A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content. Sign in or start your free trial.
Abstract
Medicine
ERRATUM NOTICE
Important: There has been an erratum issued for this article. Read more …The electrical signal physiologically generated by pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node (SAN) is conducted through the conduction system, which includes the atrioventricular node (AVN), to allow excitation and contraction of the whole heart. Any dysfunction of either SAN or AVN results in arrhythmias, indicating their fundamental role in electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis. Mouse models are widely used in arrhythmia research, but the specific investigation of SAN and AVN remains challenging.
The SAN is located at the junction of the crista terminalis with the superior vena cava and AVN is located at the apex of the triangle of Koch, formed by the orifice of the coronary sinus, the tricuspid annulus, and the tendon of Todaro. However, due to the small size, visualization by conventional histology remains challenging and it does not allow the study of SAN and AVN within their 3D environment.
Here we describe a whole-mount immunofluorescence approach that allows the local visualization of labelled mouse SAN and AVN. Whole-mount immunofluorescence staining is intended for smaller sections of tissue without the need for manual sectioning. To this purpose, the mouse heart is dissected, with unwanted tissue removed, followed by fixation, permeabilization and blocking. Cells of the conduction system within SAN and AVN are then stained with an anti-HCN4 antibody. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and image processing allow differentiation between nodal cells and working cardiomyocytes, and to clearly localize SAN and AVN. Furthermore, additional antibodies can be combined to label other cell types as well, such as nerve fibers.
Compared to conventional immunohistology, whole-mount immunofluorescence staining preserves the anatomical integrity of the cardiac conduction system, thus allowing the investigation of AVN; especially so into their anatomy and interactions with the surrounding working myocardium and non-myocyte cells.
Erratum
Erratum: Whole-Mount Immunofluorescence Staining, Confocal Imaging and 3D Reconstruction of the Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Node in the MouseAn erratum was issued for: Whole-Mount Immunofluorescence Staining, Confocal Imaging and 3D Reconstruction of the Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Node in the Mouse. The Authors section was updated from:
Ruibing Xia1,2,3
Julia Vlcek1,2
Julia Bauer1,2,3
Stefan Kääb1,3
Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold1,2
Dominic Adam van den Heuvel1,2
Christian Schulz1,2,3
Steffen Massberg1,2,3
Sebastian Clauss1,2,3
1University Hospital Munich, Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
2Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
3German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance
to:
Ruibing Xia1,2,3
Julia Vlcek1,2
Julia Bauer1,2,3
Stefan Kääb1,3
Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold1,2
Dominic Adam van den Heuvel1,2
Christian Schulz1,2,3
Steffen Massberg1,2,3
Sebastian Clauss1,2,3
1University Hospital Munich, Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU) Munich
2Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU) Munich
3German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance
ABOUT JoVE
Copyright © 2024 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved