This study was supported by a grant from the Baden-W&#252;rttemberg Stiftung (Adult Stem Cells Program II) awarded to C.L. We thank Dr. Martina Konantz for critical input and review of the manuscript. We thank Emmanuel Traunecker and Toni Krebs from the DBM FACS Facility (University Hospital Basel) for assistance with FACS sorting.

OVCAR-3 insan yumurtalık karsinoma hücrelerinde 1. Üretim Stabil Lentivirüsler Sox2 düzenleyici bölge, haberci yapı İçeren kalıt <ol><li> Tarif 10,21 bir Sox2 düzenleyici bölgesini tanıyan bir raportör yapısı ile HEK 293T paketleme hücre hattı transfekte edilmesiyle lentiviral parçacıkları oluşturur. Not: raportör yapısının ayrıca ileride tdTomato floresan protein ProteoTuner kalkan sisteminin dengesizleşmesine alanı içerir. Shield1 böylece floresan proteini 22 aşağılamak için proteasom engelleyen istikrarsızlaştırma etki bağlanır. </li><li> 24 saatlik bir süre boyunca, lentiviral parçacıklarla OVCAR-3 hücreleri nakletmek. Daha sonra, viral süpernatant kaldırmak ve tam ortamda fosfat tamponlu tuz (PBS) ve kültürlenmiş hücreleri yıkayın (RPMI, 100 U / ml penisilin / ml streptomisin, 100 ug,% 10 FBS ile takviye edilmiş). </li><li> 48 saat sonra, 10 ug / ml puromycin kültürlere ilave edildi ve uygun bir şekilde kalıt aktarımlı hücrelerin seçimine izin vermek için 5 gün için muhafaza edilmiştir. </li></ol> Hücre Sorting ve Kaplama 2. Hazırlık <ol><li> 1 at Shield1 ekleyin: hücre sıralama öncesinde 1,000 seyreltme 24 saat. Negatif kontrol olarak Shield1 tedavisi (Şekil 1) bir stably transduse OVCAR-3 hücreleri kullanır. Şişeden aspire ortam, 3 dakika boyunca% 0.05 tripsin-EDTA ile hücreler 1 x hücrelerin PBS ile yıkayın ve trypsinize. </li><li> 5 dakika - (25 ° C 15) oda sıcaklığında 300 xg&#39;de hücre sayıları, santrifüj hücreleri saymak, (yukarıya bakınız) tam orta kullanarak tripsin durdurun. </li><li> Durusu süpernatant ve tekrar süspansiyon hücreleri dikkatli bir 0,5-1 ml steril PBS. </li><li> Tek bir hücre süspansiyonu elde etmek için 40 mikron hücre süzgeç kapağı filtresi kullanın. </li><li> Ml başına 5000000 hücrelere hücre sayımı ayarlayın. </li><li> , MEGM büyüme faktörleri, sitokinler ve ek takviye (100 ul ortam ultra düşük bağlanma, 96 gözlü levhalar küreler hazırlanmasıB-27, heparin-sodyum; ya da büyüme faktörleri, sitokinler ve ek B-27, ya da% 1 metilselüloz eklenmeden heparin-sodyum ile desteklenmiş DMEM / F12), aynı zamanda Tablo 1 e bakınız. İsteğe bağlı olarak mümkün kontaminasyon riskini en aza indirmek için, 100 U / ml penisilin ve 100 ug / ml streptomisin bir konsantrasyonda ortam antibiyotik ekleyin. </li><li> Sıralama TTT + ve yukarıda hazırlanan 96 oyuklu plakalara RFP- hücreleri, oyuk başına 1 hücre (tek hücre bazlı küreler deneyi), sırasıyla oyuk başına 100 hücre (çoklu hücre bazlı küreler deneyi). 100 μ meme, kılıf basıncı 20 psi ve verim maskesi 0, saflık maskesi 32, faz maskesi 16: Tek hücreli modu, kurulum sırala kullanarak (Malzeme) sıralama ticari olarak temin hücre sıralayıcı gerçekleştirin. </li><li> Mikroskopik olarak (tek bir hücre bazlı deney için) hücreler içeren kuyu puanlama ile ve çoklu hücre bazlı tahlilde (bireysel çukurlarındaki hücre saymak suretiyle kaplama verimlilik değerlendirmek; Şekil 2, </strong&gt;). </li><li> Orta alanda standart koşullar altında kuluçkaya bırakılır, 37 ° C&#39;de ve% 5 CO2 (bileşim için adım 2.6). Günlük bFGF (20 ng / ml) ve EGF (20 ng / ml), Supplement. </li><li> Bir hafta sonra, entegre muhabiri sisteminden floresan sinyal tespit etmek 4X veya 10X büyütme ve floresan mikroskop ile standart mikroskop kullanılarak tümör küreler ortaya çıkan numaralarını saymak. &quot;Küçük&quot; küreler olarak 100 mikron (Şekil 3) - çapı 50 ile &quot;büyük&quot; küreler olarak 100 mikron aşan bir çapa sahip küreler ve küreler Kont. Gerçek küreler saymak ve kümeler hücre değil emin olun. NOT: Tek hücre bazlı deneylerde küre oluşumu kültür 10 (7 karşı) gün sonra mikroskopik olarak puan daha kolaydır. </li><li> TTT + küre-oluşturucu hücre ve tek bir hücre bazlı deneylerde, sırasıyla RFP- hücreleri (her bir deney için, bir 96-yuvalı plaka) ve çok hücre-ba oranını hesaplamakShaw ve arkadaşları tarafından sunulan sed küreler deneyler (her bir deney için, bir oyuk). 16 Not: küre oluşturan hücrelerin (%) = (küre sayısı) / (tohumlanmıştır hücre sayısı) oranı 100 x </li></ol> Kürelerin 3. Seri Pasajlanması <ol><li> Oda sıcaklığında 10 dakika boyunca 300 x g&#39;de uygun bir steril tüp ve santrifüj her bir oyuğa içeriğini yerleştirin. Çok hücre tabanlı küreler tahliller için, birlikte iyi biri küreler toplamak. PBS ve uzun santrifüj 2 dakika ile 5 kez - KUYU 3 yıkayın. Tek hücre tabanlı küreler tahliller için, bireysel küreler toplamak. Nedeniyle hücrelerin düşük sayıda, santrifüjleme ve yıkama adımları için 1.5 ml tüpler kullanmaktadır. </li><li> % 0.05 tripsin-EDTA, 200 ul süpernatan ve tekrar süspansiyon pelet çıkarın. </li><li> Optimal hücre ayrılmasını sağlamak amacıyla, yumuşak bir çalkalayıcı içinde 5 dakika için 37 ° C &#39;de bir hücre süspansiyonu inkübe edilir. Alt hücre ölümü oranı cep hattı için trypsinization zaman Optimize: hiçbir büyük olursaküreler yavaşça 100 ul pipet kullanarak görünür çiğnemek olduğunu. Durumunda büyük küreler, hala mevcut başka bir 3 dakika tripsin ile kuluçkaya ve daha sonra toz haline getirme adıma geçin. Tek durumunda hücre tabanlı deneyler trypsinization adımı sırasında canlı hücrelerin optimum hücre verimi için zaman optimize etmek emin olun. </li><li> Tripsin inaktive tek hücre tahlilleri, ilave bir 2 dakika boyunca santrifüj halinde, 10 dakika boyunca 300 x g&#39;de 500 ul komple ortam ve santrifüj ekleyin. </li><li> Küreler orta dikkatle süpernatant ve tekrar süspansiyon hücreleri çıkarın. </li><li> Bir tek hücre süspansiyonu elde etmek için 40 mikron hücre süzgeç kapağı filtresi kullanın. </li><li> TTT + ve çoklu hücre-bassed deneylerde RFP- hücrelerin kullanılması durumunda, analiz akış sitometresi aracılığı ile her bir göze daha sonra süspansiyon içinde flüoresan hücrelerin yüzdesini değerlendirmek. </li><li> Yukarıda ayrıntılı olarak açıklandığı gibi hazırlanan tek hücre seri şarjı tahlilleri, tohum oyuk başına 1 hücre, bir ultra düşük bağlanma, 96 oyuklu bir plakaya için. Tek bir kişi alandan yaklaşık 20 ayrı kuyu tohum. Çoklu hücre bazlı primer kürelerin şarjı tahlilleri için, tohum hücreleri yeni bir 96 oyuklu bir plakaya birinci küre bir kuyudan elde edilen ve mikroskopi ile hücre sayıları ertesi gün sayısı. </li><li> Adım 2.11 tarif edilen formüle göre ikincil küreler tahlillerinde küre oluşturan hücrelerin oranını değerlendirmek. </li></ol> 4. Sonuç Analizi <ol><li> Bağımsız üçlü olarak yapılan deneylerden elde edilen sonuçları analiz ve iki taraflı Student t-testi istatistiksel analiz için normal dağılıma değerleri ve aksi Mann-Whitney-Testleri analiz için kullanabilirsiniz. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Küreler kültürleri kanser kök hücre potansiyeli tahlil, insan tümör hücrelerinin 15,25,26 geniş bir kök-benzeri hücreler için zenginleştirmek için yaygın olarak kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Bu kültür koşulları altında, kendini yenileme yeteneğinden yoksun kanser hücreleri ayırt etmek ve en sonunda hücre ölümü beklenmektedir. Başlangıçta hücre kümeleri veya özellikle ilköğretim tayinlerde bile tümör küre oluşturabilir rağmen, onlar yüzünden kendini yenileyen özellikler...

There is increasing evidence that ovarian carcinomas are comprised of heterogeneous mixtures of cells and harbor so-called &#8220;cancer stem cells&#8221; (CSCs) responsible for disease initiation, maintenance and relapse after conventional cytotoxic therapies1-3. Therefore, the development of molecular strategies targeting ovarian CSCs is an important goal and promises to improve the therapy of ovarian cancer patients.
A pre-requisite for the understanding of the molecular features of CSCs is their reliable isolation from the non-CSCs. However, identification of ovarian CSCs appears challenging. While CD133 expression and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity4,5 have been reported to mark ovarian CSCs, some data indicate that these markers are unstable6. Consistently, in ovarian cancer, other than for example in breast carcinoma7, expression of ALDH1 associates with favorable outcome8 and expression of the proposed stem cell marker CD44 variant has no prognostic value9. More recently, we have shown that expression of the embryonic stem cell protein SOX2 confers stemness to ovarian carcinoma cells10 and high SOX2 expression associates with clinically aggressive ovarian and breast carcinomas11,12. Therefore, in this report we use a lentiviral reporter construct containing a red fluorescence protein (RFP) whose expression is controlled by a SOX2 regulatory region, as a method to isolate putative ovarian CSCs.
By definition, CSCs can both self-renew and differentiate, giving rise to all tumor cell types. Putative CSC populations need to be analyzed in functional assays performed in vivo. For obvious reasons, in human cells such functional tests are confined to xenograft assays, comprising mostly transplantation of human tumor cells into immuno-compromised mice10,13.
An alternative in vitro method was offered by Brent Reynolds and Sam Weiss who firstly reported the so-called neurosphere assay as a surrogate assay evaluating stem potential in neural cells14. Dontu and colleagues later confirmed the use of this assay for evaluation of stem cell potential in breast cells15,16. Here, human mammary cells were plated in different numbers in serum-free medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), B-27 and heparin and cultured under non-adherent conditions for seven to ten days before sphere formation was scored by microscopy. Following this protocol with some adjustments in cell numbers, growth medium and supplements, several groups have explored in vitro stem cell potential from several cancer types such as breast17, brain18, pancreas19 and colon20 tumors. In ovarian carcinoma, we have recently reported feasibility of the spheres assay and compared its results to those collected in in vivo murine xenograft models10. We found that overexpression of the stem cell protein SOX2 enhanced both in vitro sphere formation as well as in vivo tumorigenicity of human ovarian carcinoma cells10. However, the frequency of sphere-initiating cells was higher than the frequency of tumor-initiating cells measured in vivo10 suggesting that either the sphere assay may lead to false positive results due to technical reasons or, alternatively, the in vivo assay may be inefficient and result in false negative results.
In this report, we analyze multi cell-based ovarian spheres assays in more detail, review the different protocols available in the literature and compare them to a single cell-based assay. We show that the single cell-based assay provides more accurate and reproducible results than multi cell-based assays, which can be highly influenced by the density of plated cells unless methylcellulose is added to the cultures to immobilize cells. However, also in single cell-based assays, in vitro sphere-initiating potential is observed at higher frequency than in vivo tumor-initiating potential.

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			<td>Corning</td>
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			<td>Lonza</td>
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			<td>end concentration: 20 ng/ml</td>
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			<td>end concentration: 20 ng/ml</td>
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			<td>Invitrogen/ Gibco</td>
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			<td>end concentration: 1x</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Heparin-Natrium-25000 IE</td>
			<td>Ratiopharm</td>
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			<td>dilution 1:1000</td>
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			<td>Gibco</td>
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			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21875-034</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Trypsin-EDTA&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25300-054</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s PBS (1x)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14190-094</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Shield1&#160;</td>
			<td>Clontech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">632189</td>
			<td>dilution 1:1000</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DMEM/F12</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21041-025</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DMEM/F12 (powder)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">42400-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Methyl cellulose</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M0387</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Puromycin dihydrochloride</td>
			<td>applichem</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A2856</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">cell sorter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Aria III cell sorter&#160;</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">FACS analyser</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>accuri c6 flow cytometer</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">microscope</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Olympus&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>IX50 Osiris</td>
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evaluation of stem cell properties in human ovarian carcinoma cells using multi and single cell-based spheres assays

Years of research indicates that ovarian cancers harbor a heterogeneous mixture of cells including a subpopulation of so-called &#8220;cancer stem cells&#8221; (CSCs) responsible for tumor initiation, maintenance and relapse following conventional chemotherapies. Identification of ovarian CSCs is therefore an important goal. A commonly used method to assess CSC potential in vitro is the spheres assay in which cells are plated under non-adherent culture conditions in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors and sphere formation is scored after a few days. Here, we review currently available protocols for human ovarian cancer spheres assays and perform a side-by-side analysis between commonly used multi cell-based assays and a more accurate system based on single cell plating. Our results indicate that both multi cell-based as well as single cell-based spheres assays can be used to investigate sphere formation in vitro. The more laborious and expensive single cell-based assays are more suitable for functional assessment of individual cells and lead to overall more accurate results while multi cell-based assays can be strongly influenced by the density of plated cells and require titration experiments upfront. Methylcellulose supplementation to multi cell-based assays can be effectively used to reduce mechanical artifacts.

Geleneksel küreler deneylerinde, RFP + OVCAR-3 hücrelerinin genel RFP- hücrelerin% 20, yaklaşık% 40, birincil küreler deneyi (Şekil 4A) &#39;de tek bir tümör alanına yol açmıştır. Ayrıca, RFP + hücreleri tarafından oluşturulan küreleri RFP- hücrelerden oluşan daha büyük boyutta olmuştur. Tek bir hücre bazlı deneylerde kaplama olduğunda, TTT + hücreleri aynı zamanda, yukarıda sonuçları teyit RFP- hücrelerden daha fazla küreler oluşturulur. B...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluation of Stem Cell Properties in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Using Multi and Single Cell-based Spheres Assays at JoVE.com

Evaluation of Stem Cell Properties in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Using Multi and Single Cell-based Spheres Assays

In vitro spheres assays are commonly used to identify cancer stem cells. Here we compare single with multi cell-based spheres assays. The more laborious single cell-based assays or methylcellulose supplementation give more accurate results while multi cell-based assays performed in liquid medium can be highly influenced by cell density.

Çoklu ve tek hücre bazlı küreler tahliller kullanılarak, insan yumurtalık karsinoma hücrelerinde Kök Hücre Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Years of research indicates that ovarian cancers harbor a heterogeneous mixture of cells including a subpopulation of so-called &#8220;cancer stem ...

evaluation-stem-cell-properties-human-ovarian-carcinoma-cells-using

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

9.5K Görüntüleme.  University Hospital Basel. In vitro spheres assays are commonly used to identify cancer stem cells. Here we compare single with multi cell-based spheres assays. The more laborious single cell-based assays or methylcellulose supplementation give more accurate results while multi cell-based assays performed in liquid medium can be highly influenced by cell density.

Video: Evaluation of Stem Cell Properties in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Using Multi and Single Cell-based Spheres Assays

Multi-photon Imaging of Tumor Cell Invasion in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Loco-regional invasion of head and neck cancer is linked to metastatic risk and presents a difficult challenge in designing and implementing patient management strategies. Orthotopic mouse models of oral cancer have been developed to facilitate the study of factors that impact invasion and serve as model system for evaluating anti-tumor therapeutics. In these systems, visualization of disseminated tumor cells within oral cavity tissues has typically been conducted by either conventional histology or with in vivo bioluminescent methods. A primary drawback of these techniques is the inherent inability to accurately visualize and quantify early tumor cell invasion arising from the primary site in three dimensions. Here we describe a protocol that combines an established model for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (SCOT) with two-photon imaging to allow multi-vectorial visualization of lingual tumor spread. The OSC-19 head and neck tumor cell line was stably engineered to express the F-actin binding peptide LifeAct fused to the mCherry fluorescent protein (LifeAct-mCherry). Fox1nu/nu mice injected with these cells reliably form tumors that allow the tongue to be visualized by ex-vivo application of two-photon microscopy. This technique allows for the orthotopic visualization of the tumor mass and locally invading cells in excised tongues without disruption of the regional tumor microenvironment. In addition, this system allows for the quantification of tumor cell invasion by calculating distances that invaded cells move from the primary tumor site. Overall this procedure provides an enhanced model system for analyzing factors that contribute to SCOT invasion and therapeutic treatments tailored to prevent local invasion and distant metastatic spread. This method also has the potential to be ultimately combined with other imaging modalities in an in vivo setting.

A comprehensive overview of the techniques involved in generating a mouse model of oral cancer and quantitative monitoring of tumor invasion within the tongue through multi-photon microscopy of labeled cells is presented. This system can serve as a useful platform for the molecular assessment and drug efficacy of anti-invasive compounds.

Oral Skuamöz Hücre Karsinomu Ortotopik Fare Modeli Tümör Hücre Invasion Multi-foton Görüntüleme

Loco-regional invasion of head and neck cancer is linked to metastatic risk and presents a difficult challenge in designing and implementing patient ...

Tıp

Evaluation of Cancer Stem Cell Migration Using Compartmentalizing Microfluidic Devices and Live Cell Imaging

In the last 40 years, the United States invested over 200 billion dollars on cancer research, resulting in only a 5% decrease in death rate. A major obstacle for improving patient outcomes is the poor understanding of mechanisms underlying cellular migration associated with aggressive cancer cell invasion, metastasis and therapeutic resistance1. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), the most prevalent primary malignant adult brain tumor2, exemplifies this difficulty. Despite standard surgery, radiation and chemotherapies, patient median survival is only fifteen months, due to aggressive GBM infiltration into adjacent brain and rapid cancer recurrence2. The interactions of aberrant cell migratory mechanisms and the tumor microenvironment likely differentiate cancer from normal cells3. Therefore, improving therapeutic approaches for GBM require a better understanding of cancer cell migration mechanisms. Recent work suggests that a small subpopulation of cells within GBM, the brain tumor stem cell (BTSC), may be responsible for therapeutic resistance and recurrence. Mechanisms underlying BTSC migratory capacity are only starting to be characterized1,4.
Due to a limitation in visual inspection and geometrical manipulation, conventional migration assays5 are restricted to quantifying overall cell populations. In contrast, microfluidic devices permit single cell analysis because of compatibility with modern microscopy and control over micro-environment6-9.
We present a method for detailed characterization of BTSC migration using compartmentalizing microfluidic devices. These PDMS-made devices cast the tissue culture environment into three connected compartments: seeding chamber, receiving chamber and bridging microchannels. We tailored the device such that both chambers hold sufficient media to support viable BTSC for 4-5 days without media exchange. Highly mobile BTSCs initially introduced into the seeding chamber are isolated after migration though bridging microchannels to the parallel receiving chamber. This migration simulates cancer cellular spread through the interstitial spaces of the brain. The phase live images of cell morphology during migration are recorded over several days. Highly migratory BTSC can therefore be isolated, recultured, and analyzed further. 
Compartmentalizing microfluidics can be a versatile platform to study the migratory behavior of BTSCs and other cancer stem cells. By combining gradient generators, fluid handling, micro-electrodes and other microfluidic modules, these devices can also be used for drug screening and disease diagnosis6. Isolation of an aggressive subpopulation of migratory cells will enable studies of underlying molecular mechanisms.

A compartmentalizing microfluidic device for investigating cancer stem cell migration is described. This novel platform creates a viable cellular microenvironment and enables microscopic visualization of live cell locomotion. Highly motile cancer cells are isolated to study molecular mechanisms of aggressive infiltration, potentially leading to more effective future therapies.

Bölümlere Mikroakışkan Cihazlar ve Canlı Hücre Görüntüleme kullanma Kanser Kök Hücre Göç Değerlendirilmesi

In the last 40 years, the United States invested over 200 billion dollars on cancer research, resulting in only a 5% decrease in death rate. A major ...

Stem Cell Transplantation in an in vitro Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion Model

Stem cell transplantation protocols are finding their way into clinical practice1,2,3. Getting better results, making the protocols more robust, and finding new sources for implantable cells are the focus of recent research4,5. Investigating the effectiveness of cell therapies is not an easy task and new tools are needed to investigate the mechanisms involved in the treatment process6. We designed an experimental protocol of ischemia/reperfusion in order to allow the observation of cellular connections and even subcellular mechanisms during ischemia/reperfusion injury and after stem cell transplantation and to evaluate the efficacy of cell therapy. H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells were placed onto cell culture plates7,8. Ischemia was simulated with 150 minutes in a glucose free medium with oxygen level below 0.5%. Then, normal media and oxygen levels were reintroduced to simulate reperfusion. After oxygen glucose deprivation, the damaged cells were treated with transplantation of labeled human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells by adding them to the culture. Mesenchymal stem cells are preferred in clinical trials because they are easily accessible with minimal invasive surgery, easily expandable and autologous. After 24 hours of co-cultivation, cells were stained with calcein and ethidium-homodimer to differentiate between live and dead cells. This setup allowed us to investigate the intercellular connections using confocal fluorescent microscopy and to quantify the survival rate of postischemic cells by flow cytometry. Confocal microscopy showed the interactions of the two cell populations such as cell fusion and formation of intercellular nanotubes. Flow cytometry analysis revealed 3 clusters of damaged cells which can be plotted on a graph and analyzed statistically. These populations can be investigated separately and conclusions can be drawn on these data on the effectiveness of the simulated therapeutical approach.

Stem Cell Transplantation in an in vitro Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion Model

We demonstrate how to set up an in vitro ischemia/reperfusion model and how to evaluate the effect of stem cell therapy on postischemic cardiac cells.

Bir Kök Hücre Nakli In vitro Simüle İskemi / Reperfüzyon Modeli

Stem cell transplantation protocols are finding their way into clinical practice1,2,3. Getting better results, making the protocols more robust, and ...

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting

Brain tumors are typically comprised of morphologically diverse cells that express a variety of neural lineage markers. Only a relatively small fraction of cells in the tumor with stem cell properties, termed brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs), possess an ability to differentiate along multiple lineages, self-renew, and initiate tumors in vivo. We applied culture conditions originally used for normal neural stem cells (NSCs) to a variety of human brain tumors and found that this culture method specifically selects for stem-like populations. Serum-free medium (NSC) allows for the maintenance of an undifferentiated stem cell state, and the addition of bFGF and EGF allows for the proliferation of multi-potent, self-renewing, and expandable tumorspheres.
To further characterize each tumor's BTIC population, we evaluate cell surface markers by flow cytometry. We may also sort populations of interest for more specific characterization. Self-renewal assays are performed on single BTICs sorted into 96 well plates; the formation of tumorspheres following incubation at 37 &deg;C indicates the presence of a stem or progenitor cell. Multiple cell numbers of a particular population can also be sorted in different wells for limiting dilution analysis, to analyze self-renewal capacity. We can also study differential gene expression within a particular cell population by using single cell RT-PCR.
The following protocols describe our procedures for the dissociation and culturing of primary human samples to enrich for BTIC populations, as well as the dissociation of tumorspheres. Also included are protocols for staining for flow cytometry analysis or sorting, self-renewal assays, and single cell RT-PCR.

The identification of brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs), the rare cells within a heterogeneous tumor possessing stem cell properties, provides new insights into human brain tumor pathogenesis. We have refined specific culture conditions to enrich for BTICs, and we routinely use flow cytometry to further enrich these populations. Self-renewal assays and transcript analysis by single cell RT-PCR can subsequently be performed on these isolated cells.

Sıralama Kök Hücre Tahliller ve Akış Primer Beyin Tümörü Doku İşleme

Brain tumors are typically comprised of morphologically diverse cells that express a variety of neural lineage markers. Only a relatively small fraction ...

Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods

Developing wisdom teeth are easy-accessible source of stem cells during the adulthood which could be obtained by routine orthodontic treatments. Human pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs) possess high proliferation potential with multi-lineage differentiation capacity compare to the ordinary source of adult stem cells1-8; therefore, hDPSCs could be the good candidates for autologous transplantation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Along with these benefits, possessing the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) features, such as immunolodulatory effect, make hDPSCs more valuable, even in the case of allograft transplantation6,9,10. Therefore, the primary step for using this source of stem cells is to select the best protocol for isolating hDPSCs from pulp tissue. In order to achieve this goal, it is crucial to investigate the effect of various isolation conditions on different cellular behaviors, such as their common surface markers &amp; also their differentiation capacity.
Thus, here we separate human pulp tissue from impacted third molar teeth, and then used both existing protocols based on literature, for isolating hDPSCs,11-13 i.e. enzymatic dissociation of pulp tissue (DPSC-ED) or outgrowth from tissue explants (DPSC-OG). In this regards, we tried to facilitate the isolation methods by using dental diamond disk. Then, these cells characterized in terms of stromal-associated Markers (CD73, CD90, CD105 &amp; CD44), hematopoietic/endothelial Markers (CD34, CD45 &amp; CD11b), perivascular marker, like CD146 and also STRO-1. Afterwards, these two protocols were compared based on the differentiation potency into odontoblasts by both quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) &amp; Alizarin Red Staining. QPCR were used for the assessment of the expression of the mineralization-related genes (alkaline phosphatase; ALP, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein; MEPE &amp; dentin sialophosphoprotein; DSPP).14

The method described isolation and characterization of human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) by using either enzymatic dissociation of pulp (DPSC-ED) or direct outgrowth of stem cells from pulp tissue explants (DPSC-OG). Then followed by in vitro comparative differentiation of both types of hDPSCs into odontoblasts.

İnsan Diş Pulp Kök Hücre İzolasyonu, Karakterizasyonu ve Karşılaştırmalı Farklılaşma İki Farklı Yöntemler Kullanılarak Daimi Dişler türetilen

Developing wisdom teeth are easy-accessible source of stem cells during the adulthood which could be obtained by routine orthodontic treatments. Human ...

Cell-based Assay Protocol for the Prognostic Prediction of Idiopathic Scoliosis Using Cellular Dielectric Spectroscopy

This protocol details the experimental and analytical procedure for a cell-based assay developed in our laboratory as a functional test to predict the prognosis of idiopathic scoliosis in asymptomatic and affected children. The assay consists of the evaluation of the functional status of Gi and Gs proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by cellular dielectric spectroscopy (CDS), using an automated CDS-based instrument, and the classification of children into three functional groups (FG1, FG2, FG3) with respect to the profile of imbalance between the degree of response to Gi and Gs proteins stimulation. The classification is further confirmed by the differential effect of osteopontin (OPN) on response to Gi stimulation among groups and the severe progression of disease is referenced by FG2. Approximately, a volume of 10 ml of blood is required to extract PBMCs by Ficoll-gradient and cells are then stored in liquid nitrogen. The adequate number of PBMCs to perform the assay is obtained after two days of cell culture. Essentially, cells are first incubated with phytohemmaglutinin (PHA). After 24 hr incubation, medium is replaced by a PHA-free culture medium for an additional 24 hr prior to cell seeding and OPN treatment. Cells are then spectroscopically screened for their responses to somatostatin and isoproterenol, which respectively activate Gi and Gs proteins through their cognate receptors. Both somatostatin and isoproterenol are simultaneously injected with an integrated fluidics system and the cells&#39; responses are monitored for 15 min. The assay can be performed with fresh or frozen PBMCs and the procedure is completed within 4 days.

A structured protocol is presented for a cell-based assay as a functional test to predict the prognosis of idiopathic scoliosis using cellular dielectric spectroscopy (CDS). The assay can be performed with fresh or frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the procedure is completed within 4 days.

Hücresel Dielektrik Spektroskopisi kullanarak İdiopatik Skolyoz Prognostik Tahmininde Hücre-tabanlı Deney Protokolü

This protocol details the experimental and analytical procedure for a cell-based assay developed in our laboratory as a functional test to predict the ...

RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The &#39;gold standard&#39; for oncogenic HPV detection is the demonstration of transcriptionally active high-risk HPV in tumor tissue. However, detection of E6/E7 mRNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) requires RNA extraction which destroys the tumor tissue context critical for morphological correlation and has been difficult to be adopted in routine clinical practice. Our recently developed RNA in situ hybridization technology, RNAscope, permits direct visualization of RNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue with single molecule sensitivity and single cell resolution, which enables highly sensitive and specific in situ analysis of any RNA biomarker in routine clinical specimens. The RNAscope HPV assay was designed to detect the E6/E7 mRNA of seven high-risk HPV genotypes (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52, and 58) using a pool of genotype-specific probes. It has demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity against the current &#39;gold standard&#39; method of detecting E6/E7 mRNA by qRT-PCR. HPV status determined by RNAscope is strongly prognostic of clinical outcome in oropharyngeal cancer patients.

RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The presence of high-risk HPV in head and neck tumor tissue is associated with favorable outcomes. The recently developed RNA in situ hybridization technique called RNAscope allows direct visualization of HPV E6/E7 mRNA in FFPE tissue sections.

Için RNAscope<em&gt; In situ</em&gt; Head transkriptional Aktif Human Papilloma Virüs Tespiti ve Boyun Skuamöz Hücre Karsinomu

The &#39;gold standard&#39; for oncogenic HPV detection is the demonstration of transcriptionally active high-risk HPV in tumor tissue. However, detection ...

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue

Epilepsy, affecting about 1% of the population, comprises a group of neurological disorders characterized by the periodic occurrence of seizures, which disrupt normal brain function. Despite treatment with currently available antiepileptic drugs targeting neuronal functions, one third of patients with epilepsy are pharmacoresistant. In this condition, surgical resection of the brain area generating seizures remains the only alternative treatment. Studying human epileptic tissues has contributed to understand new epileptogenic mechanisms during the last 10 years. Indeed, these tissues generate spontaneous interictal epileptic discharges as well as pharmacologically-induced ictal events which can be recorded with classical electrophysiology techniques. Remarkably, multi-electrode arrays (MEAs), which are microfabricated devices embedding an array of spatially arranged microelectrodes, provide the unique opportunity to simultaneously stimulate and record field potentials, as well as action potentials of multiple neurons from different areas of the tissue. Thus MEAs recordings offer an excellent approach to study the spatio-temporal patterns of spontaneous interictal and evoked seizure-like events and the mechanisms underlying seizure onset and propagation. Here we describe how to prepare human cortical slices from surgically resected tissue and to record with MEAs interictal and ictal-like events ex vivo.

We here describe how to perform multi-electrode array recordings of human epileptic cortical tissue. Epileptic tissue resection, slice preparation and multi-electrode array recordings of interictal and ictal events are demonstrated in detail.

İnsan Epileptik Ameliyat sonrası Kortikal Doku Çok elektrot Dizi Kayıtlar

Epilepsy, affecting about 1% of the population, comprises a group of neurological disorders characterized by the periodic occurrence of seizures, which ...

Enrichment for Chemoresistant Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells from Human Cell Lines

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subset of slow cycling and undifferentiated cells that divide asymmetrically to generate highly proliferative, invasive, and chemoresistant tumor cells. Therefore, CSCs are an attractive population of cells to target therapeutically. CSCs are predicted to contribute to a number of types of malignancies including those in the blood, brain, lung, gastrointestinal tract, prostate, and ovary. Isolating and enriching a tumor cell population for CSCs will enable researchers to study the properties, genetics, and therapeutic response of CSCs. We generated a protocol that reproducibly enriches for ovarian cancer CSCs from ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and OVCA429). Cell lines are treated with 20 &#181;M cisplatin for 3 days. Surviving cells are isolated and cultured in a serum-free stem cell media containing cytokines and growth factors. We demonstrate an enrichment of these purified CSCs by analyzing the isolated cells for known stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog, and Prom1 (CD133) and cell surface expression of CD177 and CD133. The CSCs exhibit increased chemoresistance. This method for isolation of CSCs is a useful tool for studying the role of CSCs in chemoresistance and tumor relapse.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are&#160;implicated in tumor relapse due to chemoresistance. We have optimized a protocol for selection and expansion of CSCs from ovarian cancer cell lines. By treating cells with the chemotherapeutic cisplatin and culturing&#160;in a stem cell promoting media we enrich for non-adherent CSC cultures.

İnsan Hücre Lines Kemorezistans Yumurtalık Kanser Kök Hücreleri Zenginleştirme

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subset of slow cycling and undifferentiated cells that divide asymmetrically to generate highly proliferative, ...

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Lymphatic system disorders such as primary lymphedema, lymphatic malformations and lymphatic tumors are rare conditions that cause significant morbidity but little is known about their biology. Isolating highly pure human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from diseased and healthy tissue would facilitate studies of the lymphatic endothelium at genetic, molecular and cellular levels. It is anticipated that these investigations may reveal targets for new therapies that may change the clinical management of these conditions. A protocol describing the isolation of human foreskin LECs and lymphatic malformation lymphatic endothelial cells (LM LECs) is presented. To obtain a single cell suspension tissue was minced and enzymatically treated using dispase II and collagenase II. The resulting single cell suspension was then labelled with antibodies to cluster of differentiation (CD) markers CD34, CD31, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-3 (VEGFR-3) and PODOPLANIN. Stained viable cells were sorted on a fluorescently activated cell sorter (FACS) to separate the CD34LowCD31PosVEGFR-3PosPODOPLANINPos LM LEC population from other endothelial and non-endothelial cells. The sorted LM LECs were cultured and expanded on fibronectin-coated flasks for further experimental use.

The goal of this protocol is to isolate lymphatic endothelial cells lining human lymphatic malformation cyst-like vessels and foreskins using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Subsequent cell culturing and expansion of these cells permits a new level of experimental sophistication for genetic, proteomic, functional and cell differentiation studies.

Çoklu-parametre floresans ile aktive edilen hücre sınıflandırma İnsan lenfatik endotel hücreleri İzolasyonu

Lymphatic system disorders such as primary lymphedema, lymphatic malformations and lymphatic tumors are rare conditions that cause significant morbidity ...