assessment-open-probability-mitochondrial-permeability-transition

Assessment of Open Probability of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in the Setting of Coenzyme Q Excess

The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is a voltage-gated, nonselective, inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) mega-channel important in ...

Columbia University Medical Center

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the fastest growing developmental disability in the United States, represents a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction and communication as well as restricted and repetitive behavior. The underlying cause of autism is unknown and therapy is currently limited to targeting behavioral abnormalities. Emerging studies suggest a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and ASD. Here, we review the evidence demonstrating this potential connection. We focus specifically on biochemical links, genetic-based associations, non-energy related mechanisms, and novel therapeutic strategies.

Evidence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism: Biochemical Links, Genetic-Based Associations, and Non-Energy-Related Mechanisms.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading known inherited intellectual disability and the most common genetic cause of autism. The full mutation results in transcriptional silencing of the Fmr1 gene and loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) expression. Defects in neuroenergetic capacity are known to cause a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, we explored the integrity of forebrain mitochondria in Fmr1 knockout mice during the peak of synaptogenesis. We found inefficient thermogenic respiration due to futile proton leak in Fmr1 KO mitochondria caused by coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiency and an open cyclosporine-sensitive channel. Repletion of mitochondrial CoQ within the Fmr1 KO forebrain closed the channel, blocked the pathological proton leak, restored rates of protein synthesis during synaptogenesis, and normalized the key phenotypic features later in life. The findings demonstrate that FMRP deficiency results in inefficient oxidative phosphorylation during the neurodevelopment and suggest that dysfunctional mitochondria may contribute to the FXS phenotype.

Inefficient thermogenic mitochondrial respiration due to futile proton leak in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome.

Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) closure triggers cardiomyocyte differentiation during development while pathological opening causes cell death during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and heart failure. Ubiquinone modulates the mPTP; however, little is known about its mechanistic role in health and disease. We previously found excessive proton leak in newborn Fmr1 KO mouse forebrain caused by ubiquinone deficiency and increased open mPTP probability. Because of the physiological differences between the heart and brain during maturation, we hypothesized that developing Fmr1 KO cardiomyocyte mitochondria would demonstrate dissimilar features.

The newborn Fmr1 knockout mouse: a novel model of excess ubiquinone and closed mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the developing heart.

Insights image for "The newborn Fmr1 knockout mouse: a novel model of excess ubiquinone and closed mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the developing heart".

Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is a potentially lethal consequence of long-term propofol administration. Children are vulnerable and cardiac involvement is often prominent and associated with mortality. We aimed to determine the mechanism of propofol toxicity in newborn mice, hypothesizing that propofol would induce discrete defects within immature cardiac mitochondria.

Keren K. Griffiths

Department of Anesthesiology

Columbia University Medical Center

Assessment of Open Probability of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in the Setting of Coenzyme Q Excess

Keren K. Griffiths

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}Department of Anesthesiology

Columbia University Medical Center

Assessment of Open Probability of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in the Setting of Coenzyme Q Excess

Department of Anesthesiology