Microtubule Plus-End Dynamics Visualization in Huntington's Disease Model based on Human Primary Skin Fibroblasts

Summary

This protocol is dedicated to the microtubule plus-end visualization by EB3 protein transfection to study their dynamic properties in primary cell culture. The protocol was implemented on human primary skin fibroblasts obtained from Huntington's disease patients.

Abstract

Transfection with a fluorescently labeled marker protein of interest in combination with time-lapse video microscopy is a classic method of studying the dynamic properties of the cytoskeleton. This protocol offers a technique for human primary fibroblast transfection, which can be difficult because of the specifics of primary cell cultivation conditions. Additionally, cytoskeleton dynamic property maintenance requires a low level of transfection to obtain a good signal-to-noise ratio without causing microtubule stabilization. It is important to take measures to protect the cells from light-induced stress and fluorescent dye fading. In the course of our work, we tested different transfection methods and protocols as well as different vectors to select the best combination of conditions suitable for human primary fibroblast studies. We analyzed the resulting time-lapse videos and calculated microtubule dynamics using ImageJ. The dynamics of microtubules' plus-ends in the different cell parts are not similar, so we divided the analysis into subgroups - the centrosome region, the lamella, and the tail of fibroblasts. Notably, this protocol can be used for in vitro analysis of cytoskeleton dynamics in patient samples, enabling the next step towards understanding the dynamics of the various disease development.

Introduction

Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable neurodegenerative pathology caused by a mutationin gene encodinghuntingtin protein (HTT). HTT is primarily associated with vesicles and microtubules and is probably involved in microtubule-dependent transport processes^1,2. To study the influence of mutant HTT on the microtubule dynamics, we used in vitro visualization of the EB3 protein, that regulates the dynamic properties of microtubules by binding and stabilizing the growing plus-ends. To load fluorescently labeled EB3 into human skin fibroblasts, plasmid transfection was applied. We used the....

Protocol

This protocol follows the guidelines of the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency dated September 08, 2015.

NOTE: Figure 1 gives an overview of the protocol.

1. Obtaining a primary culture of human skin fibroblasts (Figure 2)

1. Deliver the biopsy to a laboratory within a few hours in Dulbecco's .......

Discussion

Better quality results for microtubules' dynamics analysis can be obtained from high-quality microscopic images. It is important to observe all the necessary conditions for time-lapse imaging of living cells and to correctly adjust the imaging parameters. Using special cell culture dishes with a glass bottom (confocal dishes) is important, since glass has a different refractive index of light than plastic. The thickness of the glass and its uniformity over its entire area is also extremely important, since these paramete.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Instrumentation
Camera iXon DU897 EMCCD	Andor Technology
Eppendorf Centrifuge 5804 R	Eppendorf Corporate
Fluorescence filter set HYQ FITC	Nikon		Alternative: Leica, Olympus, Zeiss
LUNA-II Automated Cell Counte	Logos Biosystems	L40002
Microscope incubator for lifetime filming	Okolab	Temperature controller H301-T-UNIT-BL-PLUS
		Gas controller CO2-O2-UNIT-BL
Objective lens CFI Plan Apo Lambda 60x Oil 1.4 (WD 0.13)	Nikon		Alternative: Leica, Olympus, Zeiss
Widefield fluorescence light microscope Eclipse Ti-E	Nikon		Alternative: Leica, Olympus, Zeiss
Software
Fiji (Image J version 2.1.0/1.53c)	Open source image processing software
NIS Elements	Nikon		Alternative: Leica, Olympus, Zeiss
Additional reagents
Mineral oil (Light white oil)	MP	151694
Cell culture dish
Cell Culture Dish	SPL Lifesciences	20035
Confocal Dish (glass thickness 170 µm)	SPL Lifesciences	211350	Alternative: MatTek
Conical Centrifuge tube	SPL Lifesciences	50015
Cryogenic Vials	Corning-Costar	430659
Microcentrifuge Tube	Nest	615001
Cultivation
Lipofectamine 3000 Transfection Reagent	Thermo Fisher Scientific	L3000001
Dimethyl sulfoxide	PanEko	135
DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media)	PanEko	C420
DPBS (Dulbecco's phosphate-salt solution)	PanEko	P060
Fetal bovine serum (FBS)	Hyclone	K053/SH30071.03
Gelatin (bovine skin)	PanEko	070
GlutaMAX	Thermo Fisher Scientific	35050038
Opti-MEM (1x) + Glutamax	Gibco	519850026
Penicillin-streptomycin	PanEko	A063
Trypsin-EDTA (0.25%)	Thermo Fisher Scientific	25200072
Transfection
Plasmid DNA with EB3-GFP	Kind gift of Dr. I. Kaverina [Vanderbilt University, Nashville] with permission from Dr. A. Akhmanova [Erasmus University, Rotterdam]	Stepanova et al., 2003 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-07-02655.2003