Yazarlar başlangıç ​​fonu ve Southern Illinois Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi&#39;nden cerrahi araştırma hibe bölümünü kabul etmek istiyorum; ve Memorial Tıp Vakfı hibe.

1.. Cerrahi Alma Not: Bir İDD onay ACL rekonstrüksiyon cerrahisi sırasında ACL güdük toplamak için elde edilmiştir. Kullanılan ACL güdük genel cerrahi atık olarak atılır olduğu gibi KİK muafiyet verildi. 20 hasta ACL güdük toplamak için kullanılmıştır. <ol><li> Hastaya kurumun protokol başına genel anestezi ve ameliyat öncesi antibiyotik uygulayın. </li><li> Turnike uygulamak ve sistolik kan basıncı üzerinde 100 mg şişirmek. </li><li> Sırtüstü pozisyonda hastayı yerleştirmek. 5 mm portalı için 30-45 ° fleksiyonda diz yatay anterolateral kesi yapmak ve 30 ° suprapatellar içine artroskopik trokarı ve kamera takın. </li><li> Bir rutin tanısal artroskopi gerçekleştirin. </li><li> Bir çentik girin ve yırtık ACL üzerinde membranöz sinovyumlu bileştireceğim. </li><li> ACL güdük tanımlamak için 4,5 mm tıraş makinesi ve ablator kullanın. </li><li> Birden SPE toplamak için düz acı bir safra kesesi kullanınkalan ACL güdük cimens. </li><li> Steril bir kap içinde, normal tuzlu su içinde örnek koruyun. </li><li> Çözme ve laboratuvar tesis nihai teslimat için patolojiye örnekleri gönderin. </li><li> Hastayı kurtarmak ve kurumun protokol başına gibi post-operatif bakım gerçekleştirin. </li></ol> 2.. Doku Sindirim ve hacl İzolasyon <ol><li> Steril tuzlu su / PBS ile bir petri tabağına konulacak patoloji alınan insan ACL doku aktarın (Fosfat tamponlu serum fizyolojik). </li><li> 1-2 mm 3 adet steril makas kullanılarak doku kıyma ve tuz ile en az 3 kez kıyılmış doku yıkayın. </li><li> DMEM/F-12% 0.4 Kollajenazının 37 ° C&#39;de 4-6 saat boyunca% 10 fetal sığır serumu (FBS) ve% 1 Penisilin / Streptomisin ile desteklenmiş (50/50, 1x), orta ile kıyılmış doku Digest </li><li> 5 dakika boyunca 1000 x g&#39;de santrifüj ve hücreler daha sonra ortam içinde tekrar süspansiyon hücreleri. </li><li> S daha sonra, 2-3 defa ortamı ile yıkayın ve hücrelerineed / 2-3 gün boyunca T-25 şişelerinde kültürü. </li></ol> 3.. Hücresel Genişleme, Donma ve Çözülme <ol><li> Bir T-25 balonuna 2-3 gün süre ile kültüre hücreleri görselleştirmek için bir ışık mikroskobu kullanarak. </li><li> DMEM/F-12 içinde 37 ° C&#39;de hücreleri,% 10 fetal sığır serumu (FBS) ve% 1 Penisilin / Streptomisin (P / S) ile desteklenmiş (50/50, 1x) orta koruyun. Not: Hücreler bağlılık ve standart morfolojisini göstermek zaman medya değiştirin. Hücreleri gözlemlemek için bir ışık mikroskobu kullanın. </li><li> 7. günde (~ 1.3 X 10 6 hücre / şişe) PBS ile konfluent hücreler yıkanır. Tripsin (0.5 g / L) ilave edin ve 5 dakika boyunca 37 ° C&#39;de hücreler inkübe edin. Tripsin nötralize etmek için askıya hücrelere ortam ekleyin. Üç T-25 şişeler arasındaki medya-hücresi karışımı bölün. </li><li> Tripsin (0.5 g / L) ekleyin, PBS ile yıkayın konfluent hücreler ve DMSO, FBS ve tam ortam içeren ortam dondurma bunları tekrar süspansiyon içinde (DMEM/F-12 orta +% 10 FBS +% 1 P / S) oranı 01:02:07. </li><li> Mağazahücreler daha uzun süreler için depolanan olması durumunda, hücreler bir ay içinde kullanılır ve sıvı nitrojen içinde olması durumunda -80 ° C de kriyojenik şişeler. </li><li> Yeniden kullanım için bir 37 ° C su banyosu içinde şişeleri çözülme. Not: Genellikle% 90-95 hücreleri hayatta. </li></ol> 4. 2-D Poly Laktik-ko-glikolik asit (PLAĞA) İskele Engineered Doku Fabrikasyon <ol><li> Bir 20 mL sintilasyon şişesine 12 ml diklorometan içinde 1 g PLAĞA çözülür ve sabit bir hızda (800 rpm) ile 8 saat için bir çözüm vorteks. Not:. Gupta et al, 15 Ayrıntılı açıklaması </li><li> Florlu koruma kağıdı ile kaplı cam bir Petri tabağına için çözünmüş çözelti aktarın. </li><li> 30 dakika boyunca bir vakum başlık altında Petri tabağına yerleştirin. Gece boyunca oda sıcaklığında ve daha sonra -20 ° C&#39;de Petri kabı bırakın. Polimerin ince filmler elde etmek için çözücünün buharlaşmasını sağlamak üzere tam liyofilizerde Petri kapları yerleştirin. </li><li> Polimer fi yerleştirin24 saat boyunca bir kurutucu içinde LMS. </li><li> 12 mm çapında dairesel bir disk halinde polimer filmler kesin ve gerekli olana kadar bir kurutucuda saklayın. </li></ol> 5.. Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) <ol><li> Hücreler (50.000 hücre / disk) yıkayın tohumlanma 7 gün daha sonra, PBS ile kontrol TCPS ile PLAGA yapı iskeleti üzerine serpildi. </li><li> Hücreleri düzeltmek ve sonrası tespiti için 0.1 M kakodilat tampon içinde% 2.5 OsO 4 0.1 M kakodilat tampon içinde% 1.5 Glutaraldehit kullanın. </li><li> 0.1 M kakodilat tampon ile sabitleştirilmiş hücreler yıkanır. 15 dakika her biri, ve bir gece boyunca heksametildisilazan (HMDS) içinde daha kuru için seri etanol su kaybı (% 50,% 70,% 80,% 90 ve% 100) ile sabitleştirilmiş hücreler kurutun. </li><li> Düğme vana ile SEM püskürtmeli kaplama sisteminin odasına havalandırma ve üst plakasını kaldırın. </li><li> Odası içinde kurutulmuştur numuneler. Üst plaka indirin. </li><li> Odasını boşaltılması başlatmak için pompa kontrol düğmesini açın. </li><li> Açık argon sızıntı valfi. Bekleyinvakum 0,05 mbar düşmesi için. </li><li> Altın / Palladium ince bir tabaka (0,13 nm) ile kaplayın kurutuldu örnekleri. </li><li> Kapalı konumuna argon sızıntı valfi döndürür. </li><li> Off kontrol düğmesini açın. </li><li> Düğme vanalı bölmesinin havalandırılması ve üst plakayı kaldırın. </li><li> Örnekleri çıkarın ve 24 saat boyunca bir kurutucu saklayın. </li><li> Bir taramalı elektron mikroskobu altında örnekleri gözlemlemek. </li></ol> 6.. İmmünofloresan Boyama <ol><li> Hücreler (50.000 hücre / disk) yıkayın tohumlanma 7 gün daha sonra, PBS ile kontrol TCPS ile PLAGA yapı iskeleti üzerine serpildi. </li><li> 10 dakika boyunca% 70 etanol (soğuk) kullanarak hücreleri düzeltildi. </li><li> PBS, 20 dakika boyunca,% 0.05 Triton X-100 olan% 1 Sığır Serum Albümini (BSA) ile, oda sıcaklığında sabit hücreleri inkübe edin. </li><li> 20 dakika boyunca oda sıcaklığında% 1 Tween içindeki örnekleri bırakın. </li><li> Fare monoklonal anti-β-aktin antikoru (1:400) ekleyin ve overnigh hücreleri inkübe4 ° C&#39;de t </li><li> % 0.05 Tween ile yıkayın. Hücrelere ikincil antikor (anti-fare F (ab &#39;keçi), bir floresan sonda, 1:400 ile konjuge edilmiş IgG 2 fragmanı) ilave edin ve oda sıcaklığında 1 saat boyunca inkübe edilir. </li><li> Hücrelerin PBS ile yıkayın. Nükleer leke ile hücreleri leke ve Gliserin% 80 kullanarak monte edin. </li><li> Konfokal mikroskop altında hücreleri dikkate alınmalıdır. </li></ol>

<ol>
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Yazarlar, hiçbir rakip mali çıkarlarını olmadığını beyan ederim.

Bu hACL/2D iskele çalışmanın temel amacı, kısmi ACL yırtığı primer onarım artırmak için bir yama elde edilen hücrelerin kullanımı oldu. Kısmi ACL yırtığı nonoperatif immobilizasyon, korse, ilerici bir rehabilitasyon programı ve düzenli izlem değerlendirme 13,16,17 kısa bir süre içerebilir. Ancak, birçok çalışma sporcular konservatif tedavi kötü sonuçlar ve başarısızlık ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Buckley ve ark. Orta takipte kısmi ACL yırtığı ol...

Ön çapraz bağ (ACL) diz sık yaralanan eklem içi bağ olduğunu. Yaklaşık 200.000 (ACL) yaralanmaları ABD&#39;de yıllık olarak rapor edilmiştir. Ortopedik rekonstrüktif cerrahi 1,2,3,4 için ACL yaralanması opt yaşayan hastaların% 75 üzerinde. Cerrahi girişim nedeniyle sık sık doğal olarak zayıf iyileşme potansiyeli 3 belirtilir. ACL yeniden tipik olarak bir otogreft veya allogreft tendon vasıtasıyla gerçekleştirilir. Onlar yüksek başarı oranları ve primer sütür onarımı, diğer tedavi seçeneği övünme gibi otogreft ve allogreft rekonstrüksiyonu için altın standardı temsil, 94&#39;e kadar% 5,6,7 başarısızlık oranları göstermiştir. ACL Kısmi gözyaşları tüm ACL yırtığı 8% 28 10% temsil eder. Prospektif bir çalışmada, Noyes ve ark. Daha ACL yarısından etkileyen kısmi gözyaşları ile hastaların% 50 sonra ACL yetmezliği tamamlamak için olmayan ilerledi tahminoperatif tedavi 9. Diğer çalışmalar kalıcı istikrarsızlığa rapor ve yaralanma öncesi aktivite düzeyi 9,10,11,12,13 dönmek mümkün hastaların az% 30 ile fonksiyonu azalmıştır. Tedavi seçenekleri sınırlıdır ve muhafazakar modaliteleri, kalan ACL termal büzülme ya da ACL rekonstrüksiyon içerir. Son zamanlarda, Augmented primer onarım ilgi artmış oldu. Bu teknikler primer sütür onarımı 14 geliştirmek için biyolojikleri kullanın. Son araştırmalar, mezenkimal gibi hacl, greft sınırlamaları aşmak için 31,32 kök hücreleri elde edilen fakat bu hücrelerin geçerliliği ve etkinliği halen bilinmemektedir hasat için çalıştı. Doku mühendisliği uygulamaları için ideal bir hücre kaynağı hacl fibroblast hücreleri kaynaklı olmayan mesechymal gibi görünüyor. Mevcut araştırma, uygun bir matris malzeme ve mühendislik iskele için hücre kaynağı belirlenmesi üzerine odaklanmıştır. Bu su gibi atılacak bir yırtık ACL için standart bir prosedür olduğunurekonstrüksiyonu ameliyatı sırasında rgical atık, ancak, bu bozuk bağ ACL değiştirme tasarlanmış ideal doku geliştirmek ve artırmak için gerekli hücrelerin edinimi için kaliteli bir kaynak olabilir. Bizim laboratuvar Bu hasat hacl türetilen hücrelerin in vitro genişlemesi için bir protokol geliştirilmiştir. Hacl türetilen hücreler ile aşılanmış bir mühendislik 2D matrisini kullanarak, potansiyel olarak kısmi ACL onarım artırmak ve yırtık ligament güçlendirmek olabilecek bir yama tasarladık.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Petri-dish</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">08-757-103C</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:216px;">Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BP3994</td>
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			<td>Store at 40C</td>
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			<td style="width:143px;">10-092-CV</td>
			<td>Store at 40C. Warm in 370C water bath before use.</td>
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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">10082</td>
			<td>Store at -800C</td>
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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">17-602E</td>
			<td>Store at 40C</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Centrifuge Tubes- 15 ml</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">430790</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">T-25 flasks</td>
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			<td style="width:139px;">Lonza</td>
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			<td>Store at 40C. Warm in 370C water bath before use.</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BP231-100</td>
			<td>Combustible liquid. Can cause skin, eye and respiratory tract irritation.</td>
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			<td style="width:139px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">430489</td>
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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">PLAGA</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Purac Biomaterials</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Purasorb PLG8523</td>
			<td>Store at -800C</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">TCPS disks</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">12-545-82</td>
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			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:216px;">Dichloromethane</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">AC36423-0010</td>
			<td>Possible cancer hazard. Store in a dry, cool place.</td>
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		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">Bytac paper</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Saint gobin performance plastics</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">1420652</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Scintillation vial</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>03-339-21G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">A7906</td>
			<td>Store at 40C</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Tween</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BP337-500</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:216px;">mouse Anti-&#946;-actin antibody (10 Ab)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">A5441</td>
			<td>Store at -200C</td>
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			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:216px;">goat-anti-mouse antibody (20 Ab)</td>
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			<td style="width:143px;">4408</td>
			<td>Store at -200C</td>
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			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">14530</td>
			<td>Store at -200C</td>
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			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BP229-1</td>
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			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BP2547-1</td>
			<td>Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. Causes burns by all exposure routes.</td>
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			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">AC43085-1000</td>
			<td>Flammable liquid and vapor. Causes burns by all exposure routes.</td>
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			<td style="width:143px;">5804R</td>
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			<td style="width:143px;">2845</td>
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			<td style="width:143px;">VX-200</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Glass Petri plates</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">S31473</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Acu-Punch</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Acuderm Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">P1225</td>
			<td>Acu-Punch was used to cut 12mm disks</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Cacodylate buffer</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">97068</td>
			<td>Flammable liquid, carcinogen and irritant.</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Osmium tetraoxide</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">201030</td>
			<td>Highly toxic</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">T8787</td>
			<td>Harmful if swallowed</td>
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			<td style="width:139px;">Arthrex&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td>stainless steel screws</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sputter Coater</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Polaron</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">E5400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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surgical retrieval, isolation and in vitro expansion of human anterior cruciate ligament-derived cells for tissue engineering applications

ACL yaralanma aktif kişilerde sık karşılaşılan bir sorundur. Fonksiyonu ve istikrarı olumsuz biyomekanik eksiklikler bu eklem içi diz bağ kurşun bile kısmi gözyaşları. Termal modifikasyon, tek paket onarım, tam bir yeniden yapılanma ve yerli ligament hasarlı bölümünün yeniden inşası: kısmi ACL yırtıklarının tedavisi için mevcut seçenekleri konservatif, muhafazakâr yönetimi gibi birden fazla cerrahi seçenekler değişir. Az sayıda çalışma varsa, yönetim sürekli olarak üstün olmak için tek bir yöntem ortaya koymuştur, ve birçok durumda hasta sürekli istikrarsızlık ve diğer komorbi göstermeye devam ediyor. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kısmen parçalanmış ACL onarımında uygulanabilecek bir doku mühendisliği yama geliştirilmesinde kullanımı için potansiyel bir hücre kaynağı tespit etmektir. Bir yeni protokol Patie türetilen hücre genişlemesi için geliştirilmiştirACL rekonstrüksiyonu geçiren NTS. Hücreleri izole etmek için, ACL yeniden sırasında elde kıyılmış hacl doku, kollajenaz çözelti ile dijeste edilmiştir. Genleşme% 10 fetal sığır serumu (FBS) ve% 1 penisilin / streptomisin (P / S) ile desteklenmiş DMEM/F12 ortamı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hücreler daha sonra, DMSO, FBS ve genleşme ortamı oluşan bir dondurma ortamı içinde -80 ° C veya sıvı azot içinde depolanmıştır. Çözündükten sonra, hacl türetilmiş hücreler daha sonra bir doku mühendisliği iskelesi, PLAĞA (Poly laktik-ko-glikolik asit) ve kontrol doku kültürü polistiren (TCPS) üzerine ekilmiştir. 7 gün sonra, SEM kontrol TCPS karşı PLAĞA hücresel yapışma karşılaştırmak için gerçekleştirildi. Hücresel morfoloji İmmunofloresans boyama kullanılarak değerlendirildi. SEM (Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu) mikrograflan hücreleri büyüdü ve PLAĞA ve TCPS yüzeylerde hem yapıştırılır ve 7 gün sonra tüm yüzeyler üzerinde birleştirilebilmeli olduğunu gösterdi. İmmünofloresan boyama, normal olmayan vurguladı morfolojik gösterdiher iki yüzeyde al desen. Bu teknik ACL yenilenme ve yeniden yapılanma uygulamaları için umut verici.

Cerrahi alma, Doku sindirimi ve insan ön çapraz bağ (hacl) türetilmiş hücreler izolasyonu için çalışma modeli, Şekil 1 &#39;de gösterilmiştir. Eksplantlar göç ve T-25 şişelerinde yapışmış hücreler. Bu hücreler, 3 gün süreyle kültürlendi ve sonra da bir ışık mikroskobu (Şekil 2) altında görselleştirilmiştir. Bir sık ​​tek tabaka 7 gün ile elde edilmiştir. Sağlıklı, yaşayabilir hücrelerin varlığı hacl türetilen hücrelerin başarılı alm...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications at JoVE.com

Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications

Ön çapraz bağ (ACL) kısmi gözyaşı onarmak için bir yama olarak gelecek uygulamalar için, insan ACL türetilmiş hücreler, in vitro olarak genişletilebilir ve doku mühendisliği iskeleleri yetiştirilen rekonstrüktif prosedürler sırasında elde edilen dokudan izole edilmiştir. Hücresel yapışma ve morfolojisi sonra iskele yüzeyinde biyouyumluluk onaylamak için yapıldı.

Cerrahi Alma, İzolasyon ve<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Doku Mühendisliği Uygulamaları için İnsan Ön Çapraz Bağ-türevli Hücreleri Genişleme

Injury to the ACL is a commonly encountered problem in active individuals. Even partial tears of this intra-articular knee ligament lead to biomechanical ...

surgical-retrieval-isolation-vitro-expansion-human-anterior-cruciate

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications

11.4K Görüntüleme.  Southern Illinois University School of Medicine.  Ön çapraz bağ (ACL) kısmi gözyaşı onarmak için bir yama olarak gelecek uygulamalar için, insan ACL türetilmiş hücreler, in vitro olarak genişletilebilir ve doku mühendisliği iskeleleri yetiştirilen rekonstrüktif prosedürler sırasında elde edilen dokudan izole edilmiştir. Hücresel yapışma ve morfolojisi sonra iskele yüzeyinde biyouyumluluk onaylamak için yapıldı. 

Video: Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications

Tissue Engineering of a Human 3D in vitro Tumor Test System

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies are predominantly developed in 2D culture systems, which inadequately reflect physiological conditions in vivo. Biological 3D matrices provide cells an environment in which cells can self-organize, allowing the study of tissue organization and cell differentiation. Such scaffolds can be seeded with a mixture of different cell types to study direct 3D cell-cell-interactions. To mimic the 3D complexity of cancer tumors, our group has developed a 3D in vitro tumor test system.	
	Our 3D tissue test system models the in vivo situation of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), which we established with our decellularized porcine jejunal segment derived biological vascularized scaffold (BioVaSc). In our model, we reseeded a modified BioVaSc matrix with primary fibroblasts, microvascular endothelial cells (mvECs) and the S462 tumor cell line. For static culture, the vascular structure of the BioVaSc is removed and the remaining scaffold is cut open on one side (Small Intestinal Submucosa SIS-Muc). The resulting matrix is then fixed between two metal rings (cell crowns).	
	Another option is to culture the cell-seeded SIS-Muc in a flow bioreactor system that exposes the cells to shear stress. Here, the bioreactor is connected to a peristaltic pump in a self-constructed incubator. A computer regulates the arterial oxygen and nutrient supply via parameters such as blood pressure, temperature, and flow rate. This setup allows for a dynamic culture with either pressure-regulated pulsatile or constant flow.	
	In this study, we could successfully establish both a static and dynamic 3D culture system for MPNSTs. The ability to model cancer tumors in a more natural 3D environment will enable the discovery, testing, and validation of future pharmaceuticals in a human-like model.

Tissue Engineering of a Human 3D in vitro Tumor Test System

Methods to create human 3D tumor tissues as test systems are described. These technologies are based on a decellularized Biological Vascularized Scaffold (BioVaSc), primary human cells and a tumor cell line, which can be cultured under static as well as under dynamic conditions in a flow bioreactor.

İnsan 3D Doku Mühendisliği<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Tümör Test Sistemi

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.  Current therapeutic strategies are predominantly developed in 2D culture  systems, which ...

Biyomühendislik

Athymic Rat Model for Evaluation of Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common ligamentous injury that often requires surgery because the ACL does not heal well without intervention. Current treatment strategies include ligament reconstruction with either autograft or allograft, which each have their associated limitations. Thus, there is interest in designing a tissue-engineered graft for use in ACL reconstruction. We describe the fabrication of an electrospun polymer graft for use in ACL tissue engineering. This polycaprolactone graft is biocompatible, biodegradable, porous, and is comprised of aligned fibers. Because an animal model is necessary to evaluate such a graft, this paper describes an intra-articular athymic rat model of ACL reconstruction that can be used to evaluate engineered grafts, including those seeded with xenogeneic cells. Representative histology and biomechanical testing results at 16 weeks postoperatively are presented, with grafts tested immediately post-implantation and contralateral native ACLs serving as controls. The present study provides a reproducible animal model with which to evaluate tissue engineered ACL grafts, and demonstrates the potential of a regenerative medicine approach to treatment of ACL rupture.

Animal models are important tools for the evaluation of tissue-engineered grafts. This paper presents the protocol for preparing an electrospun biodegradable polymer graft for use in anterior cruciate ligament tissue engineering, as well as a surgical protocol for implantation in a rat model.

Engineered Ön Çapraz Bağ Greftlerinin Değerlendirme Atimik Rat Modeli

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common ligamentous injury that often requires surgery because the ACL does not heal well without ...

Eye Irritation Test (EIT) for Hazard Identification of Eye Irritating Chemicals using Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelial (RhCE) Tissue Model

To comply with the Seventh Amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive and EU REACH legislation, validated non-animal alternative methods for reliable and accurate assessment of ocular toxicity in man are needed. To address this need, we have developed an eye irritation test (EIT) which utilizes a three dimensional reconstructed human cornea-like epithelial (RhCE) tissue model that is based on normal human cells. The EIT is able to separate ocular&#160;irritants and corrosives (GHS Categories 1 and 2 combined) and those that do not require labeling (GHS No Category). The test utilizes two separate protocols, one designed for liquid chemicals and a second, similar protocol for solid test articles. The EIT prediction model uses a single exposure period (30 min for liquids, 6 hr for solids) and a single tissue viability cut-off (60.0% as determined by the MTT assay). Based on the results for 83 chemicals (44 liquids and 39 solids) EIT achieved 95.5/68.2/ and 81.8% sensitivity/specificity and accuracy (SS&#38;A) for liquids, 100.0/68.4/ and 84.6% SS&#38;A for solids, and 97.6/68.3/ and 83.1% for overall SS&#38;A. The EIT will contribute significantly to classifying the ocular irritation potential of a wide range of liquid and solid chemicals without the use of animals to meet regulatory testing requirements. The EpiOcular EIT method was implemented in 2015 into the OECD Test Guidelines as TG 492.

Eye Irritation Test EIT for Hazard Identification of Eye Irritating Chemicals using Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelial RhCE Tissue Model

We have developed an eye irritation test which utilizes a three dimensional reconstructed human cornea-like epithelial (RhCE) tissue model. The test is able to discriminate between ocular irritant and corrosive materials (GHS Categories 1 and 2 combined) and those that do not require labeling (GHS No Category).

Yeniden İnşa İnsan Kornea gibi Epitelyal (RHCE) Doku Modeli kullanılarak Göz tahriş Kimyasalların Tehlike Tanımlaması Göz tahrişi Testi (EIT)

To comply with the Seventh Amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive and EU REACH legislation, validated non-animal alternative methods for reliable and ...

Applications of In Vivo Functional Testing of the Rat Tibialis Anterior for Evaluating Tissue Engineered Skeletal Muscle Repair

Despite the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle, permanent functional and/or cosmetic deficits (e.g., volumetric muscle loss (VML) resulting from traumatic injury, disease and various congenital, genetic and acquired conditions are quite common. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine technologies have enormous potential to provide a therapeutic solution. However, utilization of biologically relevant animal models in combination with longitudinal assessments of pertinent functional measures are critical to the development of improved regenerative therapeutics for treatment of VML-like injuries. In that regard, a commercial muscle lever system can be used to measure length, tension, force and velocity parameters in skeletal muscle. We used this system, in conjunction with a high power, bi-phase stimulator, to measure in vivo force production in response to activation of the anterior crural compartment of the rat hindlimb. We have previously used this equipment to assess the functional impact of VML injury on the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, as well as the extent of functional recovery following treatment of the injured TA muscle with our tissue engineered muscle repair (TEMR) technology. For such studies, the left foot of an anaesthetized rat is securely anchored to a footplate linked to a servomotor, and the common peroneal nerve is stimulated by two percutaneous needle electrodes to elicit muscle contraction and dorsiflexion of the foot. The peroneal nerve stimulation-induced muscle contraction is measured over a range of stimulation frequencies (1-200 Hz), to ensure an eventual plateau in force production that allows for an accurate determination of peak tetanic force. In addition to evaluation of the extent of VML injury as well as the degree of functional recovery following treatment, this methodology can be easily applied to study diverse aspects of muscle physiology and pathophysiology. Such an approach should assist with the more rational development of improved therapeutics for muscle repair and regeneration.

Applications of In Vivo Functional Testing of the Rat Tibialis Anterior for Evaluating Tissue Engineered Skeletal Muscle Repair

We describe an in vivo protocol to measure dorsiflexion of the foot following stimulation of the peroneal nerve and contraction of the anterior crural compartment of the rat hindlimb. Such measurements are an indispensable translational tool for evaluating skeletal muscle pathology and tissue engineering approaches to muscle repair and regeneration.

Uygulamaları<em&gt; İn Vivo</em&gt; Doku değerlendirilmesi için Rat Tibialis Anterior Fonksiyonel Test İskelet Kası Onarım Engineered

Despite the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle, permanent functional and/or cosmetic deficits (e.g., volumetric muscle loss (VML) resulting from ...

Melt Electrospinning Writing of Three-dimensional Poly(&#949;-caprolactone) Scaffolds with Controllable Morphologies for Tissue Engineering Applications

This tutorial reflects on the fundamental principles and guidelines for electrospinning writing with polymer melts, an additive manufacturing technology with great potential for biomedical applications. The technique facilitates the direct deposition of biocompatible polymer fibers to fabricate well-ordered scaffolds in the sub-micron to micro scale range. The establishment of a stable, viscoelastic, polymer jet between a spinneret and a collector is achieved using an applied voltage and can be direct-written. A significant benefit of a typical porous scaffold is a high surface-to-volume ratio which provides increased effective adhesion sites for cell attachment and growth. Controlling the printing process by fine-tuning the system parameters enables high reproducibility in the quality of the printed scaffolds. It also provides a flexible manufacturing platform for users to tailor the morphological structures of the scaffolds to their specific requirements. For this purpose, we present a protocol to obtain different fiber diameters using melt electrospinning writing (MEW) with a guided amendment of the parameters, including flow rate, voltage and collection speed. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to optimize the jet, discuss often experienced technical challenges, explain troubleshooting techniques and showcase a wide range of printable scaffold architectures.

Melt Electrospinning Writing of Three-dimensional Poly(&amp;#949;-caprolactone) Scaffolds with Controllable Morphologies for Tissue Engineering Applications

This protocol serves as a comprehensive guideline to fabricate scaffolds via electrospinning with polymer melts in a direct writing mode. We systematically outline the process and define the appropriate parameter settings for achieving targeted scaffold architectures.

Üç boyutlu Poly(ε-caprolactone) İskele kontrol edilebilir türleri morfoloji ile Electrospinning yazma doku mühendisliği uygulamaları için erime

This tutorial reflects on the fundamental principles and guidelines for electrospinning writing with polymer melts, an additive manufacturing technology ...

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in a variety of tissues and can be differentiated into numerous cell types, including osteoblasts. Among the dental sources of MSCs, the periosteum is an easily accessible tissue, which has been identified to contain MSCs in the cambium layer. However, this source has not yet been widely studied.
Vitamin D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 have been demonstrated to stimulate in vitro differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. In addition, vitamin C facilitates collagen formation and bone cell growth. However, no study has yet investigated the effects of Vitamin D3 and Vitamin C on MSCs.
Here, we present a method of isolating MSCs from human alveolar periosteum and examine the hypothesis that 1,25-(OH)2D3 may exert an osteoinductive effect on these cells. We also investigate the presence of MSCs in the human alveolar periosteum and assess stem cell adhesion and proliferation. To assess the ability of vitamin C (as a control) and various concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10&#8722;10, 10&#8722;9, 10&#8722;8, and 10&#8722;7 M) to alter key mRNA biomarkers in isolated MSCs mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), core binding factor alpha-1 (CBFA1), collagen-1, and osteocalcin (OCN) are measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

We present a protocol to investigate the mRNA expression biomarkers of periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) induced by vitamin C (vitamin C) and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D3]. In addition, we evaluate the ability of PDCs to differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes.

Yalıtım insan alveoler kapaklarini ve Osteojenik etkinlik kapaklarini türetilmiş hücre D vitamini etkileri Mezenkimal kök hücrelerin

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in a variety of tissues and can be differentiated into numerous cell types, including osteoblasts. Among the ...

Two Methods for Decellularization of Plant Tissues for Tissue Engineering Applications

The autologous, synthetic, and animal-derived grafts currently used as scaffolds for tissue replacement have limitations due to low availability, poor biocompatibility, and cost. Plant tissues have favorable characteristics that make them uniquely suited for use as scaffolds, such as high surface area, excellent water transport and retention, interconnected porosity, preexisting vascular networks, and a wide range of mechanical properties. Two successful methods of plant decellularization for tissue engineering applications are described here. The first method is based on detergent baths to remove cellular matter, which is similar to previously established methods used to clear mammalian tissues. The second is a detergent-free method adapted from a protocol that isolates leaf vasculature and involves the use of a heated bleach and salt bath to clear the leaves and stems. Both methods yield scaffolds with comparable mechanical properties and low cellular metabolic impact, thus allowing the user to select the protocol which better suits their intended application.

Here we present, and contrast two protocols used to decellularize plant tissues: a detergent-based approach and a detergent-free approach. Both methods leave behind the extracellular matrix of the plant tissues used, which can then be utilized as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

Doku mühendisliği uygulamaları için bitki dokuların Decellularization için iki yöntem

The autologous, synthetic, and animal-derived grafts currently used as scaffolds for tissue replacement have limitations due to low availability, poor ...

Production of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma for Boosting In Vitro Human Fibroblast Expansion

There is currently great clinical interest in the use of autologous fibroblasts for skin repair. In most cases, culture of skin cells in vitro is required. However, cell culture using xenogenic or allogenic culture media has some disadvantages (i.e., risk of infectious agent transmission or slow cell expansion). Here, an autologous culture system is developed for the expansion of human skin fibroblast cells in vitro using a patient&#8217;s own platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Human dermal fibroblasts are isolated from the patient while undergoing abdominoplasty. Cultures are followed for up to 7 days using a medium supplemented with either fetal bovine serum (FBS) or PRP. Blood cell content in PRP preparations, proliferation, and fibroblast differentiation are assessed. This protocol describes the method for obtaining a standardized, non-activated preparation of PRP using a dedicated medical device. The preparation requires only a medical device (CuteCell-PRP) and centrifuge. This device is suitable under sufficient medical practice conditions and is a one-step, apyrogenic, and sterile closed system that requires a single, soft spin centrifugation of 1,500 x g for 5 min. After centrifugation, the blood components are separated, and the platelet-rich plasma is easily collected. This device allows a quick, consistent, and standardized preparation of PRP that can be used as a cell culture supplement for in vitro expansion of human cells. The PRP obtained here contains a 1.5-fold platelet concentration compared to whole blood together, with a preferential removal of red and white blood cells. It is shown that PRP presents a boosting effect in cell proliferation compared to FBS (7.7x) and that fibroblasts are activated upon PRP treatment.

This protocol presents a device that produces PRP to boost the in vitro expansion of cells in a 100% autologous fibroblast culture system.

In Vitro İnsan Fibroblast Genişlemesini Artırmak için Otolog Trombosit Bakımından Zengin Plazma Üretimi

There is currently great clinical interest in the use of autologous fibroblasts for skin repair. In most cases, culture of skin cells in vitro is ...

Anterior Segment Organ Culture Platform for Tracking Open Globe Injuries and Therapeutic Performance

Open globe injuries have poor visual outcomes, often resulting in permanent loss of vision. This is partly due to an extended delay between injury and medical intervention in rural environments and military medicine applications where ophthalmic care is not readily available. Untreated injuries are susceptible to infection after the eye has lost its watertight seal, as well as loss of tissue viability due to intraocular hypotension. Therapeutics to temporarily seal open globe injuries, if properly developed, may be able to restore intraocular pressure and prevent infection until proper ophthalmic care is possible. To facilitate product development, detailed here is the use of an anterior segment organ culture open globe injury platform for tracking therapeutic performance for at least 72 h post-injury. Porcine anterior segment tissue can be maintained in custom-designed organ culture dishes and held at physiological intraocular pressure. Puncture injuries can be created with a pneumatic-powered system capable of generating injury sizes up to 4.5 mm in diameter, similar to military-relevant injury sizes. Loss of intraocular pressure can be observed for 72 h post-injury confirming proper injury induction and loss of the eye&#39;s watertight seal. Therapeutic performance can be tracked by application to the eye after injury induction and then tracking intraocular pressure for multiple days. Further, the anterior segment injury model is applicable to widely used methods for functionally and biologically tracking anterior segment physiology, such as assessing transparency, ocular mechanics, corneal epithelium health, and tissue viability. Overall, the method described here is a necessary next step toward developing biomaterial therapeutics for temporarily sealing open globe injuries when ophthalmic care is not readily available.

Open globe eye injuries may go untreated for multiple days in rural or military-relevant scenarios, resulting in blindness. Therapeutics are needed to minimize loss of vision. Here, we detail an organ culture open globe injury model. With this model, potential therapeutics for stabilizing these injuries can be properly evaluated.

Açık Küre Yaralanmalarını ve Terapötik Performansı İzlemek için Ön Segment Organ Kültürü Platformu

Open globe injuries have poor visual outcomes, often resulting in permanent loss of vision. This is partly due to an extended delay between injury and ...

Fibroblast Derived Human Engineered Connective Tissue for Screening Applications

Fibroblasts are phenotypically highly dynamic cells, which quickly transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts in response to biochemical and biomechanical stimuli. The current understanding of fibrotic processes, including cardiac fibrosis, remains poor, which hampers the development of new anti-fibrotic therapies. Controllable and reliable human model systems are crucial for a better understanding of fibrosis pathology. This is a highly reproducible and scalable protocol to generate engineered connective tissues (ECT) in a 48-well casting plate to facilitate studies of fibroblasts and the pathophysiology of fibrotic tissue in a 3-dimensional (3D) environment. ECT are generated around the poles with tunable stiffness, allowing for studies under a defined biomechanical load. Under the defined loading conditions, phenotypic adaptations controlled by cell-matrix interactions can be studied. Parallel testing is feasible in the 48-well format with the opportunity for the time-course analysis of multiple parameters, such as tissue compaction and contraction against the load. From these parameters, biomechanical properties such as tissue stiffness and elasticity can be studied.

Presented here is a protocol to generate engineered connective tissues for a parallel culture of 48 tissues in a multi-well plate with double poles, suitable for mechanistic studies, disease modeling, and screening applications. The protocol is compatible with fibroblasts from different organs and species and is exemplified here with human primary cardiac fibroblasts.

Fibroblast Türetilmiş İnsan Tarafından Tasarlanmış Bağ Dokusu Tarama Uygulamaları için

Fibroblasts are phenotypically highly dynamic cells, which quickly transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts in response to biochemical and biomechanical ...