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Chapter 8

Tissues of the Human Body

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Tissues
Tissues
Tissues are a group of cells that share a common embryonic origin. Microscopic observation reveals that the cells in a tissue share morphological features ...

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Epithelial Tissues and Their Functions
Epithelial Tissues and Their Functions
Epithelial tissues are large sheets of cells covering all of the surfaces of the body. These surfaces can be internal or external, for example, skin, ...

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Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions
Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical ...

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Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions
Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions
The complex three-dimensional arrangement of cells in any multicellular organism is defined and maintained by interactions of cells with each other and ...

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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview
Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview
Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and ...

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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium
Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium
Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that lines body cavities and blood vessels. The shape of the cells in the epithelium reflects the ...

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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium
Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium
Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. ...

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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium
Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium
The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be ...

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Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands
Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands
Exocrine glands are classified as unicellular and multicellular. The unicellular glands are scattered single cells, such as goblet cells, found in the ...

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Exocrine Glands: Methods of Secretion
Exocrine Glands: Methods of Secretion
Exocrine glands are those that release their secretions through ducts. Based on their mode of secretion, they can be classified into merocrine, apocrine, ...

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Exocrine Glands: Types of Secretions
Exocrine Glands: Types of Secretions
Exocrine glands produce and release a variety of glandular products. Exocrine glands can be classified into serous, mucous, or mixed types based on their ...

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Introduction to Connective Tissues
Introduction to Connective Tissues
Connective tissues are one of the four main tissue types in humans that are extensively present in the body. They are characterized by cells embedded in ...

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Functions of Connective Tissues
Functions of Connective Tissues
Connective tissues perform a broad range of functions in the body. Their primary function is to connect and link different tissues in the body and act as ...

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Classification of Connective Tissues
Classification of Connective Tissues
The connective tissues have different properties and functions in the human body. They are broadly categorized into proper, supporting, or fluid ...

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Embryonic Connective Tissues
Embryonic Connective Tissues
During early development, the embryo forms two types of connective tissues— the mesenchyme and mucoid connective tissue. The mesenchyme is the first ...

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Overview of Connective Tissues Proper
Overview of Connective Tissues Proper
Connective tissue proper is a class of connective tissue that encompasses all mature connective tissues except bone, cartilage, blood, and lymph. This ...

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Extracellular Matrix
Extracellular Matrix
Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are ...

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Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance
Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance
One of the significant functions of connective tissue is connecting tissues and organs. Unlike epithelial tissue that is composed of cells closely packed ...

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Loose Connective Tissue
Loose Connective Tissue
Loose connective tissue is found between many organs. Its main function is to absorb shock and bind tissues together. It also allows water, salts, and ...

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Dense Connective Tissue
Dense Connective Tissue
Dense connective tissue contains more collagen fibers than loose connective tissue. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. There ...

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Layers of Connective Tissue Proper
Layers of Connective Tissue Proper
Fascia, a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue, is distributed throughout the body. It demarcates and forms a supportive covering over skeletal ...

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Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue
Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue
Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body. Bone Matrix Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective ...

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Tissue Membranes
Tissue Membranes
A tissue membrane is a thin layer of cells that covers the outside of the body, the organs, internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body, ...

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Fluid Connective Tissues: Blood and Lymph
Fluid Connective Tissues: Blood and Lymph
Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. They contain cells, also known as formed elements, circulating in a liquid extracellular matrix, the plasma. ...

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Tissue Injury: Inflammation and Repair
Tissue Injury: Inflammation and Repair
Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among ...

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The Effect of Aging on Tissues
The Effect of Aging on Tissues
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and ...
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