This work was supported by the New Professor Research Foundation Program, funded by Gyeongsang National University (Grant Number 2015-04-020).

Bitki Fenol türevli Polimerik Boyaların hazırlanması 1. <ol><li> 100 mM sodyum asetat tampon maddesi (pH 5.0) ve mutlak etanol içinde 8 ml, 32 ml, kateçin hidrat (0.1 g) - katekol (0.1 g) ve (±) içinde çözülür. </li><li> T. 10 mg ekleme catechol- ve kateşin içeren tampon versicolor lakkaz. kuvvetlice karıştırın ve bir kare Petri kabı içine çözüm dökün. 24 saat süre ile bir çalkalama inkübatöründe (25 rpm) içinde oda sıcaklığında bir çanak inkübe edin. koyu siyah şeffaf çözelti dramatik bir renk değişimi lakkaz kaynaklı birleştirme reaksiyonları sonra çıplak gözle görülebilir. </li><li> çözünmeyen polimer parçacıkları aşağı spin için 20,000 x g&#39;de 10 dakika süre ile çözelti santrifüjleyin. Daha fazla tuzsuzlaştırma için koyu siyah süpernatant kullanın. </li><li> 5 kDa ultrafiltrasyon diski ile, reaksiyon çözeltisi desalt. ultrafiltrasyon yoluyla 20 ml reaksiyon hacmini konsantre edilmesinden sonra, damıtılmış su, 300 ml ekleyerek reaksiyon tamponu değiştirmek. Son olarak, filtrasyon kullanılarak, 25 ml çözeltinin hacmi konsantre edilir. </li></ol> Gri Keratin Saç için 2. Boya Çözümleri <ol><li> Aşağıdaki altı polimer çözümler hazırlayın: Polimer boyalar, polimer boya / FeSO 4 polimerik boya / FeSO 4 pH 3 su içinde, bir polimerik boya / FeSO 4 pH 11 su içinde, bir polimerik boya / FeSO, asetik asit ile 4&#39;e ve polimerik boya / FeSO amonyak ile 4. <ol><li> polimerik boya için, tuzu alınmış polimerik boya (1.4) 1 ml distile su 5 ml karıştırın. </li><li> Sabitleştirici çözeltiler, adım 2.1.1 karışıma FeSO 4 0.33 g ekleyin. Şiddetle girdap tamamen FeSO 4 çözmek için. </li><li> pH değeri 3 ya da 11 su çözeltisi için, 1 N HCI veya 1 N NaOH kullanılarak 5 mi damıtık su pH ayarlanır. Daha sonra tuzu alınmış polimerik boya (1.4) ve FeSO 4 0.33 g 1 ml. </li><li> asetik asit ya amonyak ile muamele edilmiş bir çözüm için, gl 1.0 ml karıştırmakacial asetik asit veya damıtılmış su içinde 5 ml amonyak su 1.0 mi. Daha sonra tuzu alınmış polimerik boya (1.4) ve FeSO 4 0.33 g 1 ml. </li></ol></li><li> Saç emmek için, ya da FeSO 4 0.33 g olmayan damıtılmış su 6 ml, kateçin hidrat (0.1 g) - Bitki monomerler için, katekol (0.1 g) ve (±) karıştırılır. </li><li> En kısa sürede adım 2.1 ve 2.2 den boyama çözümleri hazırlanır gibi, tamamen çözümler 5 cm uzunluğunda gri insan saçı örgülerini (0.2 gr) ıslatmak. 2.5 saat için bir sallanan kuluçka makinesi (160 rpm) 32 ° C &#39;de saçlar inkübe edin. </li><li> Daha sonra, saç örgülerini çıkarıp akan su ile durulayın. nemi çıkarmak için bir elektronik saç kurutucusunu kullanın. Polimerik boya neden olduğu renk değişikliği, çıplak gözle görülebilir. <ol><li> Renk parametrelerini elde etmek için (yani, L *, a *, b *), üreticinin protokolüne uygun olarak, geleneksel bir renk ölçer kullanır. saç t çökmekböylece onları kolorimetrede lens ile ölçülebilir sağlayan bir top haline resses. kolorimetre lens ile saç farklı bir bölgeye bu işlemi tekrarlayın. </li><li> Her boyalı ağaçları yedi kez renk parametrelerini ölçün. ortalamalar ve parametrelerin standart sapma hesaplayın. Aşağıdaki formül kullanılarak AE hesaplayın: [(100 + - L *) 2+ (a *) 2 + (b *) 2] 1/2. </li></ol></li></ol> 3. Renk Dayanıklılık Testleri <ol><li> damıtılmış su, 40 ml sodyum dodesil sülfat (SDS), 200 mg eritin. Oda sıcaklığında 5 dakika için SDS-ihtiva eden su içinde tamamen boyanmış saç bekletin. saç örgülerini dışarı atın ve sonra deterjan kaldırmak için yeterli akan su ile durulayın. nemi çıkarmak için bir elektronik saç kurutucusunu kullanın. </li><li> Renk parametrelerini elde etmek için (yani, L *, a *, b *), üretici uygun bir geleneksel renkölçer istihdamer adlı protokolü. Aynı saçları boyalı bir kez daha adım 3.1 tarif nemlendirici tekrarlayın ve sonra tekrar parametreleri ölçmek. </li><li> damıtılmış su, 40 ml SDS 800 mg eritin. Adım 3.1&#39;de tarif edildiği gibi, daha fazla aynı boyalı saç ile iki kez nemlendirici tekrarlayın. Genel olarak, SDS çözeltisi ile dört kez toplam her boyalı saç tress davranın. </li></ol>

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

İlginç bir şekilde, bizim yöntem doğal fenolik oksidan kaynaklı polimerizasyonlar ile keratin saç boyası aldı süreyi azalttı. Aynı zamanda pH değerini değiştirerek ve mordan uygulamak gibi polimerik boyaların basit manipülasyonlar yoluyla saç çeşitli renkleri kaynaklı. Bitki fenoller lakkaz katalizli oksidasyon ile keratin saç yerinde inkübasyon etkili boyama 7 ulaşmak için aşırı uzun inkübasyon süreleri gerektirmektedir. Bu gibi yav...

Lakkazlar fenolik ve polifenolik bileşikler karşı aktif olan oksidazlar bulunmaktadır. Bu bitkiler, mantar, böcek, ve bakteriler dahil olmak üzere çeşitli canlı organizmalar, tespit edilmiştir. Onların enzimatik eylemler çeşitli morfogenetik fenomenlerin 1 katkıda bulunur. Enzimler, bundan başka, küçük organik ve katı yüzeylere bağlanmış olan köklerin oluşumu ile sonuçlanır, alt-tabakaların tek elektronla oksidasyon katalize eder. Bu gibi birleştirme işlemleri, oligomerler ve polimerlerin sentezine yol açar ve lakkaz alt-tabakalar, bitki fenolik gibi doğal kaynaklardan olduğunda 3., Enzimatik reaksiyonlar, yeşil kimya ile ilgili olarak büyük bir ilgi functionalizations 2, yüzey. Burada, her iki reaksiyona giren maddeler ve katalizörler, doğal kaynaklardan olan. Buna ek olarak, sonuçta elde edilen ürünlerin genel reaksiyonlar doğal fenolik in vivo sentezini taklit bitkiye lignin, poli (flavono polimerler dahil olmak üzere, doğal ürünler benzerID) ve humus olup, burada küçük bir bitki fenolik bileşikleri, çapraz bağlı oksidaz kaynaklı kökü bağlantı 4 cinsindendir. Bitkisel kaynaklı fenollerin lakkaz ile katalize bağlanma tepkimeleri elde edilen ürünler in situ inkübasyon gri saç ile boyamak için kullanılabilir ve alternatif ticari olarak temin edilebilen boya 1 ile geliştirilebilir. Ticari saç boyama maddeleri s -fenilendiamin (PPD) dayanır, bu gibi alternatiflerin, önemli PPD ile ilgili diamin bileşikleri ve hidrojen, toksik, kanserojen olduğu gösterilmiştir peroksit, ve insanlarda 5, 6 alerjik. Gelen lakkaz katalizli birleştirme reaksiyonları, lakkazlar ve bitki fenoller işlevsel ise, hidrojen peroksit ve p -fenilendiamin, 7 değiştirin. Ancak, lakkaz-tabanlı sistemlerin boyama hızı ticari birinin çok daha yavaştır. Genel olarak, PPD-bazlı boya maddeleri elde etmek için daha az bir saat sürerkeratin saç etkili renk değişikliği, lakkaz tabanlı reaksiyonlar bir gecede inkübasyon 7 gerektirmektedir. Yavaş boyama kinetiği iki olası olayların açıklanabilir. İlk olarak, düşük bir pH tamponu kullanımı (örneğin, pH 5) lakkaz aktivitesi en üst düzeye çıkarmak ve böylece matrislere boyaların derin nüfuz inhibe keratin matrisler şişme derecesini azaltmak için gözlenmiştir. Gerçekten de, yüksek pH koşullarında ilerlemesine boyama reaksiyonları sağlayan maddeler, ticari saç boyama ürünlerinin 8 entegre olduğu gösterilmiştir. İkinci olarak, polimerizasyon tepkimesi sırasında keratin yüzeylere güçlü adsorpsiyon gösteren mümkün olan kromofor moleküllerinin sayısıdır inkübasyon süresi (polimerizasyon, yani genişliği) ile orantılı olduğu gösterilmiştir. Örneğin, polydopamine dopamin transformasyonu siyah bir renk 9 oluşumu meydana geliyordu birçok yüzeye güçlü bir şekilde yapışır indüklediği gösterildi. &lt;/ P&gt; Mevcut çalışmada, T. elde edilen polimer ürün, önceden sentezlenmiş kateçin ve katekol lakkaz ile katalize edilen oksidasyon versikolor boyama için keratin saç tedavi etmek için kullanılmıştır. Biz polimerlerin adsorpsiyon yeteneği monomerik bitki fenoller çok daha güçlü olacağını ve başlangıçta düşük molekül ağırlıklı oligomerler oluşturacak olacağı varsayımında. Sonuçlar önceden sentezlenmiş polimerler kullanarak, enzimatik oksidasyon gücü artık gerekli olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu pH kontrol edilebilir ve bu, metal iyonları bağımsız olarak enzim aktivitesinin, saç boyama tedavilerde kullanılabilir olduğunu gösterir. Bu protokol çevre dostu ve yenilenebilir bitkisel kaynaklı fenolikler (Şekil 1) kullanırken rengin çeşitli tonlarında keratin saç boyası için basit ve hızlı bir yöntem sağlar.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="802">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:32px;width:208px;">Sodium dodecyl Sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Promega</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">H5114</td>
			<td style="width:181px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:208px;">Laccase from Trametes versicolor</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">38429-1G</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Enzyme activity is denoted as 0.53 U/mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:208px;">(+)-catechin hydrate</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">C1251-5G</td>
			<td style="width:181px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:208px;">1,2-dihydroxybenzene (catechol)</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">135011-5G</td>
			<td style="width:181px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:208px;">Ammonia water&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Duksan</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">701</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Ammonia contents is denoted as 25 ~ 30%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:208px;">Acetic acid, glacial</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Duksan</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">448</td>
			<td style="width:181px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:208px;">Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">JUNSEI</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">83380-1250</td>
			<td style="width:181px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:208px;">Ultracell 5kDa</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Amicon</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">PLCC06210</td>
			<td style="width:181px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:208px;">Stirred ultrafiltration cells</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Model 8200</td>
			<td style="width:181px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:208px;">Human gray hair</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">PheonixKorea</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Not available</td>
			<td style="width:181px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:208px;">Colorimeter</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">SPEC</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">JCS-10</td>
			<td style="width:181px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:208px;">Square dish</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">SPL</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">10125</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">125 * 125 * 20 (mm)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis of plant phenol-derived polymeric dyes for direct or mordant-based hair dyeing

Bitki fenollerin mantar lakkazı katalize polimerizasyon ürünleri ile keratin saç in situ inkübasyon yoluyla etkili bir saç boyama daha önce ortaya konmuştur. Ancak, boyama işlemi ticari saç boyama ürünlerle karşılaştırıldığında tamamlanması uzun sürüyor. Bu darboğaz aşmak için, ya da mordan ajanların (örneğin, FeSO 4) burada, çeşitli renk ve tonlarında kalıcı keratin saç boyama işlemi gerçekleştirmek için kullanıldı olmayan ya kateçin ve katekol ilgili lakkaz versikolor Trametes oksidatif reaksiyon polimerik ürünler, ön sentezlenmiş . asidik sodyum asetat tampon maddesi içinde lakkaz işlemi bitki fenoller arasındaki birleştirme reaksiyonlarıdır sonra koyu siyah renklenmeye yol açtı. renkli boya ürünleri daha sonra tuzu giderilir ve ultra-süzme ile konsantre edilmiştir. Ya da mordan ajanlar olmadan boyalar, gri insan saçı wi AE değerleri (yani, renk farkı değeri) önemli bir artışa nedenince 2,5 saat. Buna ek olarak, farklı keratin renk ve tonları mordanlama ve pH değişiklikleri bağlı olarak uyarılmıştır. Boyalı saçlar de bizim yöntemler kalıcı saç boyama ortaya çıkmasına neden olabilir belirten deterjan tedavilere güçlü bir direnç sergiledi. Genel olarak, bizim iş ticari toksik diamin bazlı boyalara alternatif olarak çevre dostu saç boyama yöntemleri geliştirmek içine yeni fikir sağlamıştır .

İlk olarak, bir polimerik boya boyama kabiliyeti bitkisel kaynaklı monomer (örneğin, kateçin ve katekol) ye karşılaştırılmıştır. Saç doğal gri renk (veriler gösterilmemiştir) bitki monomerler ile çok kararlı kalırken polimerik boyalar, gri keratin saç (Şekil 2A ve Şekil 3) renginde önemli bir değişiklik kaynaklı. polimerik ürünleri boyama yeteneklerine ajanları mordanlama etkileri değerlendirilmiş...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Plant Phenol-derived Polymeric Dyes for Direct or Mordant-based Hair Dyeing at JoVE.com

Synthesis of Plant Phenol-derived Polymeric Dyes for Direct or Mordant-based Hair Dyeing

Here, we present a protocol to use pre-synthesized polymeric products derived from fungal laccase-catalyzed polymerization of plant phenols, either with or without mordant agents (e.g., FeSO4), to induce detergent-resistant keratin hair dyeing within 2.5 hours.

Doğrudan ya da Mordan tabanlı Saç Boyama için Bitki Fenol türevli Polimerik Boyaların Sentezi

Effective hair dyeing through in situ incubation of keratin hair with the products of fungal laccase-catalyzed polymerization of plant phenols has been ...

synthesis-plant-phenol-derived-polymeric-dyes-for-direct-or-mordant

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

9.2K Görüntüleme.  Gyeongsang National University. Here, we present a protocol to use pre-synthesized polymeric products derived from fungal laccase-catalyzed polymerization of plant phenols, either with or without mordant agents (e.g., FeSO4), to induce detergent-resistant keratin hair dyeing within 2.5 hours.

Video: Synthesis of Plant Phenol-derived Polymeric Dyes for Direct or Mordant-based Hair Dyeing

Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes

Functionalized naphthalenes have applications in a variety of research fields ranging from the synthesis of natural or biologically active molecules to the preparation of new organic dyes. Although numerous strategies have been reported to access naphthalene scaffolds, many procedures still present limitations in terms of incorporating functionality, which in turn narrows the range of available substrates. The development of versatile methods for direct access to substituted naphthalenes is therefore highly desirable.
The Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition reaction is a powerful and attractive method for the formation of saturated and unsaturated ring systems from readily available starting materials. A new microwave-assisted intramolecular dehydrogenative DA reaction of styrenyl derivatives described herein generates a variety of functionalized cyclopenta[b]naphthalenes that could not be prepared using existing synthetic methods. When compared to conventional heating, microwave irradiation accelerates reaction rates, enhances yields, and limits the formation of undesired byproducts.
The utility of this protocol is further demonstrated by the conversion of a DA cycloadduct into a novel solvatochromic fluorescent dye via a Buchwald-Hartwig palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. Fluorescence spectroscopy, as an informative and sensitive analytical technique, plays a key role in research fields including environmental science, medicine, pharmacology, and cellular biology. Access to a variety of new organic fluorophores provided by the microwave-assisted dehydrogenative DA reaction allows for further advancement in these fields.

Microwave-assisted intramolecular dehydrogenative Diels-Alder (DA) reactions provide concise access to functionalized cyclopenta[b]naphthalene building blocks. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated by one-step conversion of the dehydrogenative DA cycloadducts into novel solvatochromic fluorescent dyes via Buchwald-Hartwig palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.

Fonksiyonlu naftalenlerin / Solvatochromic Boyaların Sentez için Mikrodalga-destekli Moleküliçi Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reaksiyonları

Functionalized naphthalenes have applications in a variety of research fields ranging from the synthesis of natural or biologically active molecules to ...

Kimya

Synthesis of Indoxyl-glycosides for Detection of Glycosidase Activities

Indoxyl glycosides proved to be valuable and versatile tools for monitoring glycosidase activities. Indoxyls are released by enzymatic hydrolysis and are rapidly oxidized, for example by atmospheric oxygen, to indigo type dyes. This reaction enables fast and easy screening in vivo without isolation or purification of enzymes, as well as rapid tests on agar plates or in solution (e.g., blue-white screening, micro-wells) and is used in biochemistry, histochemistry, bacteriology and molecular biology. Unfortunately the synthesis of such substrates proved to be difficult, due to various side reactions and the low reactivity of the indoxyl hydroxyl function. Especially for glucose type structures low yields were observed. Our novel approach employs indoxylic acid ester as key intermediates. Indoxylic acid esters with varied substitution patterns were prepared on scalable pathways. Phase transfer glycosylations with those acceptors and peracetylated glycosyl halides can be performed under common conditions in high yields. Ester cleavage and subsequent mild silver mediated glycosylation yields the peracetylated indoxyl glycosides in high yields. Finally deprotection is performed according to Zempl&#233;n.

Indoxyl glycosides are well-established and widely used tools for enzyme screening and enzyme activity monitoring. Especially for glucose type structures previous syntheses proved to be challenging and low yielding. Our novel approach employs indoxylic acid esters as precious intermediates to yield a considerable number of indoxyl glycosides in good yields.

Glikosidaz Faaliyetlerinin Belirlenmesi için indoksil-glikozitler sentezi

Indoxyl glycosides proved to be valuable and versatile tools for monitoring glycosidase activities. Indoxyls are released by enzymatic hydrolysis and are ...

A Direct, Early Stage Guanidinylation Protocol for the Synthesis of Complex Aminoguanidine-containing Natural Products

The guanidine functional group, displayed most prominently in the amino acid arginine, one of the fundamental building blocks of life, is an important structural element found in many complex natural products and pharmaceuticals. Owing to the continual discovery of new guanidine-containing natural products and designed small molecules, rapid and efficient guanidinylation methods are of keen interest to synthetic and medicinal organic chemists. Because the nucleophilicity and basicity of guanidines can affect subsequent chemical transformations, traditional, indirect guanidinylation is typically pursued. Indirect methods commonly employ multiple protection steps involving a latent amine precursor, such as an azide, phthalimide, or carbamate. By circumventing these circuitous methods and employing a direct guanidinylation reaction early in the synthetic sequence, it was possible to forge the linear terminal guanidine containing backbone of clavatadine A to realize a short and streamlined synthesis of this potent factor XIa inhibitor. In practice, guanidine hydrochloride is elaborated with a carefully constructed protecting array that is optimized to survive the synthetic steps to come. In the preparation of clavatadine A, direct guanidinylation of a commercially available diamine eliminated two unnecessary steps from its synthesis. Coupled with the wide variety of known guanidine protecting groups, direct guanidinylation evinces a succinct and efficient practicality inherent to methods that find a home in a synthetic chemist&#39;s toolbox.

Here, we present a protocol for direct, early stage guanidinylation that enables rapid total synthesis of aminoguanidine-containing small organic molecules. An advanced synthetic intermediate used in the synthesis of a blood coagulation factor XIa inhibitor was prepared using this protocol.

Karmaşık Aminoguanidine içeren Doğal Ürünler Sentezi için bir Direct, Erken Evre Guanidinylation Protokolü

The guanidine functional group, displayed most prominently in the amino acid arginine, one of the fundamental building blocks of life, is an important ...

Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the synthetic methods for the preparation of gold nanorods are still not fully optimized. In this paper we describe a new, highly efficient, two-step protocol based on the use of hydroquinone as a mild reducing agent. Our approach allows the preparation of nanorods with a good control of size and aspect ratio (AR) simply by varying the amount of hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and silver ions (Ag+) present in the "growth solution". By using this method, it is possible to markedly reduce the amount of CTAB, an expensive and cytotoxic reagent, necessary to obtain the elongated shape. Gold nanorods with an aspect ratio of about 3 can be obtained in the presence of just 50 mM of CTAB (versus 100 mM used in the standard protocol based on the use of ascorbic acid), while shorter gold nanorods are obtained using a concentration as low as 10 mM.

This paper describes a protocol for the synthesis of gold nanorods, based on the use of hydroquinone as reducing agent, plus the different mechanisms for controlling their size and aspect ratio.

Altın nanorods hidrokinon Esaslı Sentezi

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the ...

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of cyclic polymers and a protocol for characterizing their diffusive motion in a melt state at the single molecule level. An electrostatic self-assembly and covalent fixation (ESA-CF) process is used for the synthesis of the cyclic poly(tetrahydrofuran) (poly(THF)). The diffusive motion of individual cyclic polymer chains in a melt state is visualized using single molecule fluorescence imaging by incorporating a fluorophore unit in the cyclic chains. The diffusive motion of the chains is quantitatively characterized by means of a combination of mean-squared displacement (MSD) analysis and a cumulative distribution function (CDF) analysis. The cyclic polymer exhibits multiple-mode diffusion which is distinct from its linear counterpart. The results demonstrate that the diffusional heterogeneity of polymers that is often hidden behind ensemble averaging can be revealed by the efficient synthesis of the cyclic polymers using the ESA-CF process and the quantitative analysis of the diffusive motion at the single molecule level using the MSD and CDF analyses.

A protocol for the synthesis and characterization of diffusive motion of cyclic polymers at the single molecule level is presented.

Tek Molekül Düzeyde Halkalı Polimerlerin Sentezi ve eritin Devlet Onların Pasif Hareket Karakterizasyonu

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of cyclic polymers and a protocol for characterizing their diffusive motion in a melt state at the single ...

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

The phases of &#34;PbCh2&#34; (Ch = Se, Te) are obtained from solid-state syntheses (i.e., by the fusion of the elements under inert conditions in silica glass ampules). Reduction of such phases by elemental alkaline metals in amines affords crystalline chalcogenidoplumbate(II) salts comprised of [PbTe3]2- or [Pb2Ch3]2- anions, depending upon which sequestering agent for the cations is present: crown ethers, like 18-crown-6, or cryptands, like [2.2.2]crypt. Reactions of solutions of such anions with transition-metal compounds yield (poly-)chalcogenide anions or transition-metal chalcogenide clusters, including one with a &#181;-PbSe ligand (i.e., the heaviest-known CO homolog).
In contrast, the solid-state synthesis of a phase of the nominal composition &#34;K2PbSe2&#34; by successive reactions of the elements and by the subsequent solvothermal treatment in amines yields the first non-oxide/halide inorganic lead(IV) compound: a salt of the ortho-selenidoplumbate(IV) anion [PbSe4]4-. This was unexpected due to the redox potentials of Pb(IV) and Se(-II). Such methods can further be applied to other elemental combinations, leading to the formation of solutions with binary [HgTe2]2- or [BiSe3]3- anions, or to large-scale syntheses of K2Hg2Se3 or K3BiSe3 via the solid-state route.
All compounds are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis; solutions of plumbate salts can be investigated by 205Pb and 77Se or 127Te NMR techniques. Quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory methods enable energy comparisons. They further allow for insights into the electronic configuration and thus, the bonding situation. Molecular Rh-containing Chevrel-type compounds were found to exhibit delocalized mixed valence, whereas similar telluridopalladate anions are electron-precise; the cluster with the &#181;-PbSe ligand is energetically favored over a hypothetical CO analog, in line with the unsuccessful attempt at its synthesis. The stability of formal Pb(IV) within the [PbSe4]4- anion is mainly due to a suitable stabilization within the crystal lattice.

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

The synthesis of chalcogenidoplumbates(II,IV) via the in situ reduction of nominal "PbCh2" (Ch = Chalcogen) and via a solid-state reaction and subsequent solvothermal reactions is presented. Additionally, reactivities of plumbate(II) solutions are portrayed, which yield the heaviest-known CO homolog known to date: the &#181;-PbSe ligand.

Katı-devlet ve Çözüm tabanlı Teknikleri birleştiren: Sentez ve Chalcogenidoplumbates ve Reaktifite (II veya IV)

The phases of &#34;PbCh2&#34; (Ch = Se, Te) are obtained from solid-state syntheses (i.e., by the fusion of the elements under inert conditions in silica ...

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

We present a method for visualizing laser-induced, ultrafast molecular rotational wave packet dynamics. We have developed a new 2-dimensional Coulomb explosion imaging setup in which a hitherto-impractical camera angle is realized. In our imaging technique, diatomic molecules are irradiated with a circularly polarized strong laser pulse. The ejected atomic ions are accelerated perpendicularly to the laser propagation. The ions lying in the laser polarization plane are selected through the use of a mechanical slit and imaged with a high-throughput, 2-dimensional detector installed parallel to the polarization plane. Because a circularly polarized (isotropic) Coulomb exploding pulse is used, the observed angular distribution of the ejected ions directly corresponds to the squared rotational wave function at the time of the pulse irradiation. To create a real-time movie of molecular rotation, the present imaging technique is combined with a femtosecond pump-probe optical setup in which the pump pulses create unidirectionally rotating molecular ensembles. Due to the high image throughput of our detection system, the pump-probe experimental condition can be easily optimized by monitoring a real-time snapshot. As a result, the quality of the observed movie is sufficiently high for visualizing the detailed wave nature of motion. We also note that the present technique can be implemented in existing standard ion imaging setups, offering a new camera angle or viewpoint for the molecular systems without the need for extensive modification.

We present a protocol for creating a real-time movie of a molecular rotational wave packet using a high-resolution Coulomb explosion imaging setup.

Lazer güdümlü Ultrafast Moleküler Rotasyon Doğrudan Görüntüleme

We present a method for visualizing laser-induced, ultrafast molecular rotational wave packet dynamics. We have developed a new 2-dimensional Coulomb ...

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous covalent materials which are frequently synthesized as unprocessable crystalline powders. The first COF was reported in 2005 with much effort centered on the establishment of new synthetic routes for its preparation. To date, most available synthetic methods for COF synthesis are based on bulk mixing under solvothermal conditions. Therefore, there is increasing interest in developing systematic protocols for COF synthesis that provide for fine control over reaction conditions and improve COF processability on surfaces, which is essential for their use in practical applications. Herein, we present a novel microfluidic-based method for COF synthesis where the reaction between two constituent building blocks, 1,3,5-benzenetricarbaldehyde (BTCA) and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB), takes place under controlled diffusion conditions and at room temperature. Using such an approach yields sponge-like, crystalline fibers of a COF material, hereafter called MF-COF. The mechanical properties of MF-COF and the dynamic nature of the approach allow the continuous production of MF-COF fibers and their direct printing onto surfaces. The general method opens new potential applications requiring advanced printing of 2D or 3D COF structures on flexible or rigid surfaces.

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

We present a novel microfluidic-based method for synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). We demonstrate how this approach can be used to produce continuous COF fibers, and also 2D or 3D COF structures on surfaces.

Kovalent Organik Çerçevelerin Mikroakışkan Temelli Sentezi (COF&#39;ler): Bir Yüzey Üzerinde COF Liflerinin Sürekli Üretimi ve Doğrudan Baskı için Bir Aracı

Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous covalent materials which are frequently synthesized as unprocessable crystalline powders. The ...

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Barium titanate (BaTiO3, hereafter BT) is an established ferroelectric material first discovered in the 1940s and still widely used because of its well-balanced ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and dielectric constant. In addition, BT does not contain any toxic elements. Therefore, it is considered to be an eco-friendly material, which has attracted considerable interest as a replacement for lead zirconate titanate (PZT). However, bulk BT loses its ferroelectricity at approximately 130 &#176;C, thus, it cannot be used at high temperatures. Because of the growing demand for high-temperature ferroelectric materials, it is important to enhance the thermal stability of ferroelectricity in BT. In previous studies, strain originating from the lattice mismatch at hetero-interfaces has been used. However, the sample preparation in this approach requires complicated and expensive physical processes, which are undesirable for practical applications.
In this study, we propose a chemical synthesis of a porous material as an alternative means of introducing strain. We synthesized a porous BT thin film using a surfactant-assisted sol-gel method, in which self-assembled amphipathic surfactant micelles were used as an organic template. Through a series of studies, we clarified that the introduction of pores had a similar effect on distorting the BT crystal lattice, to that of a hetero-interface, leading to the enhancement and stabilization of ferroelectricity. Owing to its simplicity and cost effectiveness, this fabrication process has considerable advantages over conventional methods.

Here, we present a protocol for the synthesis of porous barium titanate (BaTiO3) thin film by a surfactant-assisted sol-gel method, in which self-assembled amphipathic surfactant micelles are used as an organic template.

Kimyasal sentez gözenekli baryum Titanate ince Film ve Ferroelectric faz porozite indüklenen gerilim tarafından termal stabilizasyon

Barium titanate (BaTiO3, hereafter BT) is an established ferroelectric material first discovered in the 1940s and still widely used because of its ...

Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism

Advancing synthetic capabilities is important for the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanowires has always been a challenge, as it requires asymmetric growth of symmetric crystals. Here, we report a distinctive synthesis of substrate-bound Au nanowires. This template-free synthesis employs thiolated ligands and substrate adsorption to achieve the continuous asymmetric deposition of Au in solution at ambient conditions. The thiolated ligand prevented the Au deposition on the exposed surface of the seeds, so the Au deposition only occurs at the interface between the Au seeds and the substrate. The side of the newly deposited Au nanowires is immediately covered with the thiolated ligand, while the bottom facing the substrate remains ligand-free and active for the next round of Au deposition. We further demonstrate that this Au nanowire growth can be induced on various substrates, and different thiolated ligands can be used to regulate the surface chemistry of the nanowires. The diameter of the nanowires can also be controlled with mixed ligands, in which another &#34;bad&#34; ligand could turn on the lateral growth. With the understanding of the mechanism, Au nanowire-based nanostructures can be designed and synthesized.

We report a solution-based method to synthesize substrate-bound Au nanowires. By tuning the molecular ligands used during the synthesis, the Au nanowires can be grown from various substrates with different surface properties. Au nanowire-based nanostructures can also be synthesized by adjusting the reaction parameters.

Doğrudan ya da Mordan tabanlı Saç Boyama için Bitki Fenol türevli Polimerik Boyaların Sentezi

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