Bu çalışma Alexander von Humboldt Vakfı (5090371), Anti Araştırma ve Eğitim Christine Kühne Merkezi (CK-CARE) ve Bayerischen Staatsministerium (KD için) tarafından desteklenmiştir.

1. İlköğretim Fibroblast Kültürler gelen SKP İzolasyon <ol><li> Hücre bankaları veya doğrudan deri biyopsileri elde edilen ya da fibroblast fibroblast büyüme ortamı DMEM,% 15 fetal dana serumu, 2 mM glutamin, 10 mg / ml penisilin ve 10 mg / ml streptomisin ihtiva eden kültür içinde muhafaza edilir. </li></ol> İnsan fibroblast GMO3349C ve GMO8398A Tıbbi Araştırma Enstitüsü Coriell (Camden, NJ) &#39;den elde edildi ve bu çalışmada kullanılmıştır. <ol start="2"><li> Nüfus çiftleştirmeyi kültürlerinde (PPD) 20-35% 80 arasında bir katışma az SKP kültürler kullanılmıştır. Bir 10 cm doku kültürü çanak (BD Falcon) yaklaşık 1.5x10 6 hücre içerir. </li><li> 37 ° C&#39;de 1 saat boyunca 2 ml tripsin çözeltisi (% 0.25, Invitrogen) ° C PBS ile inkübe edilir ve hücreleri yıkayın </li><li> 5 ml PBS ile plaka hücreleri toplamak ve bir 15 ml Falcon tüpüne hücre süspansiyonu aktarın. </li><li> 24 saat boyunca 4 ° C&#39;de inkübe hücreleri. </li><li> DMEM-F12, 03:01 (v / v) ve 40 ng / ml &#39;FGF2 (BD Biosciences, 20 ng / ml EGF (BD Biosciences), B27 serumsuz takviyesi% 2 (Invitrogen), 1 ug oluşan SKP büyüme ortamı hazırlamak / ml Fungizone (Invitrogen) ve 25 mm / ml gentamisin (Invitrogen). </li><li> Pelet 5 dakika boyunca 1,200 rpm&#39;de hücreleri ve 4 ml SKP büyüme ortamı içinde, doğrudan hücre pelletini. 25 cm 2 doku kültürü şişesi (BD Falcon) için hücre süspansiyonu aktarın. </li><li> 37 ° C&#39;de inkübe edin ve şişeye 3-4 hafta boyunca günlük olarak küre oluşumu için kültür izler. </li></ol> 2. Küre Kültür Koşullar <ol><li> 37 ° C,% 5 CO 2 az 25 cm 2 şişesi (BD Falcon) Kültür hücreleri. </li><li> Şişenin dibine bağlı hücre önlemek için kuvvetli bir şekilde günlük olarak çalkalanır. Gerekirse, yapışık hücreleri ayırmak ve yeni bir balona kültür aktarmak için 2 ml steril pipet ile aşağı yukarı pipet ve. </li><li> İlk küre 3 t içinde oluşturmaya başlayabilirsinizo 4 gün. </li><li> Orta her 3 günde bir şişeye ve değişim yarım dibine küreler tortu izin. Büyüme faktörleri, aynı nihai konsantrasyonda tutmak için taze hazırlanmış SKP besiyerine 2X büyüme faktörleri ekleyin. </li><li> 4 ml maksimum hacmi sabit tutun. </li><li> Küreler ~ 200 mm boyutu ulaştığında onlar güçlü bir 2 ml pipet ile aşağı yukarı pipetleme ve daha küçük boyuta küreler parçalayarak geçişli olmalıdır. </li><li> Kültür adım 2.4) açıklandığı gibi yem iki 25 cm 2 matara (BD Falcon) ve küreler kültürler ayrılmıştır. </li><li> Küreler 21 gün 16 ile tarama kök hücre belirteçleri için toplanır. </li></ol> 2.6) ve 2.7) gelen prosedüre küre yayılma tarif (1) SKP orta dahil besin ve büyüme faktörleri her alanı içinde tüm hücreleri erişim sağlar ve (2) önce kullanım SKP küre kültür genişletin. Bizim cu altında genellikle Küre kültürLTURE şartlar, üç aylık bir süre boyunca büyüme kapasitesini korumak ve 3-4 kez arasında tatbik edilir. 3. Kök Hücre Markers için İmmünositokimya <ol><li> Küre kültürler gün 16 ile 21 PBS içinde hasat edilir. Kültürler 5 dakika boyunca 1000 rpm&#39;de pellet haline getirilir. </li><li> Küreler PBS küçük bir hacim içinde tekrar süspanse edilir. </li><li> Mikroskop slaytlar (Fisher marka) üzerinde çapı yaklaşık 0.5 mikron bir DAKO kalemle iki daire çizin. </li><li> Daire içine küre süspansiyonu 50 ul ekleyin. </li><li> Her damla küreler varlığı için ışık mikroskobu ile kontrol edin. </li><li> Başlık altında damla kurumasını bekleyin. </li><li> Ya -80 ° C&#39;de slaytlar dondurmak veya Immunoflorans boyama protokolü ile devam edin. </li><li> Immünofloresan boyama için, 10 dakika boyunca -20 ° C&#39;de önceden soğutulmuş metanol (% 100) ile slaytlar düzeltmek. </li><li> PBS ile slaytlar yıkayın. </li><li> PBS/10% Fetal sığır serumu / 0.02% Triton X100 ile slaytlar Bloken az 1 saat boyunca kanştınldı. </li><li> PBS/10% 4, 2 saat oda sıcaklığında veya gece boyunca FBS ° C: tampon engelleme seyreltilmiş birincil antikor (örneğin, bir anti-Nestin, anti-Oct4, anti-TG30, anti-Nanog antikorlar, Tablo 3) ile inkübe </li><li> Tampon engelleme ile 3 kez yıkanır ve oda sıcaklığında 1 saat boyunca sekonder antikor ile inkübe edin. </li><li> PBS ile 3 kez tampon ve engelleme ile 3 kez yıkanır. </li><li> Vectashield montaj orta (Vektör Inc) ile montaj slaytlar. </li><li> Mikroskobi ile kök hücre belirteçleri ifade örnekleri analiz edin. </li></ol> 4. Kök Hücre belirteçlerinin İfade Düzeylerinin gerçek zamanlı PCR Analizi <ol><li> 21 gün 18 yaklaşık 2-3 ml Küre kültürleri alın. </li><li> Pelet 5 dakika boyunca 1.200 rpm&#39;de küreler ve tüm orta aspire. </li><li> RNeasy Minikit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) kullanılarak kürelerden RNA izole edin. </li><li> Spektrometresi ve agaroz jel RNA saflık değerlendirin. &lt;/ Li&gt; <li> Şablon olarak toplam hücresel RNA kullanarak (Omniscript Reverse Transcriptase (Qiagen)) cDNA sentez. </li><li> 20 ul her bir primerden 375 nM ve 50 ng şablon bir konsantrasyon ile bir güç SYBR Green PCR master (Applied Biosystems) kök hücre işaretleyicileri (Tablo 1 &#39;de gösterildiği gibi) için gerçek zamanlı PCR kullanılarak primerleri ile kök hücre belirteçleri doğrulamak reaksiyon hacmi. GAPDH endojen kontrol olarak kullanılır. </li><li> Amplifikasyon 20 saniye boyunca 5 saniye 60 ° C 95 ° C&#39;de 40 döngü, ardından 2.5 dakika boyunca 95 ° C&#39;de bir ilk denatürasyon ° C kullanın. </li><li> 2 (ΔΔCt) yöntemi 8 ile çalışma analiz edin. </li></ol> 5. Düz Kas Hücreleri içine Yönetmen Farklılaşma <ol><li> 21. gün ile 26 küreler SKP ortam içinde 6 bölümlü kültür tabaklarında (BD Falcon) içine ekildi. </li><li> Hücreler, 72 saat boyunca ortam içinde SKP kürelerden yapışır ve büyümek için izin verildi. </li><li> Düz kas hücreleri (SMC&#39;lere) diferansiyeiyon% 5 FBS, 5 ng / ml PDGF-BB (Invitrogen) ve 2.5 ng / ml TGF-B1 (Invitrogen) içeren yüksek glukoz Dulbecco&#39;nun modifiye Eagle ortamında (Invitrogen) &#39;dan oluşan SMC farklılaşma ortamı ile orta değiştirilmesi tarafından başlatılan başladı . </li><li> Orta kültürlerde 3-4 haftalık bir süre boyunca taze hazırlanmış SMC farklılaşma ortamı ile her 3 günde bir değiştirildi. </li><li> SMC işaretleri için tarama immünohistokimya ile 3-4 hafta sonra gerçekleştirilmiştir. </li><li> Hücreler, 10 dakika boyunca PBS içinde% 4 paraformaldehid solüsyonu ile tespit edilmiştir. </li><li> Hücreler PBS 30 dakika için% 0.3 Triton X-100 ihtiva eden permeabilize edilmiştir. </li><li> Hücreler, oda sıcaklığında 1 saat ve daha fazla olarak 3.15) 3.12 &#39;de açıklandığı gibi işlenmiş) için αSMA (MO851, Dako, 1:100) veya calponin (M3556, Dako, 1:100) karşı antikorlar ile inkübe edildi. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Jahoda, C. A., Whitehouse, J., Reynolds, A. J., Hole, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hair+follicle+dermal+cells+differentiate+into+adipogenic+and+osteogenic+lineages.">Hair follicle dermal cells differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages.</a> Exp. Dermatol. 12, 849 (2003).</li><li>Watt, F. M., Celso, L. o., C, V., Silva-Vargas, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidermal+stem+cells:+an+update.">Epidermal stem cells: an update.</a> Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 16, 518 (2006).</li><li>Blanpain, C., Horsley, V., Fuchs, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epithelial+stem+cells:+turning+over+new+leaves.">Epithelial stem cells: turning over new leaves.</a> Cell. 128, 445 (2007).</li><li>Hunt, D. P., Jahoda, C., Chandran, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multipotent+skin-derived+precursors:+from+biology+to+clinical+translation.">Multipotent skin-derived precursors: from biology to clinical translation.</a> Vurr. Opin. Biotechnol. 20, 522 (2009).</li><li>Toma, J. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+multipotent+adult+stem+cells+from+the+dermis+of+mammalian+skin.">Isolation of multipotent adult stem cells from the dermis of mammalian skin.</a> Nat. Cell Biol. 3, 778 (2001).</li><li>Fernandes, K. J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+dermal+niche+for+multipotent+adult+skin-derived+precursor+cells.">A dermal niche for multipotent adult skin-derived precursor cells.</a> Nat. Cell Biol. 6, 1082 (2004).</li><li>Wenzel, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Na&#239;ve+adult+stem+cells+from+patients+with+Hutchinson-Gilford+progeria+syndrome+express+low+levels+of+progerin+in+vivo.">Na&#239;ve adult stem cells from patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome express low levels of progerin in vivo.</a> Bio. Open. 1, (2012).</li><li>Livak, K. J., Schmittgen, T. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+relative+gene+expression+data+using+real-time+quantitative+PCR+and+the+2(-Delta+Delta+C(T))+Method.">Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method.</a> Methods. 25, 402 (2001).</li><li>Biernaskie, J. A., McKenzie, I. A., Toma, J. T., Miller, F. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+skin-derived+precursors+(SKPs)+and+differentiation+and+enrichment+of+their+Schwann+cell+progeny.">Isolation of skin-derived precursors (SKPs) and differentiation and enrichment of their Schwann cell progeny.</a> Nature Protocol. 1, 2803 (2006).</li><li>Toma, J. G., McKenzie, I., Bagli, D., Miller, F. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterization+of+multipotent+skin-derived+precursors+from+human+skin.">Isolation and characterization of multipotent skin-derived precursors from human skin.</a> Stem Cells. 23, 727 (2005).</li><li>Fernandes, K. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+the+neurogenic+potential+of+multipotent+skin-derived+precursors.">Analysis of the neurogenic potential of multipotent skin-derived precursors.</a> Electrophoresis. 201, 32 (2006).</li><li>Hill, l. K. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+embryonic+stem+cell-derived+vascular+progenitor+cells+capable+of+endothelial+and+smooth+muscle+cell+function.">Human embryonic stem cell-derived vascular progenitor cells capable of endothelial and smooth muscle cell function.</a> Exp. Hematol. 38, 246 (2010).</li></ol>

Biz ifşa hiçbir şey yok.

Bu tarifnamede anlatılan yöntem kullanılarak, naif dermal kök hücrelerin, birincil deri fibroblast izole edilebilir. Bu yaklaşımı kullanarak, son zamanlarda nadir görülen genetik bir sendrom, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria sendromu 7 hastalarda elde edilen fibroblast kültürlerden erişkin kök hücrelerin izolasyonu ve karakterizasyonu rapor. Gibi bu öncü hücreler ifade kök hücre belirteçleri kendini yenileme yeteneğine sahiptir ve (lütfen Wenzel ve ark. Tarafından 4 bkz.,</...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of the reagent</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue number</td>
			<td>Comments (optional)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM high glucose</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>31966-047</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM low glucose</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>21885-108</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10270-106</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25030-024</td>
			<td>Final conc.: 200 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/ Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>Final conc.: 10 mg/ml /10 mg /ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>trypsin solution (0.25%)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>F-12 Nutrient Mixture (Ham)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>21765-029</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FGF2</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>4114-TC-01M</td>
			<td>Final conc.: 40 ng/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EGF</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>236-EG-200</td>
			<td>Final conc.: 20 ng/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PDGFBB</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>PHG0043</td>
			<td>Final conc.: 5 ng/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TGF-b1</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>PHG9204</td>
			<td>Final conc.: 2.5 ng/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>25 cm2 flask</td>
			<td>Omnilab</td>
			<td>FALC353109</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS w/o CaMg</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>14190-169</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B27</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>17504-044</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>8388.2</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vectashield mounting medium</td>
			<td>Vector Inc.</td>
			<td>H-1200</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNeasy Minikit</td>
			<td>Qiagen, Valencia, CA</td>
			<td>74104</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Omniscript Reverse Transcriptase</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>205113</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SsoFast EvaGreen Supermix</td>
			<td>BioRad</td>
			<td>172-5201</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fungizone</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15290-018</td>
			<td>Final conc.:1 mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Table 2. Specific reagents and equipment.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

na&iuml;ve adult stem cells isolation from primary human fibroblast cultures

Son on yılda, birçok yetişkin kök hücre popülasyonlarının insan derisi 1-4 tespit edilmiştir. Multipotent yetişkin dermal öncüleri izolasyonu ilk Miller F. D laboratuarı 5, 6 tarafından bildirildi. Bu ilk çalışmalar yetişkin memeli dermis 5 Bir multipotent öncül hücre popülasyonu nitelendirdi. Bu hücreler - adlandırılan SKPS, cilt kaynaklı öncüleri için - izole ve kemirgen ve insan derisi genişletilmiş ve bu nöronlar 5 gibi deride bulmadım hücre tipleri de dahil olmak üzere sinir ve mezodermal hem döl, içine ayırt edildi. Kültür SKPS üzerinde immünositokimyasal çalışmalar hücre fibronektin ve multipotent kök hücre işaretleyicileri 6 ek olarak vimentin ve Nestin, sinir ve kas öncüleri olarak ifade bir ara filaman proteini ifade olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Şimdiye kadar, yetişkin kök hücreleri nüfus SKPS yeni toplanmış memeli biyopsi izole edilmiştir. ve_content &quot;&gt; Son zamanlarda, kurulan ve cilt elde öncü hücreler nüfusu biyopsi 7 kurulan primer fibroblast kültürlerinde mevcut kalabileceklerini bildirdi. birkaç somatik kök hücreleri erken nüfus çiftlenmeler birincil fibroblast kültürlerinde ikamet olabilir varsayım oldu Aşağıdaki gözlemlerine dayanarak: (1) SKPS ve primer fibroblast kültürleri dermis türetilmiştir ve SKP hücrelerin bu nedenle az sayıda birincil dermal fibroblast kültürlerinde mevcut kalamayacağını ve (2) primer fibroblast kültürleri olmuştur dondurulmuş alikotları büyüdü 7 yaşayabilecek durumda kalır küçük bir hücre sayısı bulunan depolama ve nakil sırasında uygun olmayan bir sıcaklığa maruz. Bu nadir hücreleri birkaç kez genişletmek ve geçişli olabilir başardık. Bu gözlem, önerilen, yüksek proliferasyon gücü ve strese karşı direnci olan küçük bir hücre sayısı insan fibroblast kültürlerinde 7 mevcuttu. Biz dünya çapında doku bankaları (Şekil 1) temin edilebilir primer fibroblast kültürlerden yetişkin kök hücrelerin hızlı izolasyonu için bir protokol oluşturmak için bu bulguların yararlandı. Deri örnekleri erişilemez zaman fibroblast kültürleri içinde moleküler nadir genetik hastalıkların altında yatan mekanizmaların yanı sıra modelleme hastalıkları incelemek için yeni fırsatlar açılması, böylece, doku bankalardan bulunabilir ederken öncü hücrelerin izolasyonu sağlayan bu yöntem önemli bir öneme sahip çanak.

Biz son 7 raporlanan seçici EGF ve FGF2 oluşan kontrollü büyüme koşul altında SKP küreler oluşturmak için genişletmek hücre populasyonunun birincil dermal fibroblast kültürleri (Şekil 1) mevcut olduğunu göstermektedir. Tipik olarak hücre bankaları temin primer fibroblastlar suşları uygun PPD 15 ile 25 fibroblast bu çalışmada kullanılmıştır. Bu yöntem, anlatılan 24 saat süre ile yiyecek tüketimi ile birlikte soğuk tedavi oluşan çi...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about NaÃ¯ve Adult Stem Cells Isolation from Primary Human Fibroblast Cultures at JoVE.com

Na&amp;#239;ve Adult Stem Cells Isolation from Primary Human Fibroblast Cultures

Birincil insan fibroblast ikinci naif multipotent ten türetilmiş öncü (SKP) hücreleri izole etmek için bir yöntem sunulmaktadır. Biz fibroblast kültürleri elde edilen bu SKPS insan deri biyopsisi doğrudan elde benzeyen kök hücre özelliklerini paylaşmak olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu hücreler, örneğin Oct4 ve Nanog olarak multipotent işaretleri ek olarak nöral tepe işaretleyici, Nestin, ifade eder.

İlköğretim İnsan fibroblast Kültürler gelen naif Erişkin Kök Hücre İzolasyon

Over the last decade, several adult stem cell  populations have been identified in human skin 1-4.  The isolation of multipotent adult dermal precursors ...

nave-adult-stem-cells-isolation-from-primary-human-fibroblast-cultures

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Biology

Na&iuml;ve Adult Stem Cells Isolation from Primary Human Fibroblast Cultures

14.0K Görüntüleme.  Technische Universität München. Birincil insan fibroblast ikinci naif multipotent ten türetilmiş öncü (SKP) hücreleri izole etmek için bir yöntem sunulmaktadır. Biz fibroblast kültürleri elde edilen bu SKPS insan deri biyopsisi doğrudan elde benzeyen kök hücre özelliklerini paylaşmak olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu hücreler, örneğin Oct4 ve Nanog olarak multipotent işaretleri ek olarak nöral tepe işaretleyici, Nestin, ifade eder.

Video: Na&#239;ve Adult Stem Cells Isolation from Primary Human Fibroblast Cultures

Isolation and Large Scale Expansion of Adult Human Endothelial Colony Forming Progenitor Cells

This paper introduces a novel recovery strategy for endothelial colony forming progenitor cells (ECFCs) from heparinized but otherwise unmanipulated adult human peripheral blood within a mean of 12 days. After large scale expansion &gt;1x108 ECFCs can be obtained for further tests. Advantageously by using pHPL the contact of human cells with bovine serum antigens can be excluded. By flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry the isolated cells can be characterized as ECFC and their in vitro functionality to form vascular like structures can be tested in a matrigel assay. Further these cells can be subcutaneously injected in a mouse model to form functional, perfused vessels in vivo. After long term expansion and cryopreservation proliferation, function and genomic stability appear to be preserved. 3,4
This animal-protein free isolation and expansion method is easily applicable to generate a large quantity of ECFCs.

Endothelial colony forming progenitor cells (ECFCs) are a promising tool to study vascular homeostasis and repair.1,2 This paper introduces a novel animal-serum free method for isolation and expansion of ECFC from heparinised adult human peripheral blood with pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) diminishing the risk of anti-bovine immunisation.

İzolasyon ve Büyük Ölçekli Genişleme Yetişkin İnsan Endotel Koloni Oluşturan Progenitör Hücreler

This paper introduces a novel recovery strategy for endothelial colony forming progenitor cells (ECFCs) from heparinized but otherwise unmanipulated adult ...

Biyoloji

Establishing Primary Adult Fibroblast Cultures From Rodents

The importance of using primary cells, rather than cancer cell lines, for biological studies is becoming widely recognized. Primary cells are preferred in studies of cell cycle control, apoptosis, and DNA repair, as cancer cells carry mutations in genes involved in these processes. Primary cells cannot be cultured indefinitely due to the onset of replicative senescence or aneuploidization. Hence, new cultures need to be established regularly. The procedure for isolation of rodent embryonic fibroblasts is well established, but isolating adult fibroblast cultures often presents a challenge. Adult rodent fibroblasts isolated from mouse models of human disease may be a preferred control when comparing them to fibroblasts from human patients. Furthermore, adult fibroblasts are the only available material when working with wild rodents where pregnant females cannot be easily obtained. Here we provide a protocol for isolation and culture of adult fibroblasts from rodent skin and lungs. We used this procedure successfully to isolate fibroblasts from over twenty rodent species from laboratory mice and rats to wild rodents such as beaver, porcupine, and squirrel.

This article describes a protocol for isolation and maintenance of primary fibroblast cultures from skin and lung tissue of wild rodents.

Kemirgenler itibaren İlköğretim Yetişkin Fibroblast Kültürleri kurulması

The importance of using primary cells, rather than cancer cell lines, for biological studies is becoming widely recognized.  Primary cells are preferred ...

Isolation of Stem Cells from Human Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in a growing number of malignancies and are functionally defined by their ability to undergo self-renewal and produce differentiated progeny1. These properties allow CSCs to recapitulate the original tumor when injected into immunocompromised mice. CSCs within an epithelial malignancy were first described in breast cancer and found to display specific cell surface antigen expression (CD44+CD24low/-)2. Since then, CSCs have been identified in an increasing number of other human malignancies using CD44 and CD24 as well as a number of other surface antigens. Physiologic properties, including aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, have also been used to isolate CSCs from malignant tissues3-5.
Recently, we and others identified CSCs from pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on
ALDH activity and the expression of the cell surface antigens CD44 and CD24, and CD1336-8. These highly tumorigenic populations may or may not be overlapping and display other functions. We found that ALDH+ and CD44+CD24+ pancreatic CSCs are similarly tumorigenic, but ALDH+ cells are relatively more invasive8. In this protocol we describe a method to isolate viable pancreatic CSCs from low-passage human
xenografts9. Xenografted tumors are harvested from mice and made into a single-cell suspension. Tissue debris and dead cells are separated from live cells and then stained using antibodies against CD44 and CD24 and using the ALDEFLUOR reagent,
a fluorescent substrate of ALDH10. CSCs are then isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Isolated CSCs can then be used for analytical or functional assays requiring viable cells.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in a number of malignancies. In this protocol we describe a flow cytometric method utilizing aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and CD44 and CD24 expression to isolate CSCs from human pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts. These viable cells can then be used in functional and analytical studies.

İnsan Pankreas Kanseri Xenografts Kök Hücre İzolasyonu

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in a growing number of malignancies and are functionally defined by their ability to undergo self-renewal ...

Isolation and Culture of Adult Epithelial Stem Cells from Human Skin

The homeostasis of all self-renewing tissues is dependent on adult stem cells. As undifferentiated stem cells undergo asymmetric divisions, they generate daughter cells that retain the stem cell phenotype and transit-amplifying cells (TA cells) that migrate from the stem cell niche, undergo rapid proliferation and terminally differentiate to repopulate the tissue.
Epithelial stem cells have been identified in the epidermis, hair follicle, and intestine as cells with a high in vitro proliferative potential and as slow-cycling label-retaining cells in vivo 1-3. Adult, tissue-specific stem cells are responsible for the regeneration of the tissues in which they reside during normal physiologic turnover as well as during times of stress 4-5. Moreover, stem cells are generally considered to be multi-potent, possessing the capacity to give rise to multiple cell types within the tissue 6. For example, rodent hair follicle stem cells can generate epidermis, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles 7-9. We have shown that stem cells from the human hair follicle bulge region exhibit multi-potentiality 10.
Stem cells have become a valuable tool in biomedical research, due to their utility as an in vitro system for studying developmental biology, differentiation, tumorigenesis and for their possible therapeutic utility. It is likely that adult epithelial stem cells will be useful in the treatment of diseases such as ectodermal dysplasias, monilethrix, Netherton syndrome, Menkes disease, hereditary epidermolysis bullosa and alopecias 11-13. Additionally, other skin problems such as burn wounds, chronic wounds and ulcers will benefit from stem cell related therapies 14,15. Given the potential for reprogramming of adult cells into a pluripotent state (iPS cells)16,17, the readily accessible and expandable adult stem cells in human skin may provide a valuable source of cells for induction and downstream therapy for a wide range of disease including diabetes and Parkinson's disease.

A rapid, robust way of isolating viable adult epithelial stem cells from human skin is described. The method utilizes enzymatic digestion of skin collagen matrix , followed by plucking of hair follicles and isolation of single cell suspensions or tissue fragments for cell culture.

İnsan Cilt Yetişkin Epitel Kök Hücre İzolasyonu ve Kültür

The homeostasis of all self-renewing tissues is dependent on adult stem cells. As undifferentiated stem cells undergo asymmetric divisions, they generate ...

Selecting and Isolating Colonies of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed from Adult Fibroblasts

Herein we present a protocol of reprogramming human adult fibroblasts into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) using retroviral vectors encoding Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-myc (OSKM) in the presence of sodium butyrate 1-3. We used this method to reprogram late passage (&gt;p10) human adult fibroblasts derived from Friedreich's ataxia patient (GM03665, Coriell Repository). The reprogramming approach includes highly efficient transduction protocol using repetitive centrifugation of fibroblasts in the presence of virus-containing media. The reprogrammed hiPSC colonies were identified using live immunostaining for Tra-1-81, a surface marker of pluripotent cells, separated from non-reprogrammed fibroblasts and manually passaged 4,5. These hiPSC were then transferred to Matrigel plates and grown in feeder-free conditions, directly from the reprogramming plate. Starting from the first passage, hiPSC colonies demonstrate characteristic hES-like morphology. Using this protocol more than 70% of selected colonies can be successfully expanded and established into cell lines. The established hiPSC lines displayed characteristic pluripotency markers including surface markers TRA-1-60 and SSEA-4, as well as nuclear markers Oct3/4, Sox2 and Nanog. 
The protocol presented here has been established and tested using adult fibroblasts obtained from Friedreich's ataxia patients and control individuals 6, human newborn fibroblasts, as well as human keratinocytes.

We present a protocol for efficient reprogramming of human somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) using retroviral vectors encoding Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-myc (OSKM) and identification of correctly reprogrammed hiPSC by live staining with Tra-1-81 antibody.

İnsan İsteyerek Pluripotent Kök Hücre seçme ve ayırma Kolonileri Yetişkin Fibroblastlar gelen reprogrammed

Herein we present a protocol of reprogramming human adult fibroblasts into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) using retroviral vectors encoding ...

Preparation of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cells Suitable for Culturing Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In general, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)1 can be cultured under variable conditions. However, it is not easy to establish an effective system for culturing these cells. Since the culture conditions can influence gene expression that confers pluripotency in hESCs and hiPSCs, the optimization and standardization of the culture method is crucial.
The establishment of hESC lines was first described by using MEFs as feeder cells and fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing culture medium2. Next, FBS was replaced with knockout serum replacement (KSR) and FGF2, which enhances proliferation of hESCs3. Finally, feeder-free culture systems enable culturing cells on Matrigel-coated plates in KSR-containing conditioned medium (medium conditioned by MEFs)4. Subsequently, hESCs culture conditions have moved towards feeder-free culture in chemically defined conditions5-7. Moreover, to avoid the potential contamination by pathogens and animal proteins culture methods using xeno-free components have been established8.
To obtain improved conditions mouse feeder cells have been replaced with human cell lines (e.g. fetal muscle and skin cells9, adult skin cells10, foreskin fibroblasts11-12, amniotic mesenchymal cells13). However, the efficiency of maintaining undifferentiated hESCs using human foreskin fibroblast-derived feeder layers is not as high as that from mouse feeder cells due to the lower level of secretion of Activin A14. Obviously, there is an evident difference in growth factor production by mouse and human feeder cells.
Analyses of the transcriptomes of mouse and human feeder cells revealed significant differences between supportive and non-supportive cells. Exogenous FGF2 is crucial for maintaining self-renewal of hESCs and hiPSCs, and has been identified as a key factor regulating the expression of Tgf&beta;1, Activin A and Gremlin (a BMP antagonist) in feeder cells. Activin A has been shown to induce the expression of OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG in hESCs15-16.
For long-term culture, hESCs and hiPSCs can be grown on mitotically inactivated MEFs or under feeder-free conditions in MEF-CM (MEF-Conditioned Medium) on Matrigel-coated plates to maintain their undifferentiated state. Success of both culture conditions fully depends on the quality of the feeder cells, since they directly affect the growth of hESCs.
Here, we present an optimized method for the isolation and culture of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), preparation of conditioned medium (CM) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the levels of Activin A within the media.

The quality of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) is dictated by the right strain of mouse such as CF-1. Pluripotency-supportive MEFs and conditioned media (CM) obtained from these should contain optimal concentrations of Activin A, Gremlin and Tgf&beta;1 needed for the Activin/Nodal and FGF pathways to co-operatively maintain self-renewal and pluripotency.

Kültürleme İnsan Embriyonik ve Bağlı Pluripotent Kök Hücrelerinin için uygundur Fare embriyonik fibroblast hücreleri hazırlanması

In general, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)1 can be cultured under variable conditions. However, it ...

Rapid Fibroblast Removal from High Density Human Embryonic Stem Cell Cultures

Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were used to establish human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) cultures after blastocyst isolation1. This feeder system maintains hESCs from undergoing spontaneous differentiation during cell expansion. However, this co-culture method is labor intensive, requires highly trained personnel, and yields low hESC purity4. Many laboratories have attempted to minimize the number of feeder cells in hESC cultures (i.e. incorporating matrix-coated dishes or other feeder cell types5-8). These modified culture systems have shown some promise, but have not supplanted the standard method for culturing hESCs with mitomycin C-treated mouse embyronic fibroblasts in order to retard unwanted spontaneous differentiation of the hESC cultures. Therefore, the feeder cells used in hESC expansion should be removed during differentiation experiments. Although several techniques are available for purifying the hESC colonies (FACS, MACS, or use of drug resistant vectors) from feeders, these techniques are labor intensive, costly and/or destructive to the hESC. The aim of this project was to invent a method of purification that enables the harvesting of a purer population of hESCs. We have observed that in a confluent hESC culture, the MEF population can be removed using a simple and rapid aspiration of the MEF sheet. This removal is dependent on several factors, including lateral cell-to-cell binding of MEFs that have a lower binding affinity to the styrene culture dish, and the ability of the stem cell colonies to push the fibroblasts outward during the generation of their own "niche". The hESC were then examined for SSEA-4, Oct3/4 and Tra 1-81 expression up to 10 days after MEF removal to ensure maintenance of pluripotency. Moreover, hESC colonies were able to continue growing from into larger formations after MEF removal, providing an additional level of hESC expansion.

Despite ongoing efforts to transition cultures to feeder-free conditions, the derivation and culture of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) remain largely dependent on co-cultures with mouse embryonic feeders (MEFs). Here, we show a novel methodology for rapidly removing feeders from hESC cultures prior to experimentation.

Yüksek Yoğunluklu İnsan Embriyonik Kök Hücre Kültürleri gelen Rapid Fibroblast Kaldırma

Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were used to establish human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) cultures after blastocyst isolation1. This feeder system ...

Isolation of Immune Cells from Primary Tumors

Tumors create a unique immunosuppressive microenvironment (tumor microenvironment, TME) whereby leukocytes are recruited into the tumor by various chemokines and growth factors 1,2. However, once in the TME, these cells lose the ability to promote anti-tumor immunity and begin to support tumor growth and down-regulate anti-tumor immune responses 3-4. Studies on tumor-associated leukocytes have mainly focused on cells isolated from tumor-draining lymph nodes or spleen due to the inherent difficulties in obtaining sufficient cell numbers and purity from the primary tumor. While identifying the mechanisms of cell activation and trafficking through the lymphatic system of tumor bearing mice is important and may give insight to the kinetics of immune responses to cancer, in our experience, many leukocytes, including dendritic cells (DCs), in tumor-draining lymph nodes have a different phenotype than those that infiltrate tumors 5,6 . Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that adoptively-transferred T cells isolated from the tumor-draining lymph nodes are not tolerized and are capable of responding to secondary stimulation in vitro unlike T cells isolated from the TME, which are tolerized and incapable of proliferation or cytokine production 7,8. Interestingly, we have shown that changing the tumor microenvironment, such as providing CD4+ T helper cells via adoptive transfer, promotes CD8+ T cells to maintain pro-inflammatory effector functions 5. The results from each of the previously mentioned studies demonstrate the importance of measuring cellular responses from TME-infiltrating immune cells as opposed to cells that remain in the periphery. To study the function of immune cells which infiltrate tumors using the Miltenyi Biotech isolation system9, we have modified and optimized this antibody-based isolation procedure to obtain highly enriched populations of antigen presenting cells and tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The protocol includes a detailed dissection of murine prostate tissue from a spontaneous prostate tumor model (TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate -TRAMP) 10 and a subcutaneous melanoma (B16) tumor model followed by subsequent purification of various leukocyte populations.

In this report, we describe a protocol for isolating highly purified populations of leukocytes that infiltrate tumors. This protocol is adapted from the Miltenyi Biotech protocol to enhance yield and purity for isolating cells from complex tumor tissue.

Primer Tümörler gelen Bağışıklık Hücre İzolasyonu

Tumors create a unique immunosuppressive microenvironment (tumor microenvironment, TME) whereby leukocytes are recruited into the tumor by various ...

Isolation and Culture of Individual Myofibers and their Satellite Cells from Adult Skeletal Muscle

Muscle regeneration in the adult is performed by resident stem cells called satellite cells. Satellite cells are defined by their position between the basal lamina and the sarcolemma of each myofiber. Current knowledge of their behavior heavily relies on the use of the single myofiber isolation protocol. In 1985, Bischoff described a protocol to isolate single live fibers from the Flexor Digitorum Brevis (FDB) of adult rats with the goal to create an in vitro system in which the physical association between the myofiber and its stem cells is preserved 1. In 1995, Rosenblattmodified the Bischoff protocol such that myofibers are singly picked and handled separately after collagenase digestion instead of being isolated by gravity sedimentation 2, 3. The Rosenblatt or Bischoff protocol has since been adapted to different muscles, age or conditions 3-6. The single myofiber isolation technique is an indispensable tool due its unique advantages. First, in the single myofiber protocol, satellite cells are maintained beneath the basal lamina. This is a unique feature of the protocol as other techniques such as Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting require chemical and mechanical tissue dissociation 7. Although the myofiber culture system cannot substitute for in vivo studies, it does offer an excellent platform to address relevant biological properties of muscle stem cells. Single myofibers can be cultured in standard plating conditions or in floating conditions. Satellite cells on floating myofibers are subjected to virtually no other influence than the myofiber environment. Substrate stiffness and coating have been shown to influence satellite cells' ability to regenerate muscles 8, 9 so being able to control each of these factors independently allows discrimination between niche-dependent and -independent responses. Different concentrations of serum have also been shown to have an effect on the transition from quiescence to activation. To preserve the quiescence state of its associated satellite cells, fibers should be kept in low serum medium 1-3. This is particularly useful when studying genes involved in the quiescence state. In serum rich medium, satellite cells quickly activate, proliferate, migrate and differentiate, thus mimicking the in vivo regenerative process 1-3. The system can be used to perform a variety of assays such as the testing of chemical inhibitors; ectopic expression of genes by virus delivery; oligonucleotide based gene knock-down or live imaging. This video article describes the protocol currently used in our laboratory to isolate single myofibers from the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscle of adult mice (6-8 weeks old).

Isolation and culture of myofibers is the gold standard in vitro system to study the transition of satellite cells through quiescence, activation and differentiation. Importantly, the single myofiber culture system preserves the myofiber/stem cell association, which is an essential component of the muscle stem cell niche.

Yetişkin İskelet Kası gelen bireysel Myofibers ve Uydu Hücre İzolasyonu ve Kültür

Muscle  regeneration in the adult is performed by resident stem cells called satellite  cells. Satellite cells are defined by  their position between the ...

Manual Isolation of Adipose-derived Stem Cells from Human Lipoaspirates

In 2001, researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, described the isolation of a new population of adult stem cells from liposuctioned adipose tissue that they initially termed Processed Lipoaspirate Cells or PLA cells. Since then, these stem cells have been renamed as Adipose-derived Stem Cells or ASCs and have gone on to become one of the most popular adult stem cells populations in the fields of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. Thousands of articles now describe the use of ASCs in a variety of regenerative animal models, including bone regeneration, peripheral nerve repair and cardiovascular engineering. Recent articles have begun to describe the myriad of uses for ASCs in the clinic. The protocol shown in this article outlines the basic procedure for manually and enzymatically isolating ASCs from large amounts of lipoaspirates obtained from cosmetic procedures. This protocol can easily be scaled up or down to accommodate the volume of lipoaspirate and can be adapted to isolate ASCs from fat tissue obtained through abdominoplasties and other similar procedures.

In 2001, researchers at UCLA described the isolation of a population of adult stem cells, termed Adipose-derived Stem Cells or ASCs, from adipose tissue. This article outlines the isolation of ASCs from lipoaspirates using a manual, enzymatic digestion protocol using collagenase.

İnsan Lipoaspirates den Yağ-türetilen Kök Hücre Manuel İzolasyon

In 2001, researchers at the University of  California, Los Angeles, described the isolation of a new population of adult  stem cells from liposuctioned ...