, uma vez que complica o processo e reduz a qualidade das imagens. <p class="...

A esclerótica é a camada externa rígida que cobre o olho, o que é feito de tecido conjuntivo denso. Isso ajuda a proteger as estruturas intra-oculares e para manter a pressão intra-ocular. Assim, a esclerótica é essencial para a visão clara. É desprovida de vasos linfáticos 1,2 e, assim, forma uma borda livre-linfática exterior entre ele e o olho interior livre de linfático 3-7. Ele também fornece locais de ligação para os músculos extra-oculares, partilhando assim semelhanças anatômicas com tendões. Porque a esclera consiste principalmente de feixes densos de colágeno tipo I e tem um número menor de colágeno tipo III, IV, V, VI, VIII 8,9 e elastina 10,11, este tecido não é fácil de usar para imuno-histoquímica. Anatomicamente, a esclerótica podem ser separadas em três camadas principais: (1) o episclera vascularizado superficial, localizado por debaixo da conjuntiva e da cápsula de Tenon e para os lados e the parte de trás do olho de frente para a órbita; (2) o estroma escleral, a parte principal da esclera; e (3) o fusca lâmina, que é uma camada fina, pigmentada localizada directamente acima da úvea. Nosso conhecimento anatômico sobre a esclera decorre, principalmente, da primeira metade do século 20. Naquela época, os investigadores estudaram a anatomia da vasculatura principalmente usando Índia injeções de tinta 12 e vascular lançando 13-15. Mais tarde, foi pesquisado em estudos angiográficos 16-19. Desde então, técnicas mais antigas foram melhoradas e novos foram desenvolvidos que nos permitiram completar conhecimento anatômico anterior. Por exemplo, tem sido apenas cerca de uma década desde que nós tivemos tais marcadores linfáticos confiáveis ​​como endotélio vascular linfática hyaluronan específica receptor-1 (LYVE1) 20 ou podoplanina 21. A microscopia confocal oferece novas possibilidades para o estudo das características anatômicas dos diferentes tissues do olho. Ele permite várias manchas a ser utilizada para diferenciar os marcadores de células ou para a localização das células em relação aos vasos sanguíneos e outras estruturas anatómicas. Ele fornece uma visão geral, quando a amostra é de um tamanho maior e permite-nos verificar através de uma amostra, quando em busca de um tipo de célula específico. Com a tecnologia Z-Pilha, microscopia confocal pode ser utilizado para as amostras até 100-200 um. A esclerótica difere de espessura entre 0,3 mm por trás das inserções musculares e 1 mm no pólo posterior 11. Devido tanto a sua espessura e opacidade, a esclera não é adequado para microscopia confocal utilizando métodos tradicionais. Para remediar esta situação, tecidos esclerais foram estratificados para permitir a sua análise com microscopia confocal. Esta tecnologia é útil para obter uma melhor compreensão de ambas as situações fisiológicas e patológicas na esclera humana.

<table><tbody><tr><td>96% ethanol</td><td>Merck Chemicals, Darmstadt, Germany</td><td>P075.4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>binocular stereo microscope&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Motic, Hongkong, China</td><td>n.a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>26 G needles&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Terumo, Leuven, Belgium</td><td>303800</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15.5 mm trepan</td><td>Geuder, Heidelberg, Germany</td><td>n.a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>no.10 scalpel&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Feather, pfm medical, Osaka, Japan</td><td>2E+08</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ophthalmic scalpel micro feather&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Feather, pfm medical, Osaka, Japan</td><td>no. 7657BR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD 31 antibody (monoclonal mouse anti human)</td><td>Dako, USA</td><td>IR610</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LYVE1 antibody&amp;nbsp; (polyclonal rabbit anti human)</td><td>Zytomed, Germany</td><td>RBK014-05</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>goat anti mouse FITC antibody</td><td>Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany</td><td>F0257</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>goat anti rabbit Cy3 antibody</td><td>Dianova, Germany</td><td>111-165-003</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Goat Serum normal</td><td>Dako, Glostrup, Denmark</td><td>X090710-8</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DAPI</td><td>Carl Roth GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany</td><td>6335.1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>microscope slides&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Engelbrecht, Ederm&amp;uuml;nde, Germany</td><td>WC7695002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Coverslips 24 mm x 24 mm</td><td>Th. Gayer, Lohmar, Germany</td><td>7695026</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DAKO fluorescent mounting medium&amp;nbsp;</td><td>DAKO, USA</td><td>S3023</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LSM Meta 510 confocal microscopy&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Carl Zeiss AG, Jena, Germany</td><td>n.a</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

using a laminating technique to perform confocal microscopy of the human sclera

A esclerótica é um tecido conjuntivo denso que cobre e protege o olho. Ela consiste principalmente de feixes de colágeno densas (tipos I, III, IV, V, VI e VII). Devido à sua autofluorescência, opacidade, e espessura, não foi considerado adequado para a microscopia confocal. Uma abordagem alternativa para o apresentado aqui, que utiliza esclera fixado com formalina embebido em parafina para imuno-histoquímica, tem desafios técnicos, especialmente quando o pré-aquecimento do tecido para a recuperação de antigénio. Desde a esclera é relativamente pobre em ambas as células e vasos, o uso de amostras de tecido maiores foi explorada para ajudar a evitar que as células com vista e para compreender a sua localização em relação aos navios e outros sítios anatômicos. Para permitir a análise de amostras de tecido maiores, sob o microscópio confocal, uma técnica de laminação foi efectuada para criar camadas finas da esclera. Após a análise dos resultados dos vasos sanguíneos CD31 e vasos linfáticos endotelial hyalureceptor Ronan 1 (LYVE1) células positivas, para o qual foi obtido uma autorização para exame científico, as vantagens e limitações deste método são discutidas.

Nas experiências representativas realizadas aqui, há benefícios demonstráveis ​​derivados da utilização desta técnica de laminação em particular. A primeira experiência ilustra a rede diversificada de plexo de vasos sanguíneos episcleral em três imagens representativas (Figura 3). Os vasos são positivas para CD31. O segundo experimento mostra células do sistema imunológico, em particular de ...

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Using a Laminating Technique to Perform Confocal Microscopy of the Human Sclera

Human sclera tissue is mainly collagen; therefore, it is not easily usable for immunohistochemistry. To achieve the goal of performing immunohistochemistry for confocal microscopy of scleral tissue, a laminating technique was used.

Usando uma técnica de estratificação para executar microscopia confocal da esclera humana


The sclera is a dense connective tissue that covers and protects the eye. It mainly consists of dense collagen bundles (types I, III, IV, V, VI, and ...

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7.5K visualizações.  University of Cologne. Human sclera tissue is mainly collagen; therefore, it is not easily usable for immunohistochemistry. To achieve the goal of performing immunohistochemistry for confocal microscopy of scleral tissue, a laminating technique was used. 

Vídeo: Using a Laminating Technique to Perform Confocal Microscopy of the Human Sclera

Three-dimensional Rendering and Analysis of Immunolabeled, Clarified Human Placental Villous Vascular Networks

Nutrient and gas exchange between mother and fetus occurs at the interface of the maternal intervillous blood and the vast villous capillary network that makes up much of the parenchyma of the human placenta. The distal villous capillary network is the terminus of the fetal blood supply after several generations of branching of vessels extending out from the umbilical cord. This network has a contiguous cellular sheath, the syncytial trophoblast barrier layer, which prevents mixing of fetal blood and the maternal blood in which it is continuously bathed. Insults to the integrity of the placental capillary network, occurring in disorders such as maternal diabetes, hypertension and obesity, have consequences that present serious health risks for the fetus, infant, and adult. To better define the structural effects of these insults, a protocol was developed for this study that captures capillary network structure on the order of 1 - 2 mm3 wherein one can investigate its topological features in its full complexity. To accomplish this, clusters of terminal villi from placenta are dissected, and the trophoblast layer and the capillary endothelia are immunolabeled. These samples are then clarified with a new tissue clearing process which makes it possible to acquire confocal image stacks to z- depths of ~1 mm. The three-dimensional renderings of these stacks are then processed and analyzed to generate basic capillary network measures such as volume, number of capillary branches, and capillary branch end points, as validation of the suitability of this approach for capillary network characterization.

This study presents a protocol for the reversible tissue clearing, immunostaining, 3D-rendering and analysis of vascular networks in human placenta villi samples on the order of 1 - 2 mm3.

Renderização tridimensional e análise de Immunolabeled, esclareceu humana da placenta vilosa redes vasculares

Nutrient and gas exchange between mother and fetus occurs at the interface of the maternal intervillous blood and the vast villous capillary network that ...

Biologia do Desenvolvimento

Image-guided, Laser-based Fabrication of Vascular-derived Microfluidic Networks

This detailed protocol outlines the implementation of image-guided, laser-based hydrogel degradation for the fabrication of vascular-derived microfluidic networks embedded in PEGDA hydrogels. Here, we describe the creation of virtual masks that allow for image-guided laser control; the photopolymerization of a micromolded PEGDA hydrogel, suitable for microfluidic network fabrication and pressure head-driven flow; the setup and use of a commercially available laser scanning confocal microscope paired with a femtosecond pulsed Ti:S laser to induce hydrogel degradation; and the imaging of fabricated microfluidic networks using fluorescent species and confocal microscopy. Much of the protocol is focused on the proper setup and implementation of the microscope software and microscope macro, as these are crucial steps in using a commercial microscope for microfluidic fabrication purposes that contain a number of intricacies. The image-guided component of this technique allows for the implementation of 3D image stacks or user-generated 3D models, thereby allowing for creative microfluidic design and for the fabrication of complex microfluidic systems of virtually any configuration. With an expected impact in tissue engineering, the methods outlined in this protocol could aid in the fabrication of advanced biomimetic microtissue constructs for organ- and human-on-a-chip devices. By mimicking the complex architecture, tortuosity, size, and density of in vivo vasculature, essential biological transport processes can be replicated in these constructs, leading to more accurate in vitro modeling of drug pharmacokinetics and disease.

This protocol outlines the implementation of image-guided, laser-based hydrogel degradation to fabricate vascular-derived, biomimetic microfluidic networks embedded in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels. These biomimetic microfluidic systems may be useful for tissue engineering applications, generation of in vitro disease models, and fabrication of advanced "on-a-chip" devices.

guiado por imagem, fabricação à base de laser de Redes microfluídicos Vascular derivadas

This detailed protocol outlines the implementation of image-guided, laser-based hydrogel degradation for the fabrication of vascular-derived microfluidic ...

Bioengenharia

Light-sheet Microscopy for Three-dimensional Visualization of Human Immune Cells

In vivo, activation, proliferation, and function of immune cells all occur in a three-dimensional (3D) environment, for instance in lymph nodes or tissues. Up to date, most in vitro systems rely on two-dimensional (2D) surfaces, such as cell-culture plates or coverslips. To optimally mimic physiological conditions in vitro, we utilize a simple 3D collagen matrix. Collagen is one of the major components of extracellular matrix (ECM) and has been widely used to constitute 3D matrices. For 3D imaging, the recently developed light-sheet microscopy technology (also referred to as single plane illumination microscopy) is featured with high acquisition speed, large penetration depth, low bleaching, and photocytotoxicity. Furthermore, light-sheet microscopy is particularly advantageous for long-term measurement. Here we describe an optimized protocol how to set up and handle human immune cells, e.g. primary human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells in the 3D collagen matrix for usage with the light-sheet microscopy for live cell imaging and fixed samples. The procedure for image acquisition and analysis of cell migration are presented. A particular focus is given to highlight critical steps and factors for sample preparation and data analysis. This protocol can be employed for other types of suspension cells in a 3D collagen matrix and is not limited to immune cells.

Here, we present a protocol to visualize immune cells embedded in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrix using light-sheet microscopy. This protocol also elaborates how to track cell migration in 3D. This protocol can be employed for other types of suspension cells in the 3D matrix.

Microscopia de luz-folha para visualização tridimensional de células do sistema imunológico humanas

In vivo, activation, proliferation, and function of immune cells all occur in a three-dimensional (3D) environment, for instance in lymph nodes or ...

Imunologia e Infecção

Second Harmonic Generation Signals in Rabbit Sclera As a Tool for Evaluation of Therapeutic Tissue Cross-linking (TXL) for Myopia

Methods to strengthen tissue by introducing chemical bonds (non-enzymatic cross-linking) into structural proteins (fibrillar collagens) for therapy include photochemical cross-linking and tissue cross-linking (TXL) methods. Such methods for inducing mechanical tissue property changes are being employed to the cornea in corneal thinning (mechanically weakened) disorders such as keratoconus as well as the sclera in progressive myopia, where thinning and weakening of the posterior sclera occurs and likely contributes to axial elongation. The primary target proteins for such tissue strengthening are fibrillar collagens which constitute the great majority of dry weight proteins in the cornea and sclera. Fortuitously, fibrillar collagens are the main source of second harmonic generation signals in the tissue extracellular space. Therefore, modifications of the collagen proteins, such as those induced through cross-linking therapies, could potentially be detected and quantitated through the use of second harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM). Monitoring SHGM signals through the use of a laser scanning microscopy system coupled with an infrared excitation light source is an exciting modern imaging method that is enjoying widespread usage in the biomedical sciences. Thus, the present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the use of SHGM microscopy as a means to measure induced cross-linking effects in ex vivo rabbit sclera, following an injection of a chemical cross-linking agent into the sub-Tenon&#39;s space (sT), an injection approach that is standard practice for causing ocular anesthesia during ophthalmologic clinical procedures. The chemical cross-linking agent, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate (SMG), is from a class of cosmetic preservatives known as formaldehyde releasing agents (FARs). Scleral changes following reaction with SMG resulted in increases in SHG signals and correlated with shifts in thermal denaturation temperature, a standard method for evaluating induced tissue cross-linking effects.

Second Harmonic Generation Signals in Rabbit Sclera As a Tool for Evaluation of Therapeutic Tissue Cross-linking TXL for Myopia

This protocol describes techniques for evaluating chemical cross-linking of the rabbit sclera using&#160;second harmonic generation imaging and differential scanning calorimetry.

Segunda geração harmônica sinais na esclera coelho como uma ferramenta para avaliação do tecido terapêutico do cross-linking (TXL) para miopia

Methods to strengthen tissue by introducing chemical bonds (non-enzymatic cross-linking) into structural proteins (fibrillar collagens) for therapy ...

Medicina

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Sistema avançado de co-cultura 3D de duas camadas para células epiteliais e de fibroblastos

Establishing a Three-Dimensional Coculture Module of Epithelial Cells Using Nanofibrous Membranes

Technical hurdles in a culture of epithelial cells include dedifferentiation and loss of function. Biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) cell culture methods can enhance cell culture efficiency. This study introduces an advanced two-layered culture system intended to cultivate epithelial cells as tissue-like layers with the culture of fibroblasts within a 3D environment. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly(&#949;-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous membranes (NMs) were fabricated via electrospinning and utilized as a physiologically relevant extracellular matrix for the culture of epithelial cells and fibroblasts, respectively. In the upper insert wells, lung epithelial cells were cultivated on the PVA NM, and in the lower chambers, fibroblasts were cultured on the PCL NM. This configuration eliminates direct cell-cell contact and facilitates the examination of paracrine signaling mediated by soluble factors. Confocal microscopy was employed to analyze the distribution, growth pattern, and expression of intracellular proteins, including zona occludens in epithelial cells. Z-stacking techniques enabled detailed 3D reconstructions, providing precise insights into the integrity of tight junctions and spatial organization within the epithelial layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessed the morphological characteristics of cell types on the nanofibrous membranes. SEM imaging revealed intricate cell surface structures and interactions with the nanofibers, offering a comprehensive perspective on cellular architecture and cell interaction with nanofibrous structure. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay is a simple method for measuring epithelial cell and fibroblast growth rates over time. It provides the proliferative behaviors and potential synergistic effects of coculturing these cells. These findings highlight the effectiveness of a simple insert co-culture system for simultaneous culture of fibroblasts and epithelial cells, which is crucial in various physiological and pharmacological contexts, including epithelial tissue regeneration, tumor microenvironment with endothelial, immune, and other stroma cells, toxicity assay, and drug activity test.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Autor em destaque: Avançando em sistemas de cocultura 3D com membranas nanofibrosas PVA-PCL

Here, we demonstrate how epithelial cells cultured with fibroblasts in the nanofibrous membrane-based two-layer system can stably adhere to and grow on the membrane.

Estabelecimento de um módulo de cocultura tridimensional de células epiteliais usando membranas nanofibrosas

Technical hurdles in a culture of epithelial cells include dedifferentiation and loss of function. Biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) cell culture methods ...

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, is a heterogeneous group of ocular disorders characterized by structural damage to the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration, resulting in visual dysfunction by interrupting the transmission of visual information from the eye to the brain. Elevated intraocular pressure is the most important risk factor; thus, several models of ocular hypertension have been developed in rodents by either genetic or experimental approaches to investigate the causes and effects of the disease. Among those, some limitations have been reported such as surgical invasiveness, inadequate functional assessment, requirement of extensive training, and highly variable extension of retinal damage. The present work characterizes a simple, low-cost, and efficient method to induce ocular hypertension in rodents, based on low-temperature, full-circle cauterization of the limbal vascular plexus, a major component of aqueous humor drainage. The new model provides a technically easy, noninvasive, and reproducible subacute ocular hypertension, associated with progressive RGC and optic nerve degeneration, and a unique post-operative clinical recovery rate that allows in vivo functional studies by both electrophysiological and behavioral methods.

The goal of this protocol is to characterize a novel model of glaucomatous neurodegeneration based on 360&#176; thermic cauterization of limbal vascular plexus, inducing subacute ocular hypertension.

Cauterização em círculo completo do plexo vascular limbal no glaucoma induzido cirurgicamente em roedores

Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, is a heterogeneous group of ocular disorders characterized by structural damage to the optic ...

Neurociência

A Tissue Clearing Method for Neuronal Imaging from Mesoscopic to Microscopic Scales

A detailed protocol is provided here to visualize neuronal structures from mesoscopic to microscopic levels in brain tissues. Neuronal structures ranging from neural circuits to subcellular neuronal structures are visualized in mouse brain slices optically cleared with ScaleSF. This clearing method is a modified version of ScaleS and is a hydrophilic tissue clearing method for tissue slices that achieves potent clearing capability as well as a high-level of preservation of fluorescence signals and structural integrity. A customizable three dimensional (3D)-printed imaging chamber is designed for reliable mounting of cleared brain tissues. Mouse brains injected with an adeno-associated virus vector carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein gene were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and cut into slices of 1-mm thickness with a vibrating tissue slicer. The brain slices were cleared by following the clearing protocol, which include sequential incubations in three solutions, namely, ScaleS0 solution, phosphate buffer saline (&#8211;), and ScaleS4 solution, for a total of 10.5&#8211;14.5 h. The cleared brain slices were mounted on the imaging chamber and embedded in 1.5% agarose gel dissolved in ScaleS4D25(0) solution. The 3D image acquisition of the slices was carried out using a confocal laser scanning microscope equipped with a multi-immersion objective lens of a long working distance. Beginning with mesoscopic neuronal imaging, we succeeded in visualizing fine subcellular neuronal structures, such as dendritic spines and axonal boutons, in the optically cleared brain slices. This protocol would facilitate understanding of neuronal structures from circuit to subcellular component scales.

The protocol provides a detailed method of neuronal imaging in brain slice using a tissue clearing method, ScaleSF. The protocol includes brain tissue preparation, tissue clarification, handling of cleared slices and confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging of neuronal structures from mesoscopic to microscopic levels.

Um método de limpeza de tecidos para imagens neuronais de escalas mesoscópicas a microscópicas

A detailed protocol is provided here to visualize neuronal structures from mesoscopic to microscopic levels in brain tissues. Neuronal structures ranging ...

Real Time In Vivo Tracking of Thymocytes in the Anterior Chamber of the Eye by Laser Scanning Microscopy

The purpose of the method being presented is to show, for the first time, the transplant of newborn thymi into the anterior eye chamber of isogenic adult mice for in vivo longitudinal real-time monitoring of thymocytes&#180; dynamics within a vascularized thymus segment. Following the transplantation, laser scanning microscopy (LSM) through the cornea allows in vivo noninvasive repeated imaging at cellular resolution level. Importantly, the approach adds to previous intravital T-cell maturation imaging models the possibility for continuous progenitor cell recruitment and mature T-cell egress recordings in the same animal. Additional advantages of the system are the transparency of the grafted area, permitting macroscopic rapid monitoring of the implanted tissue, and the accessibility to the implant allowing for localized in addition to systemic treatments. The main limitation being the volume of the tissue that fits in the reduced space of the eye chamber which demands for lobe trimming. Organ integrity is maximized by dissecting thymus lobes in patterns previously shown to be functional for mature T-cell production. The technique is potentially suited to interrogate a milieu of medically relevant questions related to thymus function that include autoimmunity, immunodeficiency and central tolerance; processes which remain mechanistically poorly defined. The fine dissection of mechanisms guiding thymocyte migration, differentiation and selection should lead to novel therapeutic strategies targeting developing T cells.

Real Time In Vivo Tracking of Thymocytes in the Anterior Chamber of the Eye by Laser Scanning Microscopy

The goal of the protocol is to show longitudinal intravital real-time tracking of thymocytes by laser scanning microscopy in thymic implants in the anterior chamber of the mouse eye. The transparency of the cornea and vascularization of the graft allows for continuously recording progenitor cell recruitment and mature T-cell egress.

No Vivo controle de timócitos na Câmara Anterior do olho a Laser, microscopia eletrônica de varredura em tempo real

The purpose of the method being presented is to show, for the first time, the transplant of newborn thymi into the anterior eye chamber of isogenic adult ...

Usando uma técnica de estratificação para executar microscopia confocal da esclera humana

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Cauterização em círculo completo do plexo vascular limbal no glaucoma induzido cirurgicamente em roedores

Um método de limpeza de tecidos para imagens neuronais de escalas mesoscópicas a microscópicas

No Vivo controle de timócitos na Câmara Anterior do olho a Laser, microscopia eletrônica de varredura em tempo real