NIH 1P01HL089407-01A1 (Lawrence, PI), Hayvan Core A, NIH 1 K01 HL080962-01A2 (Myers, PI) tarafından desteklenir.

1. Fare Anestezi Prosedürleri <ol><li> Hayvanlar kendi kafes çıkarılır ve% 2 izofluran ve dakikada 0,5 litre (buharlaştırıcı kontrollü) akış hızında% 100 oksijen gazı indüksiyonu için ameliyat öncesi anestezi indüksiyon odasına yerleştirilir. </li><li> Fare, anestezi indüksiyon odasında sedasyon odasına çıkarıldı ve ventral karın, bir saç tüy dökücü (1 dak) kullanılması durumunda elektrik kesme makineleri ile traş, ya da odanın içinde korunur. </li><li> Hala sedasyon altında, tartılır, sonra izofluran ve oksijen kullanarak bir burun konisi genel anestezi altında bir sıcak su sirkülasyon ısıtma cihazı dorsal recumbancy yerleştirilen steril oftalmik merhem ve gözleri ile yağlanır. Bu noktada, dakikada 0.2 litre oksijen oranı azalır. </li><li> Karın klorheksidin solüsyonu ile püskürtülür (klorheksidin diasetat hızla bacterialcidal ve kalıcı) ve steril gazlı bez ile üç kez sildi ya da cerrahi bölge temiz olana kadar. </li></ol> 2. Fare Mikro-cerrahi ve Kurtarma Prosedürleri <ol><li> Ventral orta hat kesi (2 cm), deri ve karın duvarı ile karın açığa iris makası ile yapılır. Gazlı bez steril salin batırılmış 2x2 hayvanın sol tarafında bağırsaklarda yansıtmak için kullanılır. Bir fare süzgeç görselleştirme izin inferior vena kava (IVC) yerine konur. </li><li> Bu noktada, izofluran% 2 oranında bir bakım seviyesi azalır ve oksijen oranı, cerrahi işlemin geri kalanı için, dakikada 0.2 litre kalır. </li><li> Künt diseksiyon steril bir aplikatör çubukla ve ekstra hassas iris yarım kavisli doku forseps kullanarak kolaylaştırılır. Bakım son derece kırılgan olduğu için fare dokuları ele alınmalıdır. </li><li> Bütün böbrek damarları iliak bifurkasyon IVC yan dalları, non-reaktif 7-0 prolen sütür ile bağlandı. Geri dalları patent kaldı. </li><li> Gümüş kaplı bakır tel (KY-30-1-GRN, Electrospec, Dover, NJ) bağlı elektrolitik IVC modeli (EIM), paslanmaz çelik bir 25G iğne, maruz kaudal IVC, (Şekil 1) eklenir ve ön duvar (anot) karşı konumlandırılmış. </li><li> Başka bir tel devresi (katot) subkutan tamamladıktan yerleştirilir. </li><li> 15 dakika içinde 250 μAmps güncel bir Çim S48 kare dalga stimülatörü ve sabit bir akım birimi (Çim Teknolojileri, bir Astro-Med, Inc, West Warwick, RI) kullanılarak uygulanmıştır. Trombojenik bir çevre ve daha sonraki trombüs oluşumu teşvik IVC endotel yüzey aşındırmaya elektroliz toksik ürünlerin oluşumunda doğrudan güncel sonuçlar. </li><li> 15 dakika sonra, iğne çıkarılır ve kanamayı önlemek için alana sahip bir pamuklu çubukla hafifçe temas halinde tutulur </li><li> Sahte hayvanlarda, iğne akım uygulaması olmadan, IVC içine yerleştirilir ve sonra kaldırılır. </li><li> Iki katmanlı bir moda laparotomi sitesi kapalı. Laboratuvarımız sürekli bir desen 5-0 Vicryl, sentetik dikiş, karın duvarı kapatmak için kullanır. Yapışkan deri tutkal cilt kapatmak için kullanılır. Çıkarılması için herhangi bir dış sütür vardır. </li><li> Fare sonra yakın bir ısıtma lambası altında (24 inç uzakta kafes dk mesafe) (2 saat 45 dakika) ameliyat sonrası gözlenen bireysel bir fare kafes kurtarıldı, daha sonra kendi orijinal konut döndü. Bu çalışmanın amacı engel değilse, ağrı kesici ilaçlar ve anti-inflamatuar ajanlar kullanılabilir. Bilimsel ağrı kesici ilaçlar alıkoyma gerekçesi, veteriner ve ICUCA onayına ihtiyaç vardır. Laboratuvarımız Buprenorfin ,0.05-0 0,1 mg / kg SQ fareler için mükemmel bir pre-ve post-operatif ağrı kesici olduğunu tespit etmiştir. Lidokain az 4mg/kg (0.4 ml / kg% 1 solüsyon) ek olarak, sistemik analjezikler deneysel sonuçlar karıştırıcı kesi yeri aşılanan. </li><li> Biz genellikle post-operatif derin ven trombozuna bağlı olumsuz etkileri tecrübe etmezler. Bununla birlikte, post-operatif olumsuz etkileri spontan anestezik ölüm, cerrahi kan kaybı, ve sinir travma nedeniyle kısmi parezi içerebilir. Kurtarmak için yavaş beslenen hayvanların nutria jel veya nemli chow hayvanın kurtarma kolaylaştırmak için kafesin zeminine yerleştirilen olabilir. Sever post-operatif komplikasyonlar ile hayvanların insanca ötenazi olmalı. </li><li> Belirlenen süre noktada, ötenazi Ötenazi kemirgenler için Amerikan Veteriner Tıp Derneği Kuralları tarafından belirlenen öneriler doğrultusunda insanca yapılır. </li></ol> 3. Temsilcisi Sonuçlar EIM, sürekli kan akımı varlığı trombüs oluşturan bir model. Aşağıdaki rakamlar bu romanı modeli araştırılmıştır parametreler gösteriyor. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2737/2737fig1.jpg" alt="Şekil 1" /> 25G paslanmaz çelik Şekil 1 definesthe anatomik alaniğne, gümüş kaplı bakır tel (KY-30-1-GRN, Electrospec, Dover, NJ) eklenir. Bir lenf düğümü neredeyse mevcut ve kaudal IVC bulmak için bir dönüm noktası olarak yardımcı olur unutmayın. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2737/2737fig2.jpg" alt="Şekil 2" /> Şekil 2: 2 gün, farklı türlerin EIM sonra Trombüs ağırlık . Beklendiği gibi, trombüs ağırlık PAI-1 KO farelerde daha düşük ve hiperkoagülabilitesi Delta CT farelerde (^ BT) daha büyük oldu. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2737/2737fig3.jpg" alt="Şekil 3" /> Şekil 3: Çözünebilir P-selektin, derin ven trombozu için yapıcı, farklı türlerin ölçüldü. , En yüksek düzeyde hiperkoagülabilitesi delta BT farelerde bulundu iken, en düşük seviyelere PAI-1 KO farelerde bulundu. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2737/2737fig4.jpg" alt="Şekil 4" /> Şekil trombüs ağırlığı ve P-selektin farklı suşları bulunmuştur arasında 4 Korelasyon. Not, kısa trombüs boyutu oluşturulan grup, tespit edilen P-selektin çözünür (PAI-1 KO farelerin) en düşük oldu. Trombüs büyük boyutu oluşturulan grup, tespit edilen P-selektin çözünür (hiperkoagülabilitesi delta BT) en yüksek olduğu. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2737/2737fig5.jpg" alt="Şekil 5" /> Şekil 5: kan akımının varlığını göstermek için, ultrason EIM geçiren farelerde yapıldı. Şekil 5, bir fare EIM 2 gün sonra yapılan ultrason gösterir. Sonra numune hasat edildi. Trombüs şekli akışının huzurunda trombüs oluşumu öneririz Not

<ol>
	<li>Diaz, J. A., Hawley, A. E., Alvarado, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thrombogenesis+with+continuous+blood+flow+in+the+inferior+vena+cava.+A+novel+mouse+model.">Thrombogenesis with continuous blood flow in the inferior vena cava. A novel mouse model.</a> Thromb Haemost. 104, 366-375 (2010).</li><li>Eitzman, D. T., Westrick, R. J., Nabel, E. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasminogen+activator+inhibitor-1+and+vitronectin+promote+vascular+thrombosis+in+mice.">Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and vitronectin promote vascular thrombosis in mice.</a> Blood. 95, 577-580 (2000).</li><li>Myers, D., Farris, D., Hawley, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selectins+influence+thrombosis+in+a+mouse+model+of+experimental+deep+venous+thrombosis.">Selectins influence thrombosis in a mouse model of experimental deep venous thrombosis.</a> J Surg Res. 108, 212-221 (2002).</li><li>Myers, D. D., Hawley, A. E., Farris, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=P-selectin+and+leukocyte+microparticles+are+associated+with+venous+thrombogenesis.">P-selectin and leukocyte microparticles are associated with venous thrombogenesis.</a> J Vasc Surg. 38, 1075-1089 (2003).</li><li>Pierangeli, S. S., Barker, J. H., Stikovac, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+human+IgG+antiphospholipid+antibodies+on+an+in+vivo+thrombosis+model+in+mice.">Effect of human IgG antiphospholipid antibodies on an in vivo thrombosis model in mice.</a> Thromb Haemost. 71, 670-674 (1994).</li><li>Pierangeli, S. S., Liu, X. W., Barker, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+thrombosis+in+a+mouse+model+by+IgG,+IgM+and+IgA+immunoglobulins+from+patients+with+the+antiphospholipid+syndrome.">Induction of thrombosis in a mouse model by IgG, IgM and IgA immunoglobulins from patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome.</a> Thromb Haemost. 74, 1361-1367 (1995).</li></ol>

Fare in vivo deneyler için mükemmel bir araştırma aracı. Böylece, hastalıklar veya patolojik durumları yakından taklit fare modellerinin geliştirilmesi gereklidir. Fotokimyasal (2), staz (3-4) ve mekanik travma (5-6): Çeşitli ven trombozu fare modelleri dahil olmak üzere DVT incelemek için kullanılır olmuştur. Ancak bu modellerin hiçbiri, sürekli kan akımı varlığı trombüs oluşturmak için bir iç endotel uyaran kullanın. EIM, IVC içinde elektrolitik uyaran kullanarak, kan akımının varlığı endotel aktivasyonu (1) venöz thrombogenesis teşvik etmektedir. Bu teknik olarak basit, kolay tekrarlanabilir ve yüksek hayatta kalma oranı (% 99) sahiptir. Elektroliz bir elektrik akımı oluşturmak için kullanılan olduğu gerçeğine rağmen, ısı oluşturulan değildir (1). EIM model klinik DVT yakından taklit ve bu nedenle, trombüs oluşumu ve çözünürlük içsel mekanizmaları çalışmak için değerli bir araç olarak hizmet vermektedir. EIM modeli tromboz hastalığa karşı yeni tedavi yaklaşımları gelişimi için de faydalıdır.

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th> Reaktifin Adı </th><th> Şirket </th><th> Katalog numarası </th><th> Yorumlar (isteğe bağlı) </th></tr><tr><td> DMEM </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> ABCD1234 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

electrolytic inferior vena cava model (eim) of venous thrombosis

Hayvan modelleri, trombüs oluşumu, trombüs çözünürlük çalışma ve potansiyel terapötik bileşiklerin (1) test etmek için, derin ven trombozu (DVT) araştırma hayati bir rol hizmet. DVT tedavisi ve önlenmesinde kullanılmak üzere yeni bileşikler şu anda geliştirilmektedir. Etkilenen bir tromboze ven potansiyel terapötik antagonisti bileşiklerin teslim sorunlu olmuştur. Tedavi uygulamaları kapsamında, son zamanlarda kısmi staz kullanır ve sürekli olarak büyük bir damar içinde trombüs oluşturduğu bir model kurulmuştur. Elektrolitik İnferior vena kava Modeli (EIM) sürekli kan akımı varlığı trombüs oluşumuna izin DVT fare modeli. Bu model, dinamik bir moda trombüs ile temas halinde olduğu için tedavi ajanları sağlar ve DVT (1) diğer modellere göre daha duyarlıdır. Buna ek olarak, bu trombozun modeli yakından trombüs oluşumu klinik durumlar simüle ve venöz endotel hücre aktivasyonu, lökosit göçü, venöz thrombogenesis, çalışma ve tedavi uygulamaları (1) test etmek için idealdir. EIM modeli, teknik olarak basit, kolay tekrarlanabilir, tutarlı trombüs boyutları oluşturur ve analitik amaçlar için gerekli olan (yani trombüs ve damar duvarı) için büyük bir örnek sağlar.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis at JoVE.com

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis

Venöz endotel aktivasyonu ve kısmi kan staz, Virchow triadı iki bileşeni nedeniyle tipi trombüs oluşumu inferior vena kava sonuçlarının iç yüzeyi endotel aktivasyon elektrolitik indüksiyon.

Ven Trombozu Elektrolitik inferior vena kava Modeli (EIM)

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential ...

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Medicine

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model (EIM) of Venous Thrombosis

17.0K Görüntüleme.  University of Michigan. Venöz endotel aktivasyonu ve kısmi kan staz, Virchow triadı iki bileşeni nedeniyle tipi trombüs oluşumu inferior vena kava sonuçlarının iç yüzeyi endotel aktivasyon elektrolitik indüksiyon.

Video: Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis

Microsurgical Venous Pouch Arterial-Bifurcation Aneurysms in the Rabbit Model: Technical Aspects

For ruptured human cerebral aneurysms endovascular embolization has become an equivalent alternative to aneurysm clipping.1 However, large clinical trials have shown disappointing long-term results with unacceptable high rates of aneurysm recanalization and delayed aneurysm rupture.2 To overcome these problems, animal experimental studies are crucial for the development of better endovascular devices.3-5
Several animal models in rats, rabbits, canines and swine are available.6-8 Comparisons of the different animal models showed the superiority of the rabbit model with regard to hemodynamics and comparability of the coagulation system and cost-effectiveness.9-11 
The venous pouch arterial bifurcation model in rabbits is formed by a venous pouch sutured into an artificially created true bifurcation of both common carotid arteries (CCA). The main advantage of this model are true bifurcational hemodynamics.12 The major drawbacks are the sofar high microsurgical technical demands and high morbidity and mortality rates of up to 50%.13 These limitations have resulted in less frequent use of this aneurysm model in the recent years. These shortcomings could be overcome with improved surgical procedures and modified peri- and postoperative analgetic management and anticoagulation.14-16 Our techniques reported in this paper demonstrate this optimized technique for microsurgical creation of arterial bifurcation aneurysms.

An optimized technique for the microsurgical creation of arterial bifurcation aneurysms mimicking bifurcation human cerebral aneurysms is described. A venous pouch is sutured into an artificially created true bifurcation of both common carotid arteries. Facilitated microsurgical techniques and aggressive postoperative anticoagulation and analgesia lead to minimized morbidity rates and high aneurysm patency rates.

Tavşan Modelinde Mikrocerrahi Venöz Kılıfı Arter Bifurkasyon Anevrizmalarının: Teknik Yönleri

For ruptured human cerebral aneurysms endovascular embolization has become an equivalent alternative to aneurysm clipping.1 However, large clinical trials ...

Tıp

Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and mortality rates make VTE a serious health concern 1-2. After heart disease and stroke, VTE is the third most common vascular disease 3. In the U.S. alone, there is an estimated 900,000 people affected each year, with 300,000 deaths occurring annually 3. A reliable in vivo animal model to study the mechanisms of this disease is necessary.
The advantages of using the mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis are several. The mouse model allows for the administration of very small volumes of limited availability test agents, reducing costs dramatically. Most promising is the potential for mice with gene knockouts that allow specific inflammatory and coagulation factor functions to be delineated. Current molecular assays allow for the quantitation of vein wall, thrombus, whole blood, and plasma for assays. However, a major concern involving this model is the operative size constraints and the friability of the vessels. Also, due to the small IVC sample weight (mean 0.005 grams) it is necessary to increase animal numbers for accurate statistical analysis for tissue, thrombus, and blood assays such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA), zymography, vein wall and thrombus cellular analysis, and whole blood and plasma assays 4-8.
The major disadvantage with the stasis model is that the lack of blood flow inhibits the maximal effect of administered systemic therapeutic agents on the thrombus and vein wall.

The mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis yields quantifiable amounts of vein wall tissue and thrombus. It has proven useful for evaluating interactions between the vein wall and the occlusive thrombus and in assessing the progression from acute to chronic inflammation.

İnferior Vena Kava Trombozu Fare Komple Durağanlık Model

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).  In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and ...

Quantitative Analysis and Characterization of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Murine Aortic Sinus

Atherosclerosis is a disease of the large arteries and a major underlying cause of myocardial infarction and stroke. Several different mouse models have been developed to facilitate the study of the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of this disease. In this manuscript we describe specific techniques for the quantification and characterization of atherosclerotic lesions in the murine aortic sinus and ascending aorta. The advantage of this procedure is that it provides an accurate measurement of the cross-sectional area and total volume of the lesion, which can be used to compare atherosclerotic progression across different treatment groups. This is possible through the use of the valve leaflets as an anatomical landmark, together with careful adjustment of the sectioning angle. We also describe basic staining methods that can be used to begin to characterize atherosclerotic progression. These can be further modified to investigate antigens of specific interest to the researcher. The described techniques are generally applicable to a wide variety of existing and newly created dietary and genetically-induced models of atherogenesis.

We describe procedures to quantify and characterize atherosclerotic lesions in mouse models using precision sectioning of the aortic sinus and ascending aorta combined with histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis.

Atherosclerosis is a disease of the large arteries and a major underlying cause of myocardial infarction and stroke. Several different mouse models have ...

Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. The long-term clinical results showed excellent patency rates, however, with significant incidence of stenosis. To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular neotissue formation and prevent stenosis development in tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), we developed a mouse model of the graft with approximately 1 mm internal diameter. First, the TEVGs were assembled from biodegradable tubular scaffolds fabricated from a polyglycolic acid nonwoven felt mesh coated with &#949;-caprolactone and L-lactide copolymer. The scaffolds were then placed in a lyophilizer, vacuumed for 24 hr, and stored in a desiccator until cell seeding. Second, bone marrow was collected from donor mice and mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Third, approximately one million cells were seeded on a scaffold and incubated O/N. Finally, the seeded scaffolds were then implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. The implanted grafts demonstrated excellent patency (&#62;90%) without evidence of thromboembolic complications or aneurysmal formation. This murine model will aid us in understanding and quantifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neotissue formation in the TEVG.

To improve our knowledge of cellular and molecular neotissue formation, a murine model of the TEVG was recently developed. The grafts were implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. This model achieves similar results to those achieved in our clinical investigation, but over a far shortened time-course.

Fare Modeli Inferior Vena Cava İnterpozisyon Greft İmplantasyonu

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. ...

Orthotopic Injection of Breast Cancer Cells into the Mammary Fat Pad of Mice to Study Tumor Growth.

Breast cancer growth can be studied in mice using a plethora of models. Genetic manipulation of breast cancer cells may provide insights into the functions of proteins involved in oncogenic progression or help to discover new tumor suppressors. In addition, injecting cancer cells into mice with different genotypes might provide a better understanding of the importance of the stromal compartment. Many models may be useful to investigate certain aspects of disease progression but do not recapitulate the entire cancerous process. In contrast, breast cancer cells engraftment to the mammary fat pad of mice better recapitulates the location of the disease and presence of the proper stromal compartment and therefore better mimics human cancerous disease. In this article, we describe how to implant breast cancer cells into mice orthotopically and explain how to collect tissues to analyse the tumor milieu and metastasis to distant organs. Using this model, many aspects (growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis) of cancer can be investigated simply by providing a proper environment for tumor cells to grow.

Cancer is a complex disease that is influenced by the tissue surrounding the tumor as well as local pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, orthotropic injection models, rather than subcutaneous models may be useful to study cancer progression in a manner that better mimics human pathology.

Farelerin Meme Fat Pad içine Meme Kanseri Hücreleri Ortotopik Enjeksiyon Tümör Büyüme Eğitim için.

Breast cancer growth can be studied in mice using a plethora of models. Genetic manipulation of breast cancer cells may provide insights into the ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Thrombosis Mouse Model on Carotid Artery and Mesentery Vessel

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric chloride injury is now a well-established technique to rapidly and accurately induce the formation of thrombi in exposed veins or artery of small and large diameter. This model has played a key role in the study of the pathophysiology of thrombosis, in the discovery and validation of novel antithrombotic drugs and in the understanding of the mechanism of action of these new agents. Here, the implementation of this technique on a mesenteric vessel and carotid artery in mice is presented. The method describes how to label circulating leukocytes and platelets with a fluorescent dye and to observe, by intravital microscopy on the exposed mesentery, their accumulation at the injured vessel wall which leads to the formation of a thrombus. On the carotid artery, the occlusion caused by the clot formation is measured by monitoring the blood flow with a Doppler probe.

The FeCl3 induced thrombosis model in mice is described herein. A method to monitor thrombus growth by intravital microscopy observation on a mesenteric vessel and by blood flow measurement in the carotid artery is presented.

Ferric Klorür kaynaklı Karotis Arter ve Mezenter Gemi Tromboz Fare Modeli

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Murine Thrombosis Models

Arterial thrombosis (blood clot) is a common complication of many systemic diseases associated with chronic inflammation, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, cancer and chronic autoimmune rheumatologic disorders. Thrombi are the cause of most heart attacks, strokes and extremity loss, making thrombosis an extremely important public health problem. Since these thrombi stem from inappropriate platelet activation and subsequent coagulation, targeting these systems therapeutically has important clinical significance for developing safer treatments. Due to the complexities of the hemostatic system, in vitro experiments cannot replicate the blood-to-vessel wall interactions; therefore, in vivo studies are critical to understand pathological mechanisms of thrombus formation. To this end, various thrombosis models have been developed in mice. Among them, ferric chloride (FeCl3) induced vascular injury is a widely used model of occlusive thrombosis that reports platelet activation and aggregation in the context of an aseptic closed vascular system. This model is based on redox-induced endothelial cell injury, which is simple and sensitive to both anticoagulant and anti-platelets drugs. The time required for the development of a thrombus that occludes blood flow gives a quantitative measure of vascular injury, platelet activation and aggregation that is relevant to thrombotic diseases. We have significantly refined this FeCl3-induced vascular thrombosis model, which makes the data highly reproducible with minimal variation. Here we describe the model and present representative data from several experimental set-ups that demonstrate the utility of this model in thrombosis research.

We report a refined procedure of the ferric chloride (FeCl3)-induced thrombosis models on carotid and mesenteric artery as well as vein, characterized efficiently using intravital microscopy to monitor time to occlusive thrombi formation.

Ferrik klorit indüklenen fare tromboz modellerinde

Arterial thrombosis (blood clot) is a common complication of many systemic diseases associated with chronic inflammation, including atherosclerosis, ...

Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, we developed a rat model of patch angioplasty that can be used in either a vein or an artery, creating a patch venoplasty or a patch arterioplasty, respectively. Technical aspects of this model are discussed. The infra-renal IVC or aorta are dissected and then clamped proximally and distally. A 3 mm venotomy or arteriotomy is performed in the infrarenal inferior vena cava or aorta of 6 to 8 week-old Wistar rats. A bovine pericardial patch (3 mm x 1.5 mm x 0.6 mm) is then used to close the site using a 10-0 nylon suture. Compared to arterial patches, venous patches show increased neointimal thickness on postoperative day 7. This novel model of pericardial patch angioplasty can be used to examine neointimal hyperplasia on vascular biomaterials, as well as to compare the differences between the arterial and venous environments.

We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

Sıçan Aort veya İnferior Vena Cava de Anjiyoplasti Patch

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, ...

A Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Magnetic Anastomosis Technique for Suprahepatic Vena Cava Reconstruction

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep learning curve. The introduction of the cuff technique for anastomosis of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) has significantly simplified the transplant procedure in rats. However, due to the short anterior wall of the recipients' suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC), the cuff technique is very difficult to use for the reconstruction of the SHVC. Most researchers in this field still use the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction, which makes it the bottleneck step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. The magnetic anastomosis technique (i.e., magnamosis) is a method of connecting two vessels using the attractive force between two magnets. Our recent study has shown that the magnetic anastomosis technique is superior to the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction in rats. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using the novel magnetic anastomosis technique. In this model, the reconstruction of the PV and IHVC was performed by the standard cuff technique, while the reconstruction of the bile duct (BD) was performed by a stent technique. The hepatic re-arterialization was not performed. The magnetic anastomosis technique made SHVC reconstruction much easier and significantly shortened the anphepatic phase. After a reasonable learning curve, even researchers without advanced microsurgical skills can produce reliable and reproducible results using this rat model of OLT.

The reconstruction of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) remains a difficult step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using a novel magnetic anastomosis technique.

Orthotopic fare modeli bir roman manyetik anastomoz teknik Suprahepatic Vena kava imar için kullanılarak karaciğer nakli

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Canine Carotid Artery Thrombosis: A Large Animal Model of Vascular Injury

Occlusive arterial thrombosis leading to cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction contributes to ~13 million deaths every year globally. Here, we have translated a vascular injury model from a small animal into a large animal (canine), with slight modifications that can be used for pre-clinical screening of prophylactic and thrombolytic agents. In addition to the surgical methods, the modified protocol describes the step-by-step methods to assess carotid artery canalization by angiography, detailed instructions to process both the brain and carotid artery for histological analysis to verify carotid canalization and cerebral hemorrhage, and specific parameters to complete an assessment of downstream thromboembolic events by utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, specific procedural changes from the previously well-established small animal model necessary to translate into a large animal (canine) vascular injury are discussed.

Here, we present the modifications necessary to a well characterized and commonly used small animal ferric chloride-induced (FeCl3) carotid artery injury model for use in a large animal vascular injury model. The resulting model can be utilized for pre-clinical trial assessment of both prophylactic and thrombolytic pharmacological and mechanical interventions.

Ferrik klorid kaynaklı köpek karotid arter trombozu: Bir büyük hayvan modeli vasküler yaralanma

Occlusive arterial thrombosis leading to cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction contributes to ~13 million deaths every year globally. Here, ...