We thank members of the Mariani lab for critical reading of the manuscript. Our funding sources were: the Baxter Medical Scholar Research Fellowship (to M.K.S.), USC undergraduate fellowships and the Provost, Dean Joan M. Schaeffer, and Rose Hills Fellowships, (to M.K.S.). We also acknowledge a CIRM BRIDGES fellowship through Pasadena City College (to T.T.T). and the James H. Zumberge Research and Innovation Fund, the USC Regenerative Medicine Initiative, and the NIAMS NIH under Award Number R21AR064462 (to F.V.M).

NOT: Tüm işlemler Southern California Üniversitesi Kurumsal Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Komitesi (IACUC) tarafından onaylanmış bir hayvan protokolüne uygun bulunmaktadır. Cerrahi için 1. Hazırlık <ol><li> Gerekli cerrahi aletleri ve malzemeleri yerleştirin (1 öğe sterilize - Malzeme listesinde 18) ve bir mikroskop ve bir başlık ya da bir aşağı doğru masaya bir fiber optik trans-aydınlatıcı düzenlemek. </li><li> Anestezi ikna etmek için% 4 izofluran ile bir indüksiyon odasında (3 aylık - - 30 gr, 1 20) cinsel olgun fare yerleştirin. </li><li> Bir pençe ve / veya kuyruk tutam testi ile anestezi onaylayın. </li><li> Ameliyat sırasında göz kuruluğu önlemek için farenin gözlerine merhem sürün. </li><li> Mikroskop sahneye fareyi hareket ettirin. Bakım hortum burun konisi içine fare koyun ve yanal yerleştirin. Vücut ısısını korumak amacıyla bir hayvana bitişik ısıtıcı bir torba sağlar. DEĞİLE:. Fare Pozisyon kişisel tercihi ve / veya cerrahın ellilik bağlıdır, sol veya sağ ya da yan gayet iyi. </li><li> Bakım için% 3, ve solunum hızı izle - 2 izofluran ayarlayın. </li><li> Bir 25 G iğne ile ameliyat sonrası ağrı için buprenorfın (0.05mg / kg) deri altından (bacağın lateral yan) enjekte edilir. bacak normal bir tepki olduğu seğirme olabilir. </li></ol> 2. Açılış Kesi <ol><li> Palpasyonla istenen kaburga Algılama ve tıraş ile saç alanını temizleyin. NOT: kaburga 1-7 akciğerlere yakın ve 11-13 oldukça kısa olduğundan kaburga 8-10 tavsiye edilir. Kaburga Sayma 1 numara olarak en rostral kaburga ile başlamalıdır. </li><li> (3x genellikle hayvan kullanım protokolleri tarafından tavsiye edilir), povidon-iyot ve izopropanol (% 70) sürüntü alternatif alanı hazırlayın. </li><li> Doğrudan yukarıda, deri yoluyla 2 cm kesi kesin ve orta ölçekli mikrocerrahi makas ile istenilen kaburga paralel. INCISaltta yatan kas ve yağ katmanları aracılığıyla e. </li><li> Kesi boyutu en aza indirirken, cerrahi alan ortaya çıkarmak için bir sarıcıya 3 katmanları (deri, kas, yağ) yerleştirin. </li></ol> 3. kaburga eksize <ol><li> Bir 5,0 mm neşter ile kaburga istenilen bölümünü örten interkostal kaslar kesti. Kaburga gibi son derece kavisli olmadığı bu gibi chondrocostal eklem pozisyon 5 mm proksimal etrafında bu kesi olduğunu. Dikkatle ince uçlu forseps ile kemik kas ayrı. </li><li> Hayvanda periost koruyarak bir reseksiyona oluşturmak için, bir 5.0 mm bir bisturi ile şeridin uzunluğu boyunca, periost kesilmiştir. Dikkatle ince uçlu forseps ile yanal altta yatan kemik periost ayrı. Periost çok hassas ve bir jelatinimsi kıvama sahip olduğu, dikkatli devam. </li><li> Sonraki ince mikro-makas ile bir ucunda kemik yoluyla bir kesitini yapmak. Gerekirse, ile rezeksiyon ölçmekmikroskop veya cetvel türü göstergesi bir reticle. Sonra dikkatlice periost dışarı kemik kaldırın ve diğer ucunu kesti. NOT: Dikkatli devam edin. Bu plevral membran gözyaşı ve bir pnömotoraks neden aşağıda kaburga eksize olmadan yukarı çekerek gibi en hassas adımdır. Plevra zarı yırtılmış ise göğüs boşluğunun iç görünür hale gelecektir bu kolaylıkla belli olacak. </li><li> Kanamayı durdurmak için 5 sn - kanama kemik kesme sonucu oluşursa, 4 için pamuk uçlu çubuk ile kesik sonunda basınç uygulayın. NOT: Nadiren kanama devam ettiğini, bunu durdurmak ve hayvana kurtarma tehlikeye gibi önemli kan kaybı euthanize gerekli olabilir (sıvı replasmanı olmadan, güvenle kaybolabilir maksimum kan hacmi, toplam kan hacminin% 10 ya da 7,7 -.) 200 ul 9 - 8 ul / g, 25 g bir fare için, bu yaklaşık 180 ile eşdeğerdir. </li><li> Hemen içine kaldırıldı kaburga yerleştirinGelecekteki analiz için% 4 PFA. NOT: kemik ve periost hem rezeksiyonu yapılacak ise, periost kesi ve ayrılık (adım 3.2) ihmal. Periost çok sıkı plevral zara bağlı olduğundan yırtılmasını önlemek için forseps ile uzak plevral membran kaburga alay, dikkatli devam. </li></ol> 4. kesi Kapanış <ol><li> 9-0 sütür (2 sütür genellikle yeterlidir) ile kalan periost kovanın üstünden interkostal kasları sütür. Cerrahi konumu göstergeleri olarak hareket etmek, doğrudan kaburga kesim uçları yukarıda sütür yerleştirin. </li><li> Ekartörünü çıkarın. (- 4 sütür genellikle yeterli 3) 9-0 sütür ile örten kas ve yağ sütür. Kas ve / veya yağ, özellikle kalın tabakalar farelerde, her biri ayrı ayrı bir tabaka dikiş (örneğin, kas tabaka için dikiş 1 tabakasının yağ tabakası için dikiş 1 kat). </li><li> Kapat(- 5 sütür genellikle yeterlidir 4) 7-0 dikiş ile cilt. </li><li> Büyük forseps ile birlikte kenarları kısma, dikiş yapıştırıcı ile kesi sabitleyin. </li><li> Yavaş yavaş ilk birkaç dakika için% 1 ayarlayarak kapalı izofluran fare vazgeçirmek ve sonra kapatın. </li><li> Bir ısı lambası altında fare yerleştirin ve bilinç, 5 sağlanıncaya kadar bırakın - 10 dakika. Bilinç kazanmış sonra ve iyileşme dönemi boyunca, fare taşımak ve normal ambulate ve sıkıntı emaresi göstermelidir. </li></ol> 5. Kurtarma ve Analiz <ol><li> 0.5 mg bir oral jelatin formunda, buprenorfinin uygulama da dahil olmak üzere ameliyat sonrası ağrı idaresi sağlamak / 48 saat süre ile, her 12 saat kg. Oral uygulama göğüs bölgesinde ağrıya neden olabilir hayvan frenleyici gerektirmez. </li><li> Iyileşme döneminde yiyecek ve su ücretsiz erişim ile bir kafes içinde fare koruyun. Kesik kuruduktan sonra, kadın hayvanlar erkek ise birlikte muhafaza edilebilirs mücadele önlemek için izole kalmalıdır. </li><li> Iyileşme döneminden sonra, ötenazi onaylanmış prosedürü uygulayın. Tespit ve analiz için göğüs kafesini çıkarın. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose

Önce bu protokolü öğrenirken, nerede zor olabilir başlangıç ​​kesi yerini belirlerken. Ancak, ötenazi fareler üzerinde uygulama cerrah ilk kesi yerleştirin ve rezeke istenen kaburga maruz nerede öğrenmenize yardımcı olur. Kadavra üzerinde çalışmak aynı zamanda veya periost olmadan kaburga kısmını kaldırmak için gerekli ince motor becerilerini geliştirir. Ayrıca, bu prosedüre yeni biri ince araçlar ve ince sütür manipüle zor bulabilir. Off bağlama sırasında, aşırı sütür çekerek...

Iskelet yaralanma, kronik osteoartrit zayıflatıcı ve rekonstrüktif cerrahi ile ilgili ciddi sorunlar, ekonomik verimliliği, aile refahı ve yaşam kalitesini etkileyebilir. Küçük molalar ve lezyonlar oldukça iyi iyileşmek mümkün olmakla birlikte, insanlar yapısını ve fonksiyonunu geri rekonstrüktif prosedürleri güvenmek gerekir, bu nedenle büyük kusurları tamir ve yeteneğine sahip değildir. İmar allojeneik veya Heterojenik greft, morcellized kemik, implante iskeleleri, ya da distraksiyon osteogenezisi içerebilir. Ne yazık ki, sadece bu tedaviler ancak tamir kemiğin orijinal gücü nadiren ulaşılır ile ilişkili inatçı morbidite faktörler vardır. Böylece, yeni klinik yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç vardır. Segmental kusurları tedavi etmek için yenilikçi yöntemler geliştirmek Tek yönlü büyük ölçekli onarım doğal olarak oluştuğu durumları incelemektir. Memeliler th sınırlı olarak kabul edilir ise Amfibi ünlü, iskelet elemanları yeniden olabiliryeteneğidir. Ancak, 20. yüzyılın başlarında bu yana, insan kaburga rejenerasyon birkaç rapor insanlar öylesine 1-4 sınırlı değildir düşündürmektedir yayınlanmıştır. Şu anda bu olay iyi çene, yüz ve kulak rekonstrüksiyonu için kaburga malzeme kullanımı, plastik cerrahlar tarafından bilinir, ama daha geniş 5 takdir edilmez. Daha ayrıntılı olarak bu onarım incelemek için, biz fareyi kullanarak bir cerrahi modeli geliştirdik. Bu protokolü kullanarak, araştırmacılar ilgili doğuştan faktörleri belirlemek ve diğer yerlerde iskelet şifa kolaylaştırmak için bu bilgileri kullanabilirsiniz. Iskelet onarım çalışmaları için bir model olarak kaburga kullanmanın birçok avantajı vardır. (Femur 6,7 rezeksiyonu kıyasla) İlk olarak, çevreleyen kaburgalar doğal fiksatör sağlar. Bu iç ve dış fiksatör morbidite riskini azaltır ve cerrahi prosedürü kolaylaştırır. Göğüs wa İkincisi, ince kas tabakalarıkolay erişim ve kalvaryal rezeksiyon- 8 kolaylık tahlil karşılaştırılabilir hale mükemmel bir görüş sağlamak ll. Üçüncüsü, intramembranöz kemikleşme, endokondral kemikleşme ile kaburga formu oluşması ve merkezi bir diafiz iki ucunda bulunan büyüme plaklarının de uzatma yoluyla boyu büyüdükçe kafataslarından aksine. Bu nedenle, kaburga tamir apendiküler iskeletin uzun kemiklerin onarımı daha karşılaştırılabilir olabilir. Ayrıca, femur göre, kaburga periost kalındır ve daha kolay bir şekilde manipüle edilebilir olduğunu bulmuşlardır. Böylece, periost okuyan veya hücre tedavileri, farmakolojik ajanlar test ve / veya doku iskelelerinin amacıyla kemik onarımı tahlil etmek isteyen araştırmacılar, bu cerrahi modeli yararlı bulabilirsiniz. Özet olarak, bu yiv rezeksiyon modeli yaygın olarak kullanılan bu tür bir model halen var olduğu memelilerde doğal büyük ölçekli kemik onarım çalışma içinde bir ortam sağlar.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="896">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Name of Reagent/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:275px;">Medium sized micro-dissection scissors (Vannas-T&#252;bingen Spring Scissors 5 mm)</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>15003-08</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:275px;">Fine micro-dissection scissors (Vannas Spring Scissors - 2mm Cutting Edge)</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">15000-04</td>
			<td>curved tip is beneficial</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Micro-scalpel 5.0 mm</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10315-12</td>
			<td>other fine scalpels can be substituted</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Dumont 55 forceps</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">11295-51</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Retractor&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>17004-05</td>
			<td>adjustability is convenient</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Micro-needle holders</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">12060-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:275px;">9.0 nylon sutures (Ethilon), taper point best</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td>2819G or similar</td>
			<td>taper point best but reverse cutting is also good</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">7.0 prolene sutures (Prolene)</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td>8700H or similar</td>
			<td>6-0 can be used too, needle point can vary</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Large forceps (Adson Forceps)</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">11006-12</td>
			<td>other brands are fine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Lubricant Eye Ointment (Akwa Tears)</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Akorn</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">17478-062-35</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:275px;">Suture glue (GLUture Topical Tissue Adhesive)</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Abbot</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">32046-01</td>
			<td>has excellent working time</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Shaver</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Wahl</td>
			<td>9918-6171 or similar</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Clamp lamp</td>
			<td>Zoo Med</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">LF-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Infrared Bulb, 75W</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Zoo Med</td>
			<td>RS-75</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:275px;">RC2 Rodent Anesthesia System</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">VetEquip&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">922100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">IsoFlo (Isoflurane)</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Abbot</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">05260-05</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Buprenorphine (Buprenex)</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Reckitt Benckiser</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">12496-0757-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Betadine</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Purdue Frederick</td>
			<td>67618015017</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Flavored Gelatin, raspberry</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Jell-O</td>
			<td>B000E1FYL0</td>
			<td>made up firm, to the consistency of &#39;jigglers&#39;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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a surgical procedure for resecting the mouse rib: a model for large-scale long bone repair

Bu protokol fare kaburga kullanan büyük ölçekli kemik onarımı için yeni bir model için araştırmacılar tanıttı. , çevredeki interkostal kaslar istenen kaburga açığa göğüs vücut duvarı açılış pnömotoraks neden olmadan kaburga istenilen bölümünü eksize ve kesi kapatılması, ameliyat için hayvan hazırlanması: prosedürü takip ayrıntıları. Apendiküler iskelet kemikleri ile karşılaştırıldığında, kaburga son derece erişilebilir. Komşu kirişleri doğal şekilde sabitlenmesini temin Ek olarak, herhangi bir dahili veya harici bir fiksatör gereklidir. cerrahi, piyasada mevcut kaynakları kullanır öğrenmek için basit ve hayvan tarafından iyi tolere edilir. işlem ile veya çevresindeki periost çıkarmadan gerçekleştirilir ve bu nedenle onarım Perioste- katkısı değerlendirilebilir. 2 ay - Sonuçlar periost kalınırsa, sağlam onarımı 1 oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Yapacaklarımız Bu protokol kullanımının bekliyoruzkaburga onarım içine araştırmaları teşvik ve bulgular vücudun etrafında diğer yerlerde kemik onarımı teşvik için yeni yollar geliştirilmesini kolaylaştıracak olacak.

Hayvanlar genellikle kesi iyi iyileşir, bu prosedürün hızla kurtarmak, ve hayvanlar normal davranış sergilerler. Prosedür piyasada mevcut kaynakları kullanır ve uygulama sonrasında, 1 saat altında tamamlanabilir. Deneysel verileri oluşturmak için bu prosedürü kullanmadan önce, herhangi bir büyük kemik parçaları rezeksiyon bölgesi içinde kalabilir olmadığını belirlemek için günlük 0 zaman noktasında rezeksiyon analiz etmek önemlidir. Bu genellikle özel radyasyon güvenlik onayları gerekti...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Surgical Procedure for Resecting the Mouse Rib: A Model for Large-Scale Long Bone Repair at JoVE.com

A Surgical Procedure for Resecting the Mouse Rib: A Model for Large-Scale Long Bone Repair

The overall goal of this procedure is to successfully resect a portion of bone from the rib of a mouse. The procedure was developed as a model to study large-scale long bone repair.

Fare kaburga Rezeksiyonu için Cerrahi Prosedür: Büyük Ölçekli Uzun Kemik Onarım İçin Bir Model

This protocol introduces researchers to a new model for large-scale bone repair utilizing the mouse rib. The procedure details the following: preparation ...

a-surgical-procedure-for-resecting-mouse-rib-model-for-large-scale

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.0K Görüntüleme.  Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California. The overall goal of this procedure is to successfully resect a portion of bone from the rib of a mouse. The procedure was developed as a model to study large-scale long bone repair.

Video: A Surgical Procedure for Resecting the Mouse Rib: A Model for Large-Scale Long Bone Repair

A Novel Surgical Approach for Intratracheal Administration of Bioactive Agents in a Fetal Mouse Model

Prenatal pulmonary delivery of cells, genes or pharmacologic agents could provide the basis for new therapeutic strategies for a variety of genetic and acquired diseases. Apart from congenital or inherited abnormalities with the requirement for long-term expression of the delivered gene, several non-inherited perinatal conditions, where short-term gene expression or pharmacological intervention is sufficient to achieve therapeutic effects, are considered as potential future indications for this kind of approach. Candidate diseases for the application of short-term prenatal therapy could be the transient neonatal deficiency of surfactant protein B causing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome1,2 or hyperoxic injuries of the neonatal lung3. Candidate diseases for permanent therapeutic correction are Cystic Fibrosis (CF)4, genetic variants of surfactant deficiencies5 and &alpha;1-antitrypsin deficiency6.
Generally, an important advantage of prenatal gene therapy is the ability to start therapeutic intervention early in development, at or even prior to clinical manifestations in the patient, thus preventing irreparable damage to the individual. In addition, fetal organs have an increased cell proliferation rate as compared to adult organs, which could allow a more efficient gene or stem cell transfer into the fetus. Furthermore, in utero gene delivery is performed when the individual's immune system is not completely mature. Therefore, transplantation of heterologous cells or supplementation of a non-functional or absent protein with a correct version should not cause immune sensitization to the cell, vector or transgene product, which has recently been proven to be the case with both cellular and genetic therapies7.
In the present study, we investigated the potential to directly target the fetal trachea in a mouse model. This procedure is in use in larger animal models such as rabbits and sheep8, and even in a clinical setting9, but has to date not been performed before in a mouse model. When studying the potential of fetal gene therapy for genetic diseases such as CF, the mouse model is very useful as a first proof-of-concept because of the wide availability of different transgenic mouse strains, the well documented embryogenesis and fetal development, less stringent ethical regulations, short gestation and the large litter size.
Different access routes have been described to target the fetal rodent lung, including intra-amniotic injection10-12, (ultrasound-guided) intrapulmonary injection13,14 and intravenous administration into the yolk sac vessels15,16 or umbilical vein17. Our novel surgical procedure enables researchers to inject the agent of choice directly into the fetal mouse trachea which allows for a more efficient delivery to the airways than existing techniques18.

We developed a novel surgical approach for intratracheal administration of bioactive agents into the mouse fetus. The delivery route is more efficient in targeting the fetal mouse lungs than the commonly used intra-amniotic injection. This procedure has to date not been described in a mouse model.

Bir Fetal Fare Modelinde Biyoaktif Ajan intratrakeal Yönetimi İçin Yeni Bir Cerrahi Yaklaşım

Prenatal pulmonary delivery of cells, genes or pharmacologic agents could provide the basis for new therapeutic strategies for a variety of genetic and ...

Tıp

Surgical Technique for Spinal Cord Delivery of Therapies: Demonstration of Procedure in Gottingen Minipigs

This is a compact visual description of a combination of surgical technique and device for the delivery of (gene and cell) therapies into the spinal cord. While the technique is demonstrated in the animal, the procedure is FDA-approved and currently being used for stem cell transplantation into the spinal cords of patients with ALS. While the FDA has recognized proof-of-principle data on therapeutic efficacy in highly characterized rodent models, the use of large animals is considered critical for validating the combination of a surgical procedure, a device, and the safety of a final therapy for human use. The size, anatomy, and general vulnerability of the spine and spinal cord of the swine are recognized to better model the human. Moreover, the surgical process of exposing and manipulating the spinal cord as well as closing the wound in the pig is virtually indistinguishable from the human. We believe that the healthy pig model represents a critical first step in the study of procedural safety.

Short visual description of the surgical technique and device used for the delivery of (gene and cell) therapies into the spinal cord. The technique is demonstrated in the animal but is entirely translatable and currently being used for human application.

Terapiler Omurilik Teslimat için Cerrahi Tekniği: Göttingen Minipigs Prosedürü gösterilmesi

This is a  compact visual description of a combination of surgical technique and device  for the  delivery of (gene and cell) therapies into the spinal ...

A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies

Surgical resection is an essential treatment for most cancer patients, but surgery induces dysfunction in the immune system and this has been linked to the development of metastatic disease in animal models and in cancer patients. Preclinical work from our group and others has demonstrated a profound suppression of innate immune function, specifically NK cells in the postoperative period and this plays a major role in the enhanced development of metastases following surgery. Relatively few animal studies and clinical trials have focused on characterizing and reversing the detrimental effects of cancer surgery. Using a rigorous animal model of spontaneously metastasizing tumors and surgical stress, the enhancement of cancer surgery on the development of lung metastases was demonstrated. In this model, 4T1 breast cancer cells are implanted in the mouse mammary fat pad. At day 14 post tumor implantation, a complete resection of the primary mammary tumor is performed in all animals. A subset of animals receives additional surgical stress in the form of an abdominal nephrectomy. At day 28, lung tumor nodules are quantified. When immunotherapy was given immediately preoperatively, a profound activation of immune cells which prevented the development of metastases following surgery was detected. While the 4T1 breast tumor surgery model allows for the simulation of the effects of abdominal surgical stress on tumor metastases, its applicability to other tumor types needs to be tested. The current challenge is to identify safe and promising immunotherapies in preclinical mouse models and to translate them into viable perioperative therapies to be given to cancer surgery patients to prevent the recurrence of metastatic disease.

A mouse tumor model of surgical stress is used to explore how postoperative immune suppression promotes metastatic disease and to evaluate immunostimulatory perioperative therapies.

Ameliyat sonrası Immunosupressjon&#39;un ve Mekanizmaları keşfedin ve Roman Perioperatif İmmünoterapiler Değerlendirmesinde Cerrahi Stres Fare Tümör Modeli

Surgical resection is an essential treatment for most cancer patients, but surgery induces dysfunction in the immune system and this has been linked to ...

A Mouse Fetal Skin Model of Scarless Wound Repair

Early in utero, but not in postnatal life, cutaneous wounds undergo regeneration and heal without formation of a scar. Scarless fetal wound healing occurs across species but is age dependent. The transition from a scarless to scarring phenotype occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy in humans and around embryonic day 18 (E18) in mice. However, this varies with the size of the wound with larger defects generating a scar at an earlier gestational age. The emergence of lineage tracing and other genetic tools in the mouse has opened promising new avenues for investigation of fetal scarless wound healing. However, given the inherently high rates of morbidity and premature uterine contraction associated with fetal surgery, investigations of fetal scarless wound healing in vivo require a precise and reproducible surgical model. Here we detail a reliable model of fetal scarless wound healing in the dorsum of E16.5 (scarless) and E18.5 (scarring) mouse embryos.

During mammalian development, early gestational skin wounds heal without a scar. Here we detail a reliable and reproducible model of fetal scarless wound healing in the cutaneous dorsum of E16.5 (scarless) and E18.5 (scarring) mouse embryos.

Scarless Yara Repair Fare Fetal Cilt Modeli

Early in utero, but not in postnatal life, cutaneous wounds undergo regeneration and heal without formation of a scar. Scarless fetal wound healing occurs ...

The Mouse Round-window Approach for Ototoxic Agent Delivery: A Rapid and Reliable Technique for Inducing Cochlear Cell Degeneration

Investigators have utilized a wide array of animal models and investigative techniques to study the mammalian auditory system. Much of the basic research involving the cochlea and its associated neural pathways entails exposure of model cochleae to a variety of ototoxic agents. This allows investigators to study the effects of targeted damage to cochlear structures, and in some cases, the self-repair or regeneration of those structures. Various techniques exist for delivery of ototoxic agents to the cochlea. When selecting a particular technique, investigators must consider a number of factors, including the induction of inadvertent systemic toxicity, the amount of cochlear damage produced by the surgical procedure itself, the type of lesion desired, animal survivability, and reproducibility/reliability of results. Currently established techniques include parenteral injection, intra-peritoneal injection, trans-tympanic injection, endolymphatic sac injection, and cochleostomy with perilymphatic perfusion. Each of these methods has been successfully utilized and is well described in the literature; yet, each has various shortcomings. Here, we present a technique for topical application of ototoxic agents directly to the round window niche. This technique is non-invasive to inner ear structures, produces rapid onset of reliably targeted lesions, avoids systemic toxicity, and allows for an intra-animal control (the contra-lateral ear). Results stemming from this approach have helped deeper understanding of auditory pathophysiology, cochlear cell degeneration, and regenerative capacity in response to an acute injury. Future investigations may use this method to conduct interventional studies involving gene therapy and stem cell transplantation to combat hearing loss.

Various methods exist for introducing ototoxic agents to the cochleae of animal models. Presented is a surgical protocol for delivery of ototoxic agents to the round window niche. The procedure is reliable, creates targeted intra-cochlear lesions, and avoids mechanical damage to the microarchitecture. Examination of cochlear self-repair/regeneration is possible.

Koklear Hücre Dejenerasyonu Inducing için hızlı ve Güvenilir Teknik: Ototoksik Ajan Teslimat için Fare Yuvarlak pencere Yaklaşımı

Investigators have utilized a wide array of animal models and investigative techniques to study the mammalian auditory system. Much of the basic research ...

A Novel Murine Model of Arteriovenous Fistula Failure: The Surgical Procedure in Detail

The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) still suffers from a high number of failures caused by insufficient remodeling and intimal hyperplasia from which the exact pathophysiology remains unknown. In order to unravel the pathophysiology a murine model of AVF-failure was developed in which the configuration of the anastomosis resembles the preferred situation in the clinical setting. A model was described in which an AVF is created by connecting the venous end of the branch of the external jugular vein to the side of the common carotid artery using interrupted sutures. At a histological level, we observed progressive stenotic intimal lesions in the venous outflow tract that is also seen in failed human AVFs. Although this procedure can be technically challenging due to the small dimensions of the animal, we were able to achieve a surgical success rate of 97% after sufficient training. The key advantage of a murine model is the availability of transgenic animals. In view of the different proposed mechanisms that are responsible for AVF failure, disabling genes that might play a role in vascular remodeling can help us to unravel the complex pathophysiology of AVF failure.

Here we present a murine model of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure in which a clinically relevant anastomotic configuration is incorporated. This model can be used to study the pathophysiology and to test possible therapeutic interventions.

Arteriovenöz Fistül Yetersizliğinin A Novel Fare Modeli: Detay Cerrahi Prosedür

The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) still suffers from a high number of failures caused by insufficient remodeling and intimal hyperplasia from which the ...

Surgical Angiogenesis in Porcine Tibial Allotransplantation: A New Large Animal Bone Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Model

Segmental bone loss resulting from trauma, infection malignancy and congenital anomaly remains a major reconstructive challenge. Current therapeutic options have significant risk of failure and substantial morbidity.
Use of bone vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) would offer both a close match of resected bone size and shape and the healing and remodeling potential of living bone. At present, life-long drug immunosuppression (IS) is required. Organ toxicity, opportunistic infection and neoplasm risks are of concern to treat such non-lethal indications.
We have previously demonstrated that bone and joint VCA viability may be maintained in rats and rabbits without the need of long-term-immunosuppression by implantation of recipient derived vessels within the VCA. It generates an autogenous, neoangiogenic circulation with measurable flow and active bone remodeling, requiring only 2 weeks of IS. As small animals differ from man substantially in anatomy, bone physiology and immunology, we have developed a porcine bone VCA model to evaluate this technique before clinical application is undertaken. Miniature swine are currently widely used for allotransplantation research, given their immunologic, anatomic, physiologic and size similarities to man. Here, we describe a new porcine orthotopic tibial bone VCA model to test the role of autogenous surgical angiogenesis to maintain VCA viability.
The model reconstructs segmental tibial bone defects using size- and shape-matched allogeneic tibial bone segments, transplanted across a major swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) mismatch in Yucatan miniature swine. Nutrient vessel repair and implantation of recipient derived autogenous vessels into the medullary canal of allogeneic tibial bone segments is performed in combination with simultaneous short-term IS. This permits a neoangiogenic autogenous circulation to develop from the implanted tissue, maintaining flow through the allogeneic nutrient vessels for a short time. Once established, the new autogenous circulation maintains bone viability following cessation of drug therapy and subsequent nutrient vessel thrombosis.

Currently any kind of vascularized composite allotransplantation depends on long-term-immunosuppression, difficult to support for non-life-critical indications. We present a new porcine tibial VCA model that can be used to study bone VCA and demonstrate the use of surgical angiogenesis to maintain bone viability without the need of long-term immune-modulation.

Domuz Tibial Allotransplantation cerrahi angiogenez: bileşik Allotransplantation Model yeni bir büyük hayvan kemik skarların

Segmental bone loss resulting from trauma, infection malignancy and congenital anomaly remains a major reconstructive challenge. Current therapeutic ...

Evaluating the Procedure for Performing Awake Cystometry in a Mouse Model

Awake filling cystometry has been used for a long time to evaluate bladder function in freely moving mice, however, the specific methods used, vary among laboratories. The goal of this study was to describe the microsurgical procedure used to implant an intravesical tube and the experimental technique for recording urinary bladder pressure in an awake, freely moving mouse. In addition, experimental data is presented to show how surgery, as well as tubing type and size, affect lower urinary tract function and recording sensitivity. The effect of tube diameter on pressure recording was assessed in both polyethylene and polyurethane tubing with different internal diameters. Subsequently, the best performing tube from both materials was surgically implanted into the dome of the urinary bladder of male C57BL/6 mice. Twelve-hour, overnight micturition frequency was recorded in healthy, intact animals and animals 2, 3, 5, and 7 days post-surgery. At harvest, bladders were assessed for signs of swelling using gross observation and were subsequently processed for pathological analysis. The greatest extent of bladder swelling was observed on day 2 and 3, which correlated with behavioral voiding data showing significantly impaired bladder function. By day 5, bladder histology and voiding frequency had normalized. Based on the literature and evidence provided by our studies, we propose the following steps for in vivo recording of intravesical pressure and voided volume in an awake mouse: 1) Perform the surgery using an operating microscope and microsurgical tools, 2) Use polyethylene-10 tubing to minimize movement artifacts, and 3) Perform cystometry on post-operative day 5, when bladder swelling resolves.

This study describes the surgical procedures and experimental techniques for performing awake cystometry in a freely moving mouse. In addition, it provides experimental evidence to support its optimization and standardization.

Bir Fare Modelinde Seyrek Sistometri Uygulamasının Değerlendirilmesi

Awake filling cystometry has been used for a long time to evaluate bladder function in freely moving mice, however, the specific methods used, vary among ...

A Surgical Procedure for the Administration of Drugs to the Inner Ear in a Non-Human Primate Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Hearing research has long been facilitated by rodent models, although in some diseases, human symptoms cannot be recapitulated. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a small, easy-to-handle New World monkey which has a similar anatomy of the temporal bone, including the middle ear ossicular chains and inner ear to humans, than in comparison with that of rodents. Here, we report a reproducible, safe, and rational surgical approach to the cochlear round window niche for the drug delivery to the inner ear of the common marmoset. We adopted posterior tympanotomy, a procedure used clinically in human surgery, to avoid manipulation of the tympanic membrane that may cause conductive hearing loss. This surgical procedure did not lead to any significant hearing loss. This approach was possible due to the large bulla structure of the common marmoset, although the lateral semicircular canal and vertical portion of the facial nerve should be carefully considered. This surgical method allows us to perform the safe and accurate administration of drugs without hearing loss, which is of great importance in obtaining pre-clinical proof of concept for translational research.

A Surgical Procedure for the Administration of Drugs to the Inner Ear in a Non-Human Primate Common Marmoset Callithrix jacchus

We report a surgical method to administrate drugs to the inner ear of a non-human primate, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), via the round window membrane.

Bir insan olmayan primatların ortak Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) iç kulak ilaçlara Yönetim için bir cerrahi prosedür

Hearing research has long been facilitated by rodent models, although in some diseases, human symptoms cannot be recapitulated. The common marmoset ...

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model

One of the most prevalent joint disorders in the United States, osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, primarily in the hip and knee joints, which results in significant impacts on patient mobility and quality of life. To date, there are no existing curative therapies for OA able to slow down or inhibit cartilage degeneration. Presently, there is an extensive body of ongoing research to understand OA pathology and discover novel therapeutic approaches or agents that can efficiently slow down, stop, or even reverse OA. Thus, it is crucial to have a quantitative and reproducible approach to accurately evaluate OA-associated pathological changes in the joint cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone. Currently, OA severity and progression are primarily assessed using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) or Mankin scoring systems. In spite of the importance of these scoring systems, they are semiquantitative and can be influenced by user subjectivity. More importantly, they fail to accurately evaluate subtle, yet important, changes in the cartilage during the early disease states or early treatment phases. The protocol we describe here uses a computerized and semiautomated histomorphometric software system to establish a standardized, rigorous, and reproducible quantitative methodology for the evaluation of joint changes in OA. This protocol presents a powerful addition to the existing systems and allows for more efficient detection of pathological changes in the joint.

The current protocol establishes a rigorous and reproducible method for quantification of morphological joint changes that accompany osteoarthritis. Application of this protocol can be valuable in monitoring disease progression and evaluating therapeutic interventions in osteoarthritis.

Cerrahi Fare Modelinde Osteoartritin Standart Histomorfometrik Değerlendirilmesi

One of the most prevalent joint disorders in the United States, osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, ...