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Abstract

Medicine

Cardiac Response to β-Adrenergic Stimulation Determined by Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis

Published: May 19th, 2021

DOI:

10.3791/62057

1Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 2DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 3Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 4Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen

* These authors contributed equally

Abstract

Determination of the cardiac function is a robust endpoint analysis in animal models of cardiovascular diseases in order to characterize effects of specific treatments on the heart. Due to the feasibility of genetic manipulations the mouse has become the most common mammalian animal model to study cardiac function and to search for new potential therapeutic targets. Here we describe a protocol to determine cardiac function in vivo using pressure-volume loop measurements and analysis during basal conditions and under β-adrenergic stimulation by intravenous infusion of increasing concentrations of isoproterenol. We provide a refined protocol including ventilation support taking into account the positive end-expiratory pressure to ameliorate negative effects during open-chest measurements, and potent analgesia (Buprenorphine) to avoid uncontrollable myocardial stress evoked by pain during the procedure. All together the detailed description of the procedure and discussion about possible pitfalls enables highly standardized and reproducible pressure-volume loop analysis, reducing the exclusion of animals from the experimental cohort by preventing possible methodological bias.

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Keywords Cardiac Response

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