Bu eser ulusal anahtar araştırma ve geliştirme programı Çin (2017YFA0104604), Ulusal Doğa Bilimleri Vakfı, Çin'in (NSFC, 81772093), Genel Program tarafından desteklenmiştir bilim ve Suzhou teknoloji geliştirme programı (ZXL2015128), Jiangsu Eyaleti doğal Bilim Vakfı (BK20161241) ve Shandong Taishan Scholar Ödülü (tshw201502065).

Bu protokol için kullanılan insan doku kurumun insan Araştırma Etik Komitesi kurallarına göre ele (NO.2015120401, tarihi: 12 Mayıs 2015).
1. hazırlıkları
<ol><li>Plastik cerrahi ile buz gibi Dulbecco 10 mL 50 mL tüp Hastanesi'nde üzerinden atılan toplamak taze yetişkin karın cilt dokularının kartal Orta (DMEM) değiştiren. Örnek, hücre canlılığı önemli ölçüde etkilemeden en fazla 72 saat için 4 ° C'de tutulabilir.</li>
	<li>Reaktifler ve kültür orta aşağıda açıklandığı şekilde hazırlayın.<ol>
<li>1 mL penisilin (100 U/mL) ve streptomisin (100 mg/L) 50 mL fosfat tamponlu çözeltisi (PBS) yıkama çözüm hazırlamak için ekleyin.</li>
		<li>İki enzim sindirim çözümler kümesi hazırlamak: (1) dispase (DMEM içinde 2.5 mg/mL) 50 mL hazırlamak ve 50 mL tip ı collagenase (2.5 mg/mL DMEM) ayrı ayrı geleneksel yöntemi; ve (2) 50 mL dispase karışımı hazırlamak ve tip ı collagenase (erime 125 mg dispase tozu ve 125 mg tip ı collagenase toz DMEM 50 mL) yeni yöntem için. Not: Tüm enzim çözümler olmalı bir 0,22-µm süzgeç ile filtre ve sürekli at4 ° C.</li>
		<li>Her iki yöntem için sindirim çözümleri hazırlamak: % 0.05 tripsin ve % 0.25 tripsin ticari olarak satın. Bir 10 mg/mL DNaz hazırlamak ben 50 mg 5 mL PBS, toz DNaz eriterek tarafından çözüm 0,22-µm süzgeç ile filtre ve -20 ° C'de depolayın</li>
		<li>Orta enzimatik sindirim nötralize etmek için 500 mL hazırlamak: DMEM orta % 10 fetal Sığır serum (FBS) ve % 1 penisilin/streptomisin ile desteklenmiştir.</li>
		<li>Aşı Orta (G-Orta olarak adlandırılan büyüme faktörü içeren orta,) 500 mL hazırlamak: içeren % 1 penisilin/streptomisin, 40 µg/mL fungizone, 40 ng/mL fibroblast büyüme faktörü 2 (FGF2), 20 ng/mL epidermal büyüme faktörü (EGF), DMEM/F12 (3:1) orta ve %2 B27 ek.</li>
		<li>100-mm hücre kültürü pretreat yemekleri kaplama matris türünü içeren 2 mL ile ben kollajen, oda sıcaklığında 30 dakika.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>2. geleneksel Yöntem
<ol><li>
Cilt doku Önarıtma
	<ol>
<li>1,5 cm2 cilt dokusunun almak ve yıkayın 1 x 10 mL PBS; o zaman, 10 mL % 70 etanol için 30 ile durulayın s ve o kuluçkaya 2 x 10 mL, 5 min çözüm (PBS) % 2 penisilin ve streptomisin içeren, yıkama ile. Not: Tüm yıkama 100-mm hücre kültür yemekleri bir laminar akış başlık içinde gerçekleştirilir.</li>
		<li>Deri altı yağ tabakası bir 100-mm hücre kültür çanağı kaldırmak ve sonra (Bu iletişim kuralı 1 g ağırlığıdır) deri dokusu tartmak için steril makasla doku kırpın. Not: Yeterli düzeltme dermis çok epidermis verimli ayrılması için çok önemlidir. Sarımsı yağ katman kolayca görsel olarak ayırt edilebilir.</li>
		<li>Ve aşağı başka bir 100-mm Steril çanak DermIS tarafı ile doku transfer, o zaman, cilt dokusu bir neşter bıçak kullanarak 3 - için 4-mm-geniş şeritler halinde kesin. Not: DermIS yan yağ tabaka ile kolayca görsel olarak kabul edilmektedir.</li>
		<li>100-mm kültür tabağına cilt dokularının 10 mL 2.5 mg/mL dispase çözeltisi ekleyin ve sonra bir gecede 4 ° C'de (en fazla 20 h) çanak kuluçkaya. Not: Dispase çözüm miktarı her gram doku sindirim için 10 mL dispase çözeltisi kullanılarak hesaplanabilir.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
Epidermis ayrılması deri dokusu
	<ol>
<li>İkinci gün, iyi Cımbız kullanarak dermis epidermis akasındaki. Not: epidermis soyma zorsa, dispase sindirim hangi genellikle yetersiz doku düzeltme nedeniyle olduğunu yeterli değildi. Bu durumda, doku daha uzun bir kuluçka süresi gerekir.</li>
		<li>Hücre kültür ortamının 500 µL ile soyulmuş epidermis neşter bıçakları kullanarak bir doku Bulamaç kıyma; daha sonra 10 mL % 0.25 tripsin bir 50 mL tüp ile resuspend ve 37 ° C'de sallayarak ile bir su banyosu içinde 20 dk kuluçkaya.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
Toplama ve primer hücre kültürü çalışmalarının
	<ol>
<li>Tripsin etkinlik nötralize çözüm (bu Protokolü 10 mL) eşit bir hacmi ekleyerek etkisiz hale getirin.</li>
		<li>Çözüm yukarı ve aşağı 20 x 10 mL serolojik pipet ile pipetting tarafından epidermal hücrelerin ayırmak ve hücre çözümü herhangi bir kalıntı doku enkaz kaldırmak için 100 µm hücre süzgeç aracılığıyla geçmek.</li>
		<li>Hücre çözümü 200 x g 5 min için de filtrasyon sonra santrifüj kapasitesi; hücre Pelet nötralizasyon orta yıkama resuspend ve sonra tekrar hücre Pelet elde etmek için 200 x g santrifüj kapasitesi.</li>
		<li>Hücre Pelet düşük kalsiyum, serum-Alerjik keratinosit Orta (SFM) 10 mL resuspend. Bu çözümün Toplam hücresini saymak ve sonra SFM 10 mL içine kaplama matris ile ön işleme 100-mm hücre kültür yemekler ile yaklaşık 2 x 106 hücre plakası için 10 µL al (içeren tip ı kollajen). Not: Kaplama geleneksel yöntem için gerekli bir adımdır.</li>
		<li>Kültür orta her 2 d değiştirin. Not: bir mikroskop altında hücre adezyon önce ve kültür orta değiştirdikten sonra kontrol edin.</li>
		<li>Yaklaşık % 80 ulaştığında hücreleri geçiş izdiham. Not: Tüm kültür yemekleri ile kaplama matris ön işleme.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>3. yeni yöntemi
<ol><li>
Cilt doku Önarıtma
	<ol>
<li>Doku açıklandığı gibi yukarıdaki (adım 2.1) geleneksel yöntem için toplamak.</li>
		<li>Deri dokusu 1 yıkama x 10 mL PBS ile ve daha sonra tartmak bir steril plastik kap içinde elektronik bir ölçek (ağırlığı ise yaklaşık 1 g bu protokolü) tarafından. Not: kullanılan doku örnek çok küçük ise hücreler yeterli sayıda elde etmek zor olduğundan 0.1 g, doku bu iletişim kuralı için gerekli minimum ağırlık olur. Sonuçta operatör işleme kapasitesine bağlıdır bu iletişim kuralı için doku yok maksimum ağırlık vardır.</li>
		<li>10 mL % 70 etanol için 30 ile deri dokusu durulama için forseps kullanın s.</li>
		<li>Doku 2 kuluçkaya x 10 mL, 5 min için (adım 2.1.1 hazır) çözüm her zaman yıkama ile. Not: yukarıda belirtilen tüm çamaşır adımlar 100-mm hücre kültür yemekleri laminar akış hood (doku kültürü hood) içinde gerçekleştirilir.</li>
		<li>Doku başka bir 100-mm hücre kültür steril yemek için transfer.</li>
		<li>Neşter bıçakları kullanarak, doku iyice bir doku Bulamaç kıyma.</li>
		<li>200 µL her 5 dk PBS, ıslak mendil tutmak için ekleyin. : Dikkat adımları 3.1.5 - 3.1.7 yaklaşık 15 dakikadır. Yukarıdaki tüm adımları oda sıcaklığında gerçekleştirilir.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
Sindirim cilt dokusunun
	<ol>
<li>Homojenize doku çözüm 50 mL tüp içine aktarın. 10 mL cilt dokusunun her 1 g için enzim karışımı ekleyin. Enzimler homojenize kurcalayarak iyice karıştırın.</li>
		<li>1s için 37 ° C'de bir su banyosunda sallayarak ile karışımı kuluçkaya.</li>
		<li>Başka bir 30 dk 37 ° C'de bir su banyosu içinde sindirim karışımı için % 0.25 tripsin (Bu iletişim kuralı 2.5 mL) 1/5 hacmi ekleyin</li>
		<li>DNaz ekleyin ben çözüm 1: 100 (v/v) oranında (Bu protokolündeki 250 µL) enzim karışımı ve oda sıcaklığında 5 min için kuluçkaya.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
Toplama ve primer hücre kültürü çalışmalarının
	<ol>
<li>1:1 oran içinde 12,5 mL nötralizasyon orta ekleyerek sindirim işlemini durdurun. Çözüm yukarı ve aşağı yaklaşık 20 x 10 mL serolojik pipet hücreleri ayırmak için kullanma için pipette.</li>
		<li>Disosiye hücreleri doku enkaz kaldırmak için 100 µm hücre süzgeç aracılığıyla filtre. Süpernatant 200 x g 5 dk. gözlemlemek Pelet tüpün dibinde de santrifüj kapasitesi.</li>
		<li>Süpernatant atmak ve nötralizasyon orta ve santrifüj 10 mL ile hücre Pelet tekrar 200 x g hücreleri toplamak 5 min için de yıka.</li>
		<li>Hücre Pelet aşılama Orta (adım 1.2.5 G-Orta) 10 ml Y-27632 10 µM ile resuspend.</li>
		<li>Toplam hücre sayar ve ardından, G-Orta 10 mL 100-mm hücre kültür çanak içine ile yaklaşık 2 x 106 hücre plakası için çözüm 10 µL al. Not: Precoating adım yeni yöntemi için gerekli değildir ve hiçbir kaldırma dermal tabakanın da gereklidir.</li>
		<li>3 d sonra aşı orta düşük kalsiyum SFM orta ile değiştirin. Kültür orta her 2 d değiştirin. Not: hücre adezyon önce ve orta değiştirdikten sonra kontrol edin.</li>
		<li>Yaklaşık % 80 ulaştığında hücreleri geçiş izdiham. Not: gerekirse, % 0.05 tripsin 2 min için hücrelerle pretreat ve deri hücreleri epidermal hücrelerin trypsinizing önce kirletici kaldırmak için PBS hücrelerle yıkayın.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>4. hücre Passaging
<ol><li>Orta kaldırmak, PBS hücrelerle yıkayın ve ardından, 2 mL % 0.05 tripsin (başına her 100-mm çanak) ekleyin.</li>
	<li>5 min için bir kuluçka (37 ° C % 5 CO2) hücrelerde kuluçkaya.</li>
	<li>Tüm hücreler kültür çanak ayırdıktan emin olmak için bir mikroskop kullanarak hücreleri denetleyin.</li>
	<li>DMEM 8 mL % 10 ile ekleyin FBS enzimatik reaksiyon etkisiz hale getirmek ve daha sonra bir 15 mL tüp hücreleri toplamak için.</li>
	<li>200 x g hücre Pelet elde etmek 5 min için de santrifüj kapasitesi.</li>
	<li>Yavaş yavaş süpernatant kaldırmak ve, sonra hücre Pelet SFM orta 10 mL ile resuspend ve hücreleri saymak.</li>
	<li>1 x 106 hücre SFM 10 mL her 100-mm hücre çanak içine ile plaka.</li>
	<li>Her 2 d orta değiştirin.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Ojeh, N., Pastar, I., Tomic-Canic, M., Stojadinovic, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+Cells+in+Skin+Regeneration,+Wound+Healing,+and+Their+Clinical+Applications.">Stem Cells in Skin Regeneration, Wound Healing, and Their Clinical Applications.</a> International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 16 (10), 25476-25501 (2015).</li><li>Sotiropoulou, P. A., Blanpain, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+homeostasis+of+the+skin+epidermis.">Development and homeostasis of the skin epidermis.</a> Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in BIology. 4 (7), a008383 (2012).</li><li>Kamstrup, M., Faurschou, A., Gniadecki, R., Wulf, H. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidermal+stem+cells+-+role+in+normal,+wounded+and+pathological+psoriatic+and+cancer+skin.">Epidermal stem cells - role in normal, wounded and pathological psoriatic and cancer skin.</a> Current Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy. 3 (2), 146-150 (2008).</li><li>Blanpain, C., Fuchs, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidermal+stem+cells+of+the+skin.">Epidermal stem cells of the skin.</a> Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 22 (22), 339-373 (2006).</li><li>Guo, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Building+a+microphysiological+skin+model+from+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Building a microphysiological skin model from induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy. 4 (S1), S2 (2013).</li><li>Aasen, T., Izpisua Belmonte, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+cultivation+of+human+keratinocytes+from+skin+or+plucked+hair+for+the+generation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Isolation and cultivation of human keratinocytes from skin or plucked hair for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Nature Protocols. 5 (2), 371-382 (2010).</li><li>Bayati, V., Abbaspour, M. R., Neisi, N., Hashemitabar, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skin-derived+precursors+possess+the+ability+of+differentiation+into+the+epidermal+progeny+and+accelerate+burn+wound+healing.">Skin-derived precursors possess the ability of differentiation into the epidermal progeny and accelerate burn wound healing.</a> Cell Biology International. 41 (2), 187-196 (2017).</li><li>Hirsch, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regeneration+of+the+entire+human+epidermis+using+transgenic+stem+cells.">Regeneration of the entire human epidermis using transgenic stem cells.</a> Nature. 551 (7680), 327-332 (2017).</li><li>Hentzer, B., Kobayasi, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Separation+of+human+epidermal+cells+from+fibroblasts+in+primary+skin+culture.">Separation of human epidermal cells from fibroblasts in primary skin culture.</a> Archiv f&#252;r dermatologische Forschung. 252 (1), 39-46 (1975).</li><li>Terunuma, A., Limgala, R. P., Park, C. J., Choudhary, I., Vogel, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+procurement+of+epithelial+stem+cells+from+human+tissue+specimens+using+a+Rho-associated+protein+kinase+inhibitor+Y-27632.">Efficient procurement of epithelial stem cells from human tissue specimens using a Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor Y-27632.</a> Tissue Engineering Part A. 16 (4), 1363-1368 (2010).</li><li>Zhou, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ROCK+inhibitor+Y-27632+increases+the+cloning+efficiency+of+limbal+stem/progenitor+cells+by+improving+their+adherence+and+ROS-scavenging+capacity.">ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 increases the cloning efficiency of limbal stem/progenitor cells by improving their adherence and ROS-scavenging capacity.</a> Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods. 19 (7), 531-537 (2013).</li><li>Kurosawa, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+Rho-associated+protein+kinase+(ROCK)+inhibitor+to+human+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Application of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor to human pluripotent stem cells.</a> Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 114 (6), 577-581 (2012).</li><li>Wen, J., Zu, T., Zhou, Q., Leng, X., Wu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Y-27632+simplifies+the+isolation+procedure+of+human+primary+epidermal+cells+by+selectively+blocking+focal+adhesion+of+dermal+cells.">Y-27632 simplifies the isolation procedure of human primary epidermal cells by selectively blocking focal adhesion of dermal cells.</a> Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. 12 (2), e1251-e1255 (2018).</li><li>Zou, D., Pan, J., Zhang, P., Wu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+method+to+isolate+human+epidermal+keratinocytes.">A new method to isolate human epidermal keratinocytes.</a> Journal of Clinical Dermatology (in Chinese). 6, 424-429 (2016).</li><li>Cerqueira, M. T., Frias, A. M., Reis, R. L., Marques, A. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interfollicular+epidermal+stem+cells:+boosting+and+rescuing+from+adult+skin).">Interfollicular epidermal stem cells: boosting and rescuing from adult skin).</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 989, 1-9 (2013).</li><li>Candi, E., Schmidt, R., Melino, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cornified+envelope:+a+model+of+cell+death+in+the+skin.">The cornified envelope: a model of cell death in the skin.</a> Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 6 (4), 328-340 (2005).</li><li>Breyer, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+Rho+kinases+increases+directional+motility+of+microvascular+endothelial+cells.">Inhibition of Rho kinases increases directional motility of microvascular endothelial cells.</a> Biochemical Pharmacology. 83 (5), 616-626 (2012).</li><li>Wozniak, M. A., Modzelewska, K., Kwong, L., Keely, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Focal+adhesion+regulation+of+cell+behavior.">Focal adhesion regulation of cell behavior.</a> Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1692 (2-3), 103-119 (2004).</li></ol>

Yazarlar ifşa gerek yok.

Kültürlü birincil HKCs yaygın olarak fazla üç yıl için klinikler yaraları tedavi etmek için kullanılan ve o zamandan beri her zaman verimli bir şekilde zamanında yeterli sayıda klinik uygulamaları için hücre elde etmek önemli olmuştur. Bu nedenle, uygulamada, dermis epidermis ayrılması gerektirir, geleneksel yalıtım yöntemini hücrelerin ve yetişkin hücreleri geçiş yeteneği düşük düşük verim nedeniyle bu talepleri karşılamak zor olur. Burada, verimli bir şekilde HKCs için laboratuar...

Amaç birincil insan keratinositler (HKCs)--dan yetişkin dokular, özellikle klinik uygulamalar için yalıtmak için basit ve etkili bir iletişim kuralı geliştirmekti. Cilt epidermal kök hücreleri, deri, bazal tabaka içinde lokalize çoğalırlar ve ayırt etmek ve cilt1,2,3, fonksiyonlarını korumak için Lenfositi sağlamak için yüksek bir potansiyele sahip 4. deri dokuları yaygın cilt doku mühendisliği ve yenilenme amacıyla kullanılan, özellikle hasarlı cilt onarım ve gen tedavisi için klinik uygulamaları5,6izole HKCs. Önemli HKC tabanlı uygulamalar için etkili bir şekilde izole ve HKCs çok sayıda yüksek potansiyel vitro7,8ile genişletin konudur. Çeşitli araştırma grupları kök benzeri HKCs kültürleri üretmek için yöntemler geliştirdik, bu yöntemler bazen düşük hücre verimleri ve cilt numune türü tarafından sınırlı olmak gibi diğer kısıtlamalar bulunmaktadır ve gerçekleştirmek karmaşık ve zaman alıcı olmakla birlikte 9kullanılır. Örneğin, HKCs cilt dokularının yalıtmak için geleneksel yöntem iki aşamalı enzimatik sindirim epidermis bir ayırma DermIS6ile karıştırmak. Bu yöntem genellikle de yenidoğan dokular için çalışıyor, ama yetişkin doku hücreleri izole etmek için kullanıldığında çok zor olur.
Y-27632, Rho ilişkili protein kinaz (kaya), bir inhibitörü bildirilmiştir önemli ölçüde epidermal kök hücre izolasyon ve koloni büyüme10,11,12verimliliği artırmak için. Bir önceki çalışmada, keşfettiğimiz Y-27632 epidermal hücrelerin klonal büyümesini kolaylaştıran ama differentially adezyon molekülleri13ifade kontrol ederek deri hücreleri verimini azaltır. Ayrıca büyüme ve verim birincil epidermal hücre destekler G-Orta adı verilen yeni bir şartına aşılama orta kurduk. G-Orta Y-27632 ile birleştirerek, bu roman yöntemi kendiliğinden böylece epidermis-DermIS ayrılık13,14adım kaldırma enzim sindirim sonra epidermal ve dermal hücreleri ayırabilirsiniz. Önceki raporlara dayanarak, biz şimdi detaylı HKCs yetişkin cilt dokusundan ayırmak için bu yeni yöntemin açıklayınız.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:1344px;" width="1342">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:263px;">Countess automated cell counter</td>
			<td style="width:291px;">Invitrogen Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">C10227</td>
			<td style="width:527px;">Automatic cell counting&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">CO2 Incubator</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>51026333</td>
			<td>For cell incubating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Sorvall ST 16R Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>75004380</td>
			<td>Cell centrifuge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Constant Temperature Shaker</td>
			<td>Shanghai Boxun</td>
			<td>150036</td>
			<td>For water bath</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Electronic Scale</td>
			<td>Harbin Zhonghui</td>
			<td>1171193</td>
			<td>For tissue weighing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Cell Culture Dish</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>30702115</td>
			<td>For cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">50ml Centrifuge Tube</td>
			<td>KIRGEN</td>
			<td>171003</td>
			<td>For cell centrifuge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Cell Strainer</td>
			<td>Corning incorporated</td>
			<td>431792</td>
			<td>Cell filtration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Phosphate buffered solution</td>
			<td>Solarbio Life Science&#160;</td>
			<td>P1020-500</td>
			<td>Washing solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">DMEM</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>C11995500</td>
			<td>Component of neutralization medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Defined K-SFM</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10785-012</td>
			<td>Epidermal cells culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Penicillin Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>Antibiotics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Biological Industries</td>
			<td>04-001-1AC5</td>
			<td>Component of neutralization medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">0.05% Trypsin</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25300-062</td>
			<td>For HKC dissociation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">0.25% Trypsin&#160;</td>
			<td>Beijing Solarbio Science &#38; Technology</td>
			<td>T1350-100</td>
			<td>For HKC dissociation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Coating Matrix Kit</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>R-011-K</td>
			<td>For coating matrix</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Dispase</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17105-041</td>
			<td>For HKC isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Collagenase Type I</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>17100-017</td>
			<td>For HKC isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Deoxyribonuclease I</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>9003-98-9</td>
			<td>For HKC isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">F12 Nutrient Mix, Hams</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>31765035</td>
			<td>Component of G-medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">B27 Supplement</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>17504044</td>
			<td>Growth factor in G-medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">FGF-2 Millipore</td>
			<td>Merck Biosciences</td>
			<td>341595</td>
			<td>Growth factor in G-medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Y-27632</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Y0503</td>
			<td>ROCK inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Fungizone</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15290026</td>
			<td>Preparation for G-medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">EGF Recombinant Human Protein</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>PHG0311</td>
			<td>Growth factor in G-medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Cell Counting Kit-8</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9864731</td>
			<td>cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Mouse Anti-Human Cytokeratin5</td>
			<td>Hewlett-Packard Development Company</td>
			<td>MA-20142</td>
			<td>For immunofluorescence staining to check differentiation marker of HKCs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Rabbit Anti-Human Loricrin</td>
			<td>Covance</td>
			<td>PRB-145p</td>
			<td>For immunofluorescence staining to check differentiation marker of HKCs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Mouse anti-human Vimentin</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td>3390</td>
			<td>For immunofluorescence staining of dermal fibroblasts</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Integrin &#945;6(GOH3)</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz&#160;</td>
			<td>SC-19622</td>
			<td>flow cytometry analysis of HKCs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:263px;">Rat IgG2a FITC</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz&#160;</td>
			<td>SC-2831</td>
			<td>negative control antibody of &#945;6-integrin&#160; in flow cytometry analysis&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a simplified and efficient method to isolate primary human keratinocytes from adult skin tissue

Taze cilt dokularının ve kendi genişleme vitro izole birincil insan Lenfositi yaygın olarak laboratuvar araştırma ve klinik uygulamaları için kullanılmaktadır. İnsan Lenfositi geleneksel yalıtım yöntemi nedeniyle düşük hücre kurtarma hızı ve düşük hücre yetişkin dokulara gelen primer hücre oluşturmak için verimsiz olduğu kanıtlanmış bir iki adım sıralı enzimatik sindirim yordamı içerir canlılığı. Biz son zamanlarda Orta Rho kinaz inhibitörü Y-27632 kullanan insan birincil epidermal progenitör hücrelerin cilt dokularının yalıtmak için gelişmiş bir yöntem bildirdi. Geleneksel iletişim kuralı ile karşılaştırıldığında, bu yeni yöntem daha basit, daha kolay ve daha az zaman alıcı ve epitel kök hücre verim artar ve kök hücre özellikleri geliştirir. Ayrıca, yeni metodoloji dermis epidermis ayrılması does değil istemek ve, bu nedenle, farklı türdeki yetişkin doku hücreleri yalıtmak için uygundur. Bu yeni yalıtım yöntemi geleneksel yöntemlerle önemli eksiklikleri üstesinden gelir ve daha yüksek güç için laboratuar ve klinik uygulamalar için ile çok sayıda epidermal hücre üretmek için uygundur. Burada, yeni yöntem ayrıntılı olarak açıklanmaktadır.

Şematik diyagramları yeni yöntemi (resim 1A) ve geleneksel Yöntem (Şekil 1B) Şekil 1' de sunulmaktadır. 2 günlük yordamı gerektirir bir iki adım sindirim geleneksel yöntemdir. Buna karşılık, en yeni yöntemdir gerçekleştirmek için yaklaşık 3 saat sürer bir tek adımlı sindirim. Önemlisi, tek adımlı Yöntem Y-27632 varlığı aşılama orta bağlıdır aynı anda iki popülasy...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simplified and Efficient Method to Isolate Primary Human Keratinocytes from Adult Skin Tissue at JoVE.com

A Simplified and Efficient Method to Isolate Primary Human Keratinocytes from Adult Skin Tissue

Burada birincil insan Lenfositi yetişkin cilt dokularının üzerinden verimli bir şekilde ayırmak için bir protokol mevcut. Bu yöntem geleneksel yordamı ROCK inhibitörü Y-27632 aşılama ortamda kendiliğinden dermal hücrelerden epidermal hücrelerin ayırarak basitleştirir.

Birincil insan Lenfositi yetişkin cilt dokusundan izole etmek için basit ve etkili bir yöntem

Primary human keratinocytes isolated from fresh skin tissues and their expansion in vitro have been widely used for laboratory research and for clinical ...

a-simplified-efficient-method-to-isolate-primary-human-keratinocytes

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

10.0K Görüntüleme.  Shandong University. Burada birincil insan Lenfositi yetişkin cilt dokularının üzerinden verimli bir şekilde ayırmak için bir protokol mevcut. Bu yöntem geleneksel yordamı ROCK inhibitörü Y-27632 aşılama ortamda kendiliğinden dermal hücrelerden epidermal hücrelerin ayırarak basitleştirir.

Video: A Simplified and Efficient Method to Isolate Primary Human Keratinocytes from Adult Skin Tissue

Isolation and Quantitative Immunocytochemical Characterization of Primary Myogenic Cells and Fibroblasts from Human Skeletal Muscle

The repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the action of satellite cells, which are the resident muscle stem cells. These can be isolated from human muscle biopsy samples using enzymatic digestion and their myogenic properties studied in culture. Quantitatively, the two main adherent cell types obtained from enzymatic digestion are: (i) the satellite cells (termed myogenic cells or muscle precursor cells), identified initially as CD56+ and later as CD56+/desmin+ cells and (ii) muscle-derived fibroblasts, identified as CD56&#8211; and TE-7+. Fibroblasts proliferate very efficiently in culture and in mixed cell populations these cells may overrun myogenic cells to dominate the culture. The isolation and purification of different cell types from human muscle is thus an important methodological consideration when trying to investigate the innate behavior of either cell type in culture. Here we describe a system of sorting based on the gentle enzymatic digestion of cells using collagenase and dispase followed by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) which gives both a high purity (&#62;95% myogenic cells) and good yield (~2.8 x 106 &#177; 8.87 x 105 cells/g tissue after 7 days in vitro) for experiments in culture. This approach is based on incubating the mixed muscle-derived cell population with magnetic microbeads beads conjugated to an antibody against CD56 and then passing cells though a magnetic field. CD56+ cells bound to microbeads are retained by the field whereas CD56&#8211; cells pass unimpeded through the column. Cell suspensions from any stage of the sorting process can be plated and cultured. Following a given intervention, cell morphology, and the expression and localization of proteins including nuclear transcription factors can be quantified using immunofluorescent labeling with specific antibodies and an image processing and analysis package.

The main adherent cell types derived from human muscle are myogenic cells and fibroblasts. Here, cell populations are enriched using magnetic-activated cell sorting based on the CD56 antigen. Subsequent immunolabelling with specific antibodies and use of image analysis techniques allows quantification of cytoplasmic and nuclear characteristics in individual cells.

İnsan İskelet Kası İlköğretim andMyogenic Hücreleri ve Fibroblast İzolasyon ve Kantitatif İmmünositokimyasal Karakterizasyonu

The repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the action of satellite cells, which are the resident muscle stem cells. These can be isolated ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

Transfection, Selection, and Colony-picking of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells TALEN-targeted with a GFP Gene into the AAVS1 Safe Harbor

Targeted transgene addition can provide persistent gene expression while circumventing the gene silencing and insertional mutagenesis caused by viral vector mediated random integration. This protocol describes a universal and efficient transgene targeted addition platform in human iPSCs based on utilization of validated open-source TALENs and a gene-trap-like donor to deliver transgenes into a safe harbor locus. Importantly, effective gene editing is rate-limited by the delivery efficiency of gene editing vectors. Therefore, this protocol first focuses on preparation of iPSCs for transfection to achieve high nuclear delivery efficiency. When iPSCs are dissociated into single cells using a gentle-cell dissociation reagent and transfected using an optimized program, >50% cells can be induced to take up the large gene editing vectors. Because the AAVS1 locus is located in the intron of an active gene (PPP1R12C), a splicing acceptor (SA)-linked puromycin resistant gene (PAC) was used to select targeted iPSCs while excluding random integration-only and untransfected cells. This strategy greatly increases the chance of obtaining targeted clones, and can be used in other active gene targeting experiments as well. Two weeks after puromycin selection at the dose adjusted for the specific iPSC line, clones are ready to be picked by manual dissection of large, isolated colonies into smaller pieces that are transferred to fresh medium in a smaller well for further expansion and genetic and functional screening. One can follow this protocol to readily obtain multiple GFP reporter iPSC lines that are useful for in vivo and in vitro imaging and cell isolation.

TALEN-mediated gene editing at the safe harbor AAVS1 locus enables high-efficiency transgene addition in human iPSCs. This protocol describes the procedures for preparing iPSCs for TALEN and donor vector delivery, transfecting iPSCs, and selecting and isolating iPSC clones to achieve targeted integration of a GFP gene to generate reporter lines.

Transfeksiyon, Seçim ve İnsan uyarılmış pluripotent kök hücrelerin Colony-toplama AAVS1 Safe Harbor içine GFP geninin ile TALEN-hedefli

Targeted transgene addition can provide persistent gene expression while circumventing the gene silencing and insertional mutagenesis caused by viral ...

A Quick and Efficient Method for the Purification of Endoderm Cells Generated from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The differentiation capabilities of pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) allow a potential therapeutic application for cell replacement therapies. Terminally differentiated cell types could be used for the treatment of various degenerative diseases. In vitro differentiation of these cells towards tissues of the lung, liver and pancreas requires as a first step the generation of definitive endodermal cells. This step is rate-limiting for further differentiation towards terminally matured cell types such as insulin-producing beta cells, hepatocytes or other endoderm-derived cell types. Cells that are committed towards the endoderm lineage highly express a multitude of transcription factors such as FOXA2, SOX17, HNF1B, members of the GATA family, and the surface receptor CXCR4. However, differentiation protocols are rarely 100% efficient. Here, we describe a method for the purification of a CXCR4+ cell population after differentiation into the DE by using magnetic microbeads. This purification additionally removes cells of unwanted lineages. The gentle purification method is quick and reliable and might be used to improve downstream applications and differentiations.

Here, we describe a method for the purification of differentiated human embryonic stem cells that are committed towards the definitive endoderm for the improvement of downstream applications and further differentiations.

İnsan Embriyonik Kök Hücreleri Yaratılan Endoderm Hücrelerinin Saflaştırılması Hızlı ve Etkin Yöntem

The differentiation capabilities of pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) allow a potential therapeutic application for cell ...

Epigenetic Conversion as a Safe and Simple Method to Obtain Insulin-secreting Cells from Adult Skin Fibroblasts

Regenerative medicine requires new, fully functional cells that are delivered to patients in order to repair degenerated or damaged tissues. When such cells are not readily available, they can be obtained using different approaches that include, among the many, reprogramming and trans-differentiation, with advantages and limitations that are specific of the different techniques. Here a new strategy for the conversion of an adult mature fibroblast into an insulin-secreting cell, arbitrarily designated as epigenetic converted cells (EpiCC), is described. The method has been developed, based on the increasing understanding of the mechanisms controlling epigenetic regulation of cell fate and differentiation. In particular, the first step uses an epigenetic modifier, namely 5-aza-cytidine, to drive adult cells into a "highly permissive" state. It then takes advantage of this brief and reversible window of epigenetic plasticity, to re-address cells toward a different lineage. The approach is designated "epigenetic cell conversion". It is a simple and robust way to obtain an efficient, controlled and stable cellular inter-lineage switch. Since the protocol does not involve the use of any gene transfection, it is free of viral vectors and does not involve a stable pluripotent state, it is highly promising for translational medicine applications.

Here, a new method that allows the conversion of adult skin fibroblasts into insulin-secreting cells is presented. This technique is based on epigenetic conversion, does not involve the use of retroviral vectors nor the acquisition of a stable pluripotent state. It is therefore highly promising for translational medicine applications.

Yetişkin Cilt Fibroblastları gelen İnsülin salgılayan hücreler elde edilir Güvenli ve Basit Yöntem olarak epigenetik Dönüşüm

Regenerative medicine requires new, fully functional cells that are delivered to patients in order to repair degenerated or damaged tissues. When such ...

Isolating Hair Follicle Stem Cells and Epidermal Keratinocytes from Dorsal Mouse Skin

The hair follicle (HF) is an ideal system for studying the biology and regulation of adult stem cells (SCs). This dynamic mini organ is replenished by distinct pools of SCs, which are located in the permanent portion of the HF, a region known as the bulge. These multipotent bulge SCs were initially identified as slow cycling label retaining cells; however, their isolation has been made feasible after identification of specific cell markers, such as CD34 and keratin 15 (K15). Here, we describe a robust method for isolating bulge SCs and epidermal keratinocytes from mouse HFs utilizing fluorescence activated cell-sorting (FACS) technology. Isolated hair follicle SCs (HFSCs) can be utilized in various in vivo grafting models and are a valuable in vitro model for studying the mechanisms that govern multipotency, quiescence and activation.

An ideal model for studying adult stem cell biology is the mouse hair follicle. Here we present a protocol for isolating different populations of hair follicles stem cells and epidermal keratinocytes, employing enzymatic digestion of mouse dorsal skin followed by FACS analysis.

Dorsal Fare Cilt Saç Folikül Kök Hücreler ve epidermal keratinositler Ayırma

The hair follicle (HF) is an ideal system for studying the biology and regulation of adult stem cells (SCs). This dynamic mini organ is replenished by ...

An Efficient Method to Obtain Dedifferentiated Fat Cells

Tissue engineering and cell therapy hold great promise clinically. In this regard, multipotent cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), may be used therapeutically, in the near future, to restore function to damaged organs. Nevertheless, several technical issues, including the highly invasive procedure of isolating MSCs and the inefficiency surrounding their amplification, currently hamper the potential clinical use of these therapeutic modalities. Herein, we introduce a highly efficient method for the generation of dedifferentiated fat cells (DFAT), MSC-like cells. Interestingly, DFAT cells can be differentiated into several cell types including adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic cells. Although other groups have previously presented various methods for generating DFAT cells from mature adipose tissue, our method allows us to produce DFAT cells more efficiently. In this regard, we demonstrate that DFAT culture medium (DCM), supplemented with 20% FBS, is more effective in generating DFAT cells than DMEM, supplemented with 20% FBS. Additionally, the DFAT cells produced by our cell culture method can be redifferentiated into several tissue types. As such, a very interesting and useful model for the study of tissue dedifferentiation is presented.

We have modified the conditions for DFAT cell generation and provide herein information regarding the use of an improved growth medium for the production of these cells.

Etkin Bir Yöntem Dediferansiye Yağ Hücreleri Elde

Tissue engineering and cell therapy hold great promise clinically. In this regard, multipotent cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), may be used ...

Isolation and Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Human Placenta Tissue

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for use in cell-based therapies. In most cases, therapeutic response appears to be cell-dose dependent. Human term placenta is rich in MSC and is a physically large tissue that is generally discarded following birth. Placenta is an ideal starting material for the large-scale manufacture of multiple cell doses of allogeneic MSC. The placenta is a fetomaternal organ from which either fetal or maternal tissue can be isolated. This article describes the placental anatomy and procedure to dissect apart the decidua (maternal), chorionic villi (fetal), and chorionic plate (fetal) tissue. The protocol then outlines how to isolate MSC from each dissected tissue region, and provides representative analysis of expanded MSC derived from the respective tissue types. These methods are intended for pre-clinical MSC isolation, but have also been adapted for clinical manufacture of placental MSC for human therapeutic use.

Herein we describe methods for the dissection of fetal and maternal tissues from human term placenta, followed by isolation and expansion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) from these tissues.

İnsan Plasenta Doku türetilen İzolasyon ve mezenkimal kök Genişleme / Stromal hücreler

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for use in cell-based therapies. In most cases, therapeutic response appears to be cell-dose ...

Generation and Culturing of Primary Human Keratinocytes from Adult Skin

The main function of keratinocytes is to provide the structural integrity of the epidermis, thereby maintaining a mechanical barrier to the outside world. In addition, keratinocytes play an essential role in the initiation, maintenance, and regulation of epidermal immune responses by being part of the innate immune system responding to antigenic stimuli in a fast, nonspecific manner. Here, we describe a protocol for isolation of primary human keratinocytes from adult skin, and demonstrate that these cells respond to calcium-induced terminal differentiation, as measured by an increased expression of the differentiation marker involucrin. In addition, we show that the isolated keratinocytes are responsive to IL-1&#946;-induced activation of intracellular signaling pathways as measured by the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. Taken together, we describe a method for isolation and culturing of primary human keratinocytes from adult skin. Because the keratinocytes are the predominant cell type in the epidermis, this method is useful to study molecular mechanisms in cutaneous biology in vitro.

The human skin acts as a first line of defense against the external environment. We present a method for isolating primary human keratinocytes from adult skin. These isolated keratinocytes are useful in numerous experimental setups, and are a highly suitable model for studying molecular mechanisms in cutaneous biology in vitro.

Oluşturma ve birincil insan lenfositi yetişkin cilt, kültür

The main function of keratinocytes is to provide the structural integrity of the epidermis, thereby maintaining a mechanical barrier to the outside world. ...

The Isolation and Culture of Primary Epicardial Cells Derived from Human Adult and Fetal Heart Specimens

The epicardium, an epithelial cell layer covering the myocardium, has an essential role during cardiac development, as well as in the repair response of the heart after ischemic injury. When activated, epicardial cells undergo a process known as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) to provide cells to the regenerating myocardium. Furthermore, the epicardium contributes via secretion of essential paracrine factors. To fully appreciate the regenerative potential of the epicardium, a human cell model is required. Here we outline a novel cell culture model to derive primary epicardial derived cells (EPDCs) from human adult and fetal cardiac tissue. To isolate EPDCs, the epicardium is dissected from the outside of the heart specimen and processed into a single cell suspension. Next, EPDCs are plated and cultured in EPDC medium containing the ALK 5-kinase inhibitor SB431542 to maintain their epithelial phenotype. EMT is induced by stimulation with TGF&#946;. This method enables, for the first time, the study of the process of human epicardial EMT in a controlled setting, and facilitates gaining more insight in the secretome of EPDCs that may aid heart regeneration. Furthermore, this uniform approach allows for direct comparison of human adult and fetal epicardial behavior.

The epicardium plays a crucial role in the development and repair of the heart by providing cells and growth factors to the myocardial wall. Here, we describe a method to culture human primary epicardial cells that enables the study and comparison of their developmental and adult characteristics.

Yalıtım ve kültür insan yetişkin ve Fetal kalp örnekler elde edilen birincil Epicardial hücre

The epicardium, an epithelial cell layer covering the myocardium, has an essential role during cardiac development, as well as in the repair response of ...

A Direct and Simple Method to Assess Drosophila melanogaster's Viability from Embryo to Adult

In Drosophila melanogaster, viability assays are used to determine the fitness of certain genetic backgrounds. Allelic variations can result in partial or complete loss of viability at different stages of development. Our lab has developed a method to assess viability in Drosophila from embryo to fully mature adult. The method relies on quantifying the number of progeny present at different stages during development, starting with hatched embryos. After embryos have been quantified, additional stages are counted, including L1/L2, pupae, and mature adults. After all stages have been examined, a statistical analysis such as the chi-square test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the starting number of progeny (hatched embryos) and later stages culminating in the observed number of adults, thus rejecting or accepting the null hypothesis (that the number of hatched embryos will be equal to the number of larvae, pupae, and adults recorded throughout the stages of development). The primary advantage of this assay is its simplicity and accuracy, as it does not require an embryo rinse to transfer them to the food vial, avoiding losses from technical errors. Although the protocol described here does not directly examine L2/L3 larvae, additional steps can be added to account for these. Comparing the number of hatched embryos, L1, pupae, and adults can help determine if viability was compromised during the L2/L3 stages for further studies (the use of colored food helps with visual identification of larvae). Overall, this method can help Drosophila researchers and educators determine when viability is compromised during the fly life cycle. Routine assessment of stocks using this assay can prevent accumulation of secondary mutations that may affect the phenotype of the originally isolated mutant, especially if the original mutations affect fitness. For this reason, our lab maintains multiple copies of each of our Dm ime4 alleles and routinely checks the purity of each stock with this method in addition to other molecular analyses.&#160;

A Direct and Simple Method to Assess Drosophila melanogaster's Viability from Embryo to Adult

This protocol is designed to assess the viability of Drosophila at every developmental stage, from embryo to adult. The method can be used to determine and compare the viability of different genotypes or growth conditions.

Drosophila Melanogaster'In Embriyodan Yetişkine Canlılığını Değerlendirmek Için Doğrudan ve Basit Bir Yöntem

In Drosophila melanogaster, viability assays are used to determine the fitness of certain genetic backgrounds. Allelic variations can result in partial or ...