This work was supported by the BOF grant for SG from Ghent University. AL is supported by the Rutgers University NSF Fuels-IGERT. SA is supported by the European Union Framework Programme 7 project &#8220;ProEthanol 2G.&#8221; SA and KR are supported by Ghent University Multidisciplinary Research Partnership (MRP)&#8212;Biotechnology for a sustainable economy (01 MRA 510W). JD is supported by an IOF Advanced grant (F2012/IOF-Advanced/094). KR is supported by by the ERC Starter Grant &#8220;Electrotalk&#8221;. The authors thank Tim Lacoere for designing the TOC art figure, Robin Declerck for building the strip and absorption columns and Kun Guo for providing the inoculum source.

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Bu yazının bir bioelectrochemical ve amonyum kurtarma için bir elektrokimyasal hücre kurmak için gerekli araçları sağlar. Sonuçlar bölümünde sunulan hesaplamalar sistem performansının değerlendirilmesi için parametreleri sağlamak. Biyolojik ve elektrokimyasal sistemler kurulum ve fonksiyon benzer. İki sistem arasındaki temel fark bioelectrochemical kurulum için sabit bir anot potansiyeli karşı elektrokimyasal hücre için bir sabit akım seçimdir. abiyotik kurulum için sabit akım elektrot reaksi...

Atıksu önem kazanmaktadır değerli ürünlerin Kurtarma değerli kaynaklar kurtarma olmadan kıt ve tedavi olmak gibi sadece bir maliyet oluşturmaktadır. Atıksu üretimi döngü 1 kapatmak için yardımcı olabilir enerji ve telafi edilebilir besin ve besin kurtarma hem de içeriyor. Besin kurtarma az yaygın iken anaerobik sindirim yoluyla enerji geri kazanımı, köklü bir süreçtir. Idrar ve gübre gibi sıvı atık derelerden besin Kurtarma yaygın strüvit ve amonyak 2,3 doğrudan sıyrılması üretimi yoluyla, örneğin, araştırılmıştır. Ancak, kimyasal ek ihtiyacı bu süreçlerin 4 bir dezavantajı olduğunu. Burada potasyum ve amonyum hem de dahil olmak üzere, atık akımlarının, katyonik besin geri kazanımı için bir yöntem sunulmaktadır. Bu besinlerin katyonik formu bir elektrokimyasal sistemde bir iyon seçici zar kullanılarak kurtarma sağlar. Bu durumda, electrochemicarkadaşları sistemi (oksidasyon gerçekleşir), bir anot odasının oluşur, (redüksiyon gerçekleşir), bir katot odası ve bölmeleri ayırmak için bir iyon seçici membran. Bir voltaj anottan katoda bir akımı üretmeye hücresinde tatbik edilir. Bu gerilim, su oksidasyon ve redüksiyon reaksiyonları sürücü harici bir güç kaynağı ile oluşturulabilir. Alternatif olarak anodik oksidasyonu, örneğin, organik maddelerden daha az güç gerektiren elektro-bakteriler tarafından katalize edilebilir. Yük dengesini devresini kapatmak ve korumak için, bir ücret türler üretilen her elektron için elektrotlar arasında geçirmek gerekir. Bir katyon değişim zarı (CEM) boyunca katot odasında anot odasından Amonyum taşıma, böylece elektron 4,5 akışını telafi edebilir. Burada sunulan teknik değil, sadece atık derelerden amonyum kaldırır, ama aynı zamanda kurtarma sağlar. Toplam amonyak azotu (TAN) hem Ammon denge varamonyum (NH4 +) ve amonyak (NH3) ve pH ve sıcaklık 6 bağlıdır. NH4 + nedeniyle bu nedenle katot bölmesine CEM üzerinden akım tarafından tahrik edilebilir yüksek bir tan konsantrasyonuna ve anot odası içinde nötr pH değerinde ve pozitif yüklü türler yakınında bol miktarda mevcuttur. Mevcut hidroksit iyonları ve hidrojen gazı üretimine yol açan, katodda su azaltma tahrik eder. TAN denge nedeniyle katot odasının (&gt; 10.0) yüksek pH yaklaşık% 100 NH 3 geçer. NH3 kolaylıkla bir asit çözeltisi içinde kalan konsantre edilir emme sütununa sıyırma biriminden hava yoluyla aktarılabilir bir gazdır. Bu teknoloji gübre gibi N-zengin akarsu anaerobik sindirim sırasında amonyum toksisitesini azaltmak için bir potansiyele sahiptir, böylece, bu atık derelerden enerji geri kazanımı artırarak aynı anda isekurtarma besinler 4. Amonyum elektrokimyasal ve bioelectrochemical çıkarma ayrıca idrar ve böylece bir AAT 7 de besin kaldırılması için maliyetleri kaçınarak gibi yüksek TAN içerikli atık akışları üzerindeki besin kurtarma tekniği olarak uygulanabilir. modüler bir reaktör kullanımı burada sunulan protokol, birçok farklı elektrokimyasal ve bioelectrochemical deney için bir temel olarak hizmet edebilir. Aşağıdaki protokol açıklandığı gibi elektrod tipi, membranlar ve çerçeve kalınlıkları farklı birleştirilebilir. protokolünün amacı, bir elektroliz hücresi kullanılarak elektrokimyasal amonyum geri kazanım ve biyo-elektrokimyasal amonyum kurtarma ile karşılaştırılması için bir araç sağlamaktır. sistemleri çıkarma verimliliği, güç girişi ve tekrarlanabilirlik açısından değerlendirilmiştir.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="876">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Carbon Felt 3.18 mm Thick&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">ALFA43199</td>
			<td>Used as bioanode, 110 mm x 110 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Ti electrode coated with Ir MMO&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Magneto Special Anodes (The Netherlands)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;"></td>
			<td>Used as stable anode for electrochemical tests</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="73">
			<td height="73" style="height:74px;width:216px;">Stainless steel mesh</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Solana (Belgium)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">RVS 554/64: material AISI 316L, mesh width: 564 micron, wire thickness: 140 micron, mesh number: 36,6</td>
			<td>Used as cathode, 110 mm x 110 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:216px;">Stainless steel plate</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Solana (Belgium)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">inox 304 sheet, thickness: 0,5mm</td>
			<td>Used as current collector for the bioanode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Bio-Logic (France)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">A-012167 RE-1B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Potentiostat (VSP Multipotentiostat)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Bio-Logic (France)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">EC Lab</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Bio-Logic (France)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;"></td>
			<td>software for performing electrochemistry measurements</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="44">
			<td height="44" style="height:44px;width:216px;">Cation Exchange Membrane</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Membranes International (USA)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">Ultrex CMI-7000</td>
			<td>Pretreated according to the manufacturers&#39; instructions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Turbulence Promotor mesh</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">ElectroCell Europe A/S (Tarm, Denmark)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">EPC20432-PP-2</td>
			<td>spacer material, 110 mm x 110 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Connectors</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Serto</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">1,281,161,120</td>
			<td>Other sizes possible, dependant on tubing type and size of holes in frames</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Strip and absorption column</td>
			<td style="width:192px;"></td>
			<td style="width:301px;"></td>
			<td>In house design</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Tubing</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Masterflex</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">HV-06404-16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Gas bag</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Keika Ventures</td>
			<td style="width:301px;"></td>
			<td>Kynar gas bag with Roberts valve</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Rashig Rings</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Glasatelier Saillart (Belgium)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">Raschig rings 4 x 4 mm</td>
			<td>Put inside the strip and absorption column to improve the air/liquid contact. Available with many suppliers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Rubber sheet</td>
			<td style="width:192px;"></td>
			<td style="width:301px;"></td>
			<td>Cut to fit on the perspex frames</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Perspex reactor frames</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Vlaeminck, Beernem</td>
			<td style="width:301px;"></td>
			<td>In-house design, see tab &#34;reactor frames&#34; in this file</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

electrochemically and bioelectrochemically induced ammonium recovery

Streams such as urine and manure can contain high levels of ammonium, which could be recovered for reuse in agriculture or chemistry. The extraction of ammonium from an ammonium-rich stream is demonstrated using an electrochemical and a bioelectrochemical system. Both systems are controlled by a potentiostat to either fix the current (for the electrochemical cell) or fix the potential of the working electrode (for the bioelectrochemical cell). In the bioelectrochemical cell, electroactive bacteria catalyze the anodic reaction, whereas in the electrochemical cell the potentiostat applies a higher voltage to produce a current. The current and consequent restoration of the charge balance across the cell allow the transport of cations, such as ammonium, across a cation exchange membrane from the anolyte to the catholyte. The high pH of the catholyte leads to formation of ammonia, which can be stripped from the medium and captured in an acid solution, thus enabling the recovery of a valuable nutrient. The flux of ammonium across the membrane is characterized at different anolyte ammonium concentrations and currents for both the abiotic and biotic reactor systems. Both systems are compared based on current and removal efficiencies for ammonium, as well as the energy input required to drive ammonium transfer across the cation exchange membrane. Finally, a comparative analysis considering key aspects such as reliability, electrode cost, and rate is made.
This video article and protocol provide the necessary information to conduct electrochemical and bioelectrochemical ammonia recovery experiments. The reactor setup for the two cases is explained, as well as the reactor operation. We elaborate on data analysis for both reactor types and on the advantages and disadvantages of bioelectrochemical and electrochemical systems.

Kronoamperometri biyoreaktörden sonuçlanır kronoamperometri sonuçları, Denklem 1 &#39;e göre hesaplanan, (Şekil 4), sürekli bir reaktör için tipik bir grafiği göstermektedir. Deneyin başlangıcında, anod ve katod devridaim modunda çalıştırılmıştır. Bu geliştirmek için bir biyofilm ve mevcut üretim başlangıcını sağlar. Operasyon 5 gün sonra, akım yoğunluğu üretiminde bir azalma ve ardından maksimum ulaştı. Bu biofilm akı...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery at JoVE.com

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

We demonstrate the extraction of ammonium from an ammonium-rich stream using an electrochemical and a bioelectrochemical system. The reactor setup, operation and data analysis are discussed.

Elektrokimyasal ve Bioelectrochemically Kaynaklı Amonyum Kurtarma

Streams such as urine and manure can contain high levels of ammonium, which could be recovered for reuse in agriculture or chemistry. The extraction of ...

electrochemically-and-bioelectrochemically-induced-ammonium-recovery

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12.6K Görüntüleme.  Ghent University. We demonstrate the extraction of ammonium from an ammonium-rich stream using an electrochemical and a bioelectrochemical system. The reactor setup, operation and data analysis are discussed. 