JoVE Logo

Iniciar sesión

35.4 : Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.

The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat subunits.

The core subunits of both condensin I and condensin II are SMC2 and SMC4. SMC proteins alter the arrangement of DNA in an ATP-dependent fashion. The other three subunits—the non-SMC or auxiliary subunits—differ between the two complexes.

Studies where vertebrate condensin is depleted have shown distinct roles for condensins I and II in mitotic chromosome formation. Condensin II removal results in longer, more flexible chromosomes, chromosome entanglement, bulky chromatin bridging during anaphase, and a drastic shortening of prophase. In contrast, removal of condensin I leads to shorter, wider chromosomes and a disruption of anaphase that is less severe but still results in cytokinesis failure.

A popular explanation for how condensins compact chromosomes is the loop extrusion model. This model posits that a condensin molecule can bind to two nearby DNA sites and slide them in opposite directions, creating a growing DNA loop. Condensins may also interact with one another to form multimers that link distant segments of chromatin.

Condensin mutations have been linked to several types of cancer. For example, mice with a missense mutation in the gene for a condensin II subunit developed T cell lymphomas. While the mechanisms through which condensins influence chromosomal architecture are still being elucidated, these protein complexes are integral to the cell cycle and cell survival.

Tags

CondensinsProtein ComplexesChromosome CondensationMitosisDNA PackagingCell DivisionChromatin StructureMolecular BiologyGenetic Regulation

Del capítulo 35:

article

Now Playing

35.4 : Condensins

Cell Division

3.4K Vistas

article

35.1 : Mitosis y citocinesis

Cell Division

5.9K Vistas

article

35.2 : Duplicación cromosómica

Cell Division

2.1K Vistas

article

35.3 : Cohesinas

Cell Division

1.5K Vistas

article

35.5 : El huso mitótico

Cell Division

2.7K Vistas

article

35.6 : Duplicación del centrosoma

Cell Division

1.6K Vistas

article

35.7 : Ensamblaje de husillo

Cell Division

1.5K Vistas

article

35.8 : Fijación de cromátidas hermanas

Cell Division

1.2K Vistas

article

35.9 : Fuerzas que actúan sobre los cromosomas

Cell Division

1.3K Vistas

article

35.10 : Separación de cromátidas hermanas

Cell Division

1.5K Vistas

article

35.11 : El punto de control del ensamblaje del husillo

Cell Division

1.2K Vistas

article

35.12 : Anafase A y B

Cell Division

3.3K Vistas

article

35.13 : Complejo Promotor de Anafase

Cell Division

1.2K Vistas

article

35.14 : El anillo contráctil

Cell Division

1.6K Vistas

article

35.15 : Determinación del plano de división celular

Cell Division

998 Vistas

See More

JoVE Logo

Privacidad

Condiciones de uso

Políticas

Investigación

Educación

ACERCA DE JoVE

Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. Todos los derechos reservados