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Bu protokol Seul Ulusal Üniversitesi Bundang Hastanesi Kurumsal Hayvan Bakımı ve Kullanım Komitesi tarafından onaylandı. Hayvan bakımı ve deneyleri, Birleşik Devletler Laboratuar Hayvanlarının Bakımı ve Kullanımı için Ulusal Sağlık Rehberine göre yürütülmüştür. 1. Cerrahi Hazırlık <ol><li> Ameliyat öncesi açıklığın sağlanması için kateteri steril tuzlu su ile yıkayın. </li><li> Ameliyat masasına bir ısıtma battaniyesi koyun ve masayı steril bir örtüyle örtün. </li><li> Erkek Sprague-Dawley sıçanını (270-330 g)% 3.0 oksijen içerisinde% 3.0 -% 4.0 izofluran içeren bir akrilik kutuya yerleştirin. </li><li> Sıçanın gözlerine yağ uygulayın. </li><li> Fareyi sırtüstü pozisyonda ameliyathaneye yerleştirin ve inhale izofluran sürekli olarak uygulandığında yüz maskesi kullanarak anestezi uygulayın (% 1.0 -2.5 hacim%). </li><li> Vücut sıcaklığını 37.0-38.0 ° C arasında izlemek ve muhafaza etmek için bir rektal prob yerleştirin. </li&gt; </ol> 2. Femoral Arter Kateterizasyonu <ol><li> Betadine ve% 70 etanol kullanarak sağdaki inguinal alanı yavaşça ovun. </li><li> Sağ inguinal bölgede makas kullanarak 2 cm&#39;lik yatay cilt insizyonu yapın. </li><li> Retraktör kullanarak cerrahi alanı ortaya çıkarın. </li><li> Çevreleyen damardan ve sinirden femoral arteri ayırın. Kavisli forseps ve köreltilmiş forseps kullanarak arterin 1 cm&#39;lik bölümünü ayırın. </li><li> 4.0 siyah ipek dikiş kullanarak, pozlamayı en üst düzeye çıkarmak için arterin hem proksimal hem de distal uçlarına gevşek bir kravat yerleştirin. </li><li> Mikro makas kullanarak femoral arter üzerinde bir kesi yapın. </li><li> 2-Fr ekleyin. Mikro-forseps kullanarak femoral artere balon uçlu kateter yerleştirildi. Kateterin, proksimal ligatür ile kateter başından yaklaşık 1 cm&#39;lik bir kapta sabitlenmesi ve sonra da distal ligatöre bağlanması. </li></ol> 3. Karotid Arter Kateterizasyonu <ol><li> Betad kullanarak sağ ön boynunu ovunIne ve% 70 etanol ile yıkayın ve daha sonra bir cilt insizyonu yapın. </li><li> Retraktör kullanarak cerrahi alanı ortaya çıkarın. Arterin 1 cm&#39;lik bölümünü ayırın ve pozlamayı en üst düzeye çıkarmak için arterin hem proksimal hem de distal uçlarında bir ipek dikiş kullanarak gevşekçe bağlayın. </li><li> Karotid arteri 24 G intravenöz kateteri kullanarak delinir ve kateterin proksimal 1 cm&#39;ini kalbe doğru ilerletir. </li><li> Kateteri proksimal ligat ile sabitleyin ve sonra distal ligatöre bağlayın. </li><li> 3 yönlü bir tıkaç kullanarak, kateterin distal ucunu salin dolu mikro boruya ve dış rezervuara bağlayın. </li></ol> 4. Tail Artery Kateterizasyonu <ol><li> Betadin ve% 70 etanol kullanarak kuyruğun ventral bölgesini ovun ve 2 cm&#39;lik bir cilt insizyonu yapın. </li><li> Kuyruk damarını çevredeki yapılardan ayırın ve kemerli forseps ve köreltilmiş forseps kullanarak arterin 1 cm&#39;lik bölümünü ayırın. </li><li> 4.0 siyah ipek dikiş kullanarak, gevşek bir yerPozlamayı en üst düzeye çıkarmak için arterin hem proksimal hem de distal uçlarında bağlayın. </li><li> Kuyruk damarını 24 G intravenöz kateteri kullanarak delin ve kateteri artere ilerletin. </li><li> Kateterin proksimal ligatür ile damara sabitleştirilmesi (kateter kafasından yaklaşık 1 cm) ve distal ligatöre bağlanması. </li><li> Kateterin distal parçasını arteryal basınç izleme cihazına bağlayın. </li></ol> 5. Spinal Kord İskemisinin İndüksiyonu <ol><li> Kateterizasyon tamamlandıktan sonra, 2 Fr. Balon uçlu kateteri inen torakal aorta sokarak kateter ucunun sol subklavian artere ulaşmasını sağlayın. </li><li> Yerleştirme yerinden 10 cm derinliğe yerleştirin. </li><li> Karotid kateter içine 150 ünite heparin 100 ünite / mL konsantrasyonda enjekte edin. </li><li> Kateter balonunu 0.05 mL tuzlu su ile şişirin. </li><li> Eşzamanlı olarak, kandan dış kan konteynırına kanı boşaltınProksimal arter basıncını 80 mmHg&#39;ye ayarlamak için arotid arter. </li><li> Arteryal basınç izleme sistemini 3 yönlü durdurma musluğunun kalan lümenine bağlayın ve arteryal basıncı izleyerek kan drenajının miktarını kontrol edin. </li><li> Aortik oklüzyonun başarısını, distal arter basıncının ani bir düşüşü ve sürekli kaybıyla onaylayın. </li><li> 9, 10 veya 11 dakika aortik oklüzyonu takiben, Fogarty kateter balonunu deflate edin ve boşaltılan kanını tekrar inhinleyin. </li></ol> 6. Cerrahi sonrası bakım ve nörolojik değerlendirme <ol><li> Arteryel basıncı kuyruk arteri aracılığıyla izlerken kateterleri femoral ve karotid arterden çıkarın ve ipleri ipek dikişlerle kapatın. </li><li> Arteryal basıncın normal aralığa geldiğini teyit ettikten sonra kateter kuyruk arterinden alınır ve yarayı kapatın. </li><li> Anesteziden kurtulduktan sonra sıçanı kafese geri getirin. </li><li> Merak et merhabaMotor eksiklik indeksi kullanılarak ameliyattan 24 saat sonra ekstremite motor fonksiyonu ( Tablo 1 ). Motor açık indeksi ambulasyon skoru ile yerleştirme / basamak refleks skoru toplamı olarak tanımlanır. Motor eksikliği endeksi 6, maksimum açığı belirtir. </li></ol> 7. Histopatolojik Değerlendirme <ol><li> Nörolojik değerlendirme yapıldıktan sonra, sıçanları maske ile beslenen isofluran ile anestezi altına alınız, bunları anesteziden 100 mL heparinize salin ile transkardiyal perfüzyon ile kurutunuz ve omuriliği çıkartınız. 8 </li><li> Kordon bölümlerini paralel olarak 3-5 bel omur seviyesinden gömün. </li><li> Hematoksilin ve eozin ile lekelen enine kesitleri (H &amp; E). </li><li> Mikroskop altında motor nöron hasarına dikkat edin. 9 </li></ol> 8. İstatistiksel Analiz <ol><li> Sosyal Bilimler sürüm 20 için İstatistiksel Paket kullanarak istatistiksel analiz yapın. Motor defBu üç grubun buzlanma indeksi Kruskal-Wallis testi ve ardından Mann-Whitney U testi ile karşılaştırıldı. P değeri 0.05&#39;in altında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. </li></ol>

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Yazarların rekabette finansal çıkarları yoktur. Bu çalışma, Kore Hükümeti Ulusal Araştırma Vakfı tarafından 2012R1A1A3014010 hibe tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Bu çalışmada, aort oklüzyon süresine bağlı olarak arka bacak motor açık değişken derecelerde indükleyen Taira ve Marsala yöntemine 5 göre omurilik iskemisi bir fare modeli göstermiştir. Aortik tıkanıklığın uzunluğu motor yetersizlik derecesini etkileyebilir. Aort kapanma süresi daha uzun olursa, motor açık daha şiddetli hale gelir. Böylece, araştırmacılar, bu modelde aort kapanma süresini kontrol ederek belli düzeyde motor yetmezlik sa?...

Parapleji torakoabdominal aort anevrizmasının cerrahi tedavisinde ölümcül bir komplikasyondur. Aortun çapraz sıkıştırılması ve açılması sırasında ortaya çıkan spinal kord iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarından kaynaklanır. Sistemik hipotermi ve beyin-omurilik drenaj dahil 1 Çeşitli stratejiler 2, 3, 4 omuriliği korumak için getirilmiştir ancak birçok hastada yaralanma etkilenir kalır. Patogenezini araştırmak ve yaralanmaya karşı koruyucu stratejiler tasarlamak için birçok hayvan spinal kord iskemi modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Taira ve Marsala yöntemine dayanan omurilik iskemisinin sıçan modelini özetledik. 5 Sıçanlardaki omurilik sirkülasyon sistemi, insanlardaki omurilik vasküler ve kollateral sistemine çok benzer, ancak boyutta bazı farklılıklar vardır veyer. 6 , 7 Dolayısıyla sıçan, spinal kord iskemisinin patogenezini, komplikasyonlarını ve tedavisini araştıran deneysel bir model için kullanılacak anatomik olarak uygun bir hayvandır. Dahası, bu omurilik iskemi modeli, torasik aortanın intravasküler balon oklüzyonunu kullanarak minimal müdahale ile güvenilir aortik oklüzyon üretir. Bu çalışmada, omurilik iskemisinin bu sıçan modelinin aort kapanma zamanına bağlı olarak şiddeti değişen arka ekstremitede tekrarlanabilir motor defisitleri indüklediğini göstermiştik.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Fogarty Arterial Embolectomy catheter</td><td>Edward Life Sciences</td><td>120602F</td><td>a balloon-tipped catheter inserted into the femoral artery</td></tr><tr><td>BD Insyte-N Autoguard Shielded IV catheter&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BD&amp;nbsp;</td><td>381411</td><td>24-gauge intravenous catheter</td></tr><tr><td>50 mL syringe</td><td>KOREA VACCINE&amp;nbsp;</td><td>KOVAX-SYRINGE 50mL</td><td>Facial mask</td></tr><tr><td>1 mL syringe</td><td>KOREA VACCINE</td><td>KOVAX-SYRINGE 1ml</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Recal probe</td><td>HARVARD APPARATUS</td><td>50-7221F</td><td>Rectal probe for temperature monitoring</td></tr><tr><td>Micro dissecting spring scissor</td><td>Jeung do bio &amp;amp; Plant co.LTD.</td><td>JD-S-10</td><td>Micro-scissor</td></tr><tr><td>SCISSOR (SHARP-SHARP)</td><td>Jeung do bio &amp;amp; Plant co.LTD.</td><td>S-51-12-S</td><td>Scissors</td></tr><tr><td>Retractor</td><td>Jeung do bio &amp;amp; Plant co.LTD.</td><td>JD-S-74A</td><td>Retractor</td></tr><tr><td>Micro forcep&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Jeung do bio &amp;amp; Plant co.LTD.</td><td>JD-S-29</td><td>Micro-forceps</td></tr><tr><td>MOSQUITO FORCEP (Curved)</td><td>Jeung do bio &amp;amp; Plant co.LTD.</td><td>S-44-CPK</td><td>Curved forceps</td></tr><tr><td>DRESSING FORCEP&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Jeung do bio &amp;amp; Plant co.LTD.</td><td>S-37-16S</td><td>Blunted forceps</td></tr><tr><td>4/0 black silk&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Woori Medical</td><td>S431</td><td>4.0 black silk suture</td></tr><tr><td>3-WAY STOCK</td><td>Seonwon Medcal</td><td>D-98-01</td><td>3-way stopcock</td></tr><tr><td>Patient monitor</td><td>PHILIPS</td><td>MP20</td><td>The arterial pressure monitoring device.&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Heating blanket</td><td>Self production</td><td></td><td>Heating blanket</td></tr><tr><td>Microtube and external reservoir</td><td>Self production</td><td></td><td>Microtube and external reservoir</td></tr><tr><td>Heparin</td><td>JW Pharmaceutical</td><td></td><td>Heparin</td></tr><tr><td>0.9% NS 1000ml</td><td>JW Pharmaceutical</td><td></td><td>Normal saline</td></tr><tr><td>Isoflurane</td><td>Hana Med</td><td></td><td>Isoflurane</td></tr></tbody></table>

reproducible motor deficit following aortic occlusion in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia

<html> Torakoabdominal aort anevrizması cerrahisini takiben omurilik iskemisi ölümcül bir komplikasyondur. Araştırmacılar, spinal kord iskemisinin deneysel modellerini kullanarak bu komplikasyonu önleme ve tedavi stratejilerini araştırabilir. Burada açıklanan model, sıçan omurilik iskemi modelinde torakal aortik tıkanmayı takiben oklüzyonun uzunluğuyla ilişkili değişik derecelerde paraplejiyi göstermektedir. 2-Fr. Balon uçlu kateter, anestezi altındaki erkek Sprague-Dawley sıçanlarında kateter ucu sol subklavyen artere yerleştirilinceye kadar, femoral arterden inen torasik aorta doğru ilerletildi. Omurilik iskemisi, kateter balonu şişirilerek indüklendi. Belirli bir oklüzyon periyodundan sonra (9, 10 veya 11 dakika), balon deflate edildi. Nörolojik değerlendirme ameliyattan 24 saat sonra motor defisit indeksi kullanılarak yapıldı ve spinal kord histopatolojik muayene için hasat edildi. 9 dk aortik oklüzyon geçiren sıçanlar arka bacakta hafif ve geri dönüşümlü motor bozukluklar gösterdi 10 dk aortik oklüzyona maruz kalan sıçanlar, ılımlı fakat tersinir motor bozukluk ile sunuldu 11 dk aortik oklüzyona maruz kalan sıçanlar tam ve kalıcı olarak sergilendi Felç omurilik bölümlerindeki motor nöronlar, aort kapanması süresine kısa süren sıçanlarda daha fazla korunmuştur. Araştırmacılar, omurilik iskemi modelini kullanarak torasik aortik tıkanmayı takiben tekrarlanabilir bir arka bacak motoru eksikliği elde edebiliyorlar.

Spinal kord iskemi periyodunda 9 dak (n = 3), 10 dakika (n = 3) veya 11 dakika (n = 3) aortik oklüzyon uygulandı. Sıçanlardaki motor eksiklik indeksi Tablo 2&#39;de verilmiştir. 9 dak aortik oklüzyon geçiren sıçanlar, arka bacakte hafif ve geri dönüşümlü bir motor bozukluk gösterdi. Sıçanlar, 10 dakikalık aortik oklüzyona maruz bırakıldı, ancak motor fakir orta derecedeydi, ancak felç tam değildi. Oklüzyon süresinin 11 dakikasını alan sıçanlar, tam ve kalıcı felç sergiledi. <p class=...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Reproducible Motor Deficit Following Aortic Occlusion in a Rat Model Of Spinal Cord Ischemia at JoVE.com

Reproducible Motor Deficit Following Aortic Occlusion in a Rat Model Of Spinal Cord Ischemia

Bu çalışma sıçanlarda spinal kord iskemisinin minimal invaziv ve kolayca tekrarlanabilir bir model haline getirme tekniğini göstermektedir. Arka ekstremite motor defisitinin çeşitli dereceleri, aort kapanma zamanını kontrol ederek üretilebilir.

Spinal Kord İskemisinin Sıçan Modelinde Aortik Oklüzyon Sonrası Tekrarlanabilir Motor Bozukluğu

Spinal cord ischemia is a fatal complication following thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Researchers can investigate the strategies for preventing ...

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7.1K Görüntüleme.  SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul.  Bu çalışma sıçanlarda spinal kord iskemisinin minimal invaziv ve kolayca tekrarlanabilir bir model haline getirme tekniğini göstermektedir. Arka ekstremite motor defisitinin çeşitli dereceleri, aort kapanma zamanını kontrol ederek üretilebilir. 

Video: Reproducible Motor Deficit Following Aortic Occlusion in a Rat Model Of Spinal Cord Ischemia

Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model by Endovascular Suture Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in the Rat

Stroke is the leading cause of disability and the third leading cause of death in adults worldwide1. In human stroke, there exists a highly variable clinical state; in the development of animal models of focal ischemia, however, achieving reproducibility of experimentally induced infarct volume is essential. The rat is a widely used animal model for stroke due to its relatively low animal husbandry costs and to the similarity of its cranial circulation to that of humans2,3. In humans, the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is most commonly affected in stroke syndromes and multiple methods of MCA occlusion (MCAO) have been described to mimic this clinical syndrome in animal models. Because recanalization commonly occurs following an acute stroke in the human, reperfusion after a period of occlusion has been included in many of these models. In this video, we demonstrate the transient endovascular suture MCAO model in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). A filament with a silicon tip coating is placed intraluminally at the MCA origin for 60 minutes, followed by reperfusion. Note that the optimal occlusion period may vary in other rat strains, such as Wistar or Sprague-Dawley. Several behavioral indicators of stroke in the rat are shown. Focal ischemia is confirmed using T2-weighted magnetic resonance images and by staining brain sections with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) 24 hours after MCAO.

Surgical induction of ischemic brain damage in the rat is a widely used model for stroke research. Here we demonstrate the induction of focal cerebral ischemia by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Visualization of the resulting infarct by histological staining and magnetic resonance imaging is also shown.

Endovasküler Dikiş Rat Orta Serebral Arter Tıkanıklığı Fokal Serebral İskemi Model

Stroke is the leading cause of disability and the third leading cause of death in adults worldwide1. In human stroke, there exists a highly variable ...

Nörobilim

2-Vessel Occlusion/Hypotension: A Rat Model of Global Brain Ischemia

Cardiac arrest followed by resuscitation often results in dramatic brain damage caused by ischemia and subsequent reperfusion of the brain. Global brain ischemia produces damage to specific brain regions shown to be highly sensitive to ischemia 1. Hippocampal neurons have higher sensitivity to ischemic insults compared to other cell populations, and specifically, the CA1 region of the hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion 2.
The design of therapeutic interventions, or study of mechanisms involved in cerebral damage, requires a model that produces damage similar to the clinical condition and in a reproducible manner. Bilateral carotid vessel occlusion with hypotension (2VOH) is a model that produces reversible forebrain ischemia, emulating the cerebral events that can occur during cardiac arrest and resuscitation. We describe a model modified from Smith et al. (1984) 2, as first presented in its current form in Sanderson, et al. (2008) 3, which produces reproducible injury to selectively vulnerable brain regions 3-6. The reliability of this model is dictated by precise control of systemic blood pressure during applied hypotension, the duration of ischemia, close temperature control, a specific anesthesia regimen, and diligent post-operative care. An 8-minute ischemic insult produces cell death of CA1 hippocampal neurons that progresses over the course of 6 to 24 hr of reperfusion, while less vulnerable brain regions are spared. This progressive cell death is easily quantified after 7-14 days of reperfusion, as a near complete loss of CA1 neurons is evident at this time.
In addition to this brain injury model, we present a method for CA1 damage quantification using a simple, yet thorough, methodology. Importantly, quantification can be accomplished using a simple camera-mounted microscope, and a free ImageJ (NIH) software plugin, obviating the need for cost-prohibitive stereology software programs and a motorized microscopic stage for damage assessment.

Bilateral carotid occlusion coupled with systemic hypotension produces global brain ischemia in the rat, resulting in damage to the hippocampus with reproducible severity. Animal subjects are impaired with predictable patterns of brain damage, they recover expediently, and mortality rates are comparatively low.

2-Gemi Tıkanıklığı / Hipotansiyon: Küresel Beyin İskemi Rat Modeli

Cardiac arrest followed by resuscitation often results in dramatic brain damage caused by ischemia and subsequent reperfusion of the brain. Global brain ...

Tıp

Reproducable Paraplegia by Thoracic Aortic Occlusion in a Murine Model of Spinal Cord Ischemia-reperfusion

Background 
Lower extremity paralysis continues to complicate aortic interventions. The lack of understanding of the underlying pathology has hindered advancements to decrease the occurrence this injury.&#160;The current model demonstrates reproducible lower&#160;extremity paralysis following thoracic aortic occlusion.
Methods 
Adult male C57BL6 mice were anesthetized with isoflurane. Through a cervicosternal incision the aorta was exposed. The descending thoracic aorta and left subclavian arteries were identified without entrance into pleural space. Skeletonization of these arteries was followed by immediate closure (Sham) or occlusion for 4 min (moderate ischemia) or 8 min (prolonged ischemia). The sternotomy and skin were closed and the mouse was transferred to warming bed for recovery.&#160; Following recovery, functional analysis was obtained at 12 hr intervals until 48 hr.
Results 
Mice that underwent sham surgery showed no observable hind&#160;limb deficit. Mice subjected to moderate ischemia for 4 min had minimal functional deficit at 12 hr followed by progression to complete paralysis at 48 hr. Mice subjected to prolonged ischemia had an immediate paralysis with no observable hind-limb movement at any point in the postoperative period. There was no observed intraoperative or post&#160;operative mortality.
Conclusion 
Reproducible lower extremity paralysis whether immediate or delayed can be achieved in a murine model. Additionally, by using a median sternotomy and careful dissection, high survival rates, and reproducibility can be achieved.

The lack of mechanistic understanding of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury has hindered further adjuncts to prevent paraplegia following high risk aortic operations. Thus, the development of animal models is imperative. This manuscript demonstrates reproducible lower extremity paralysis following thoracic aortic occlusion in a murine model.

Spinal Kord İskemi-reperfüzyon bir Mürin Modelinde Torasik Aort Tıkanıklığı tarafından tekrarlanabilir Parapleji

Background
Lower extremity paralysis continues to complicate aortic interventions. The lack of understanding of the underlying pathology has hindered ...

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability

Stroke typically occurs in elderly people with a range of comorbidities including carotid (or other arterial) atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, obesity and diabetes. Accordingly, when evaluating therapies for stroke in animals, it is important to select a model with excellent face validity. Ischemic stroke accounts for 80% of all strokes, and the majority of these occur in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), often inducing infarcts that affect the sensorimotor cortex, causing persistent plegia or paresis on the contralateral side of the body. We demonstrate in this video a method for producing ischemic stroke in elderly rats, which causes sustained sensorimotor disability and substantial cortical infarcts. Specifically, we induce permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in elderly female rats by using diathermy forceps to occlude a short segment of this artery. The carotid artery on the ipsilateral side to the lesion was then permanently occluded and the contralateral carotid artery was transiently occluded for 60 min. We measure the infarct size using structural T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 24 hr and 8 weeks after stroke. In this study, the mean infarct volume was 4.5% &#177; 2.0% (standard deviation) of the ipsilateral hemisphere at 24 hr (corrected for brain swelling using Gerriet&#8217;s equation, n = 5). This model is feasible and clinically relevant as it permits the induction of sustained sensorimotor deficits, which is important for the elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms and novel treatments.

Here we present a protocol to produce permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in elderly female rats with simultaneous occlusion of the carotid arteries to generate large cortical infarcts and sustained deficits. We show confirmation of the lesion size using structural MRI at 24 hr and 8 weeks after stroke.

Yaşlı Sıçanlarda Ortak Karotis Arter Tıkanıklığı ile Kalıcı Distal Orta Serebral Sahne Kortikal İskemi Sürekli Engelli Eğitim için

Stroke typically occurs in elderly people with a range of comorbidities including carotid (or other arterial) atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, ...

Thoracic Spinal Cord Hemisection Surgery and Open-Field Locomotor Assessment in the Rat

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes disturbances in motor, sensory, and autonomic function below the level of the lesion. Experimental animal models are valuable tools to understand the neural mechanisms involved in locomotor recovery after SCI and to design therapies for clinical populations. There are several experimental SCI models including contusion, compression, and transection injuries that are used in a wide variety of species. A hemisection involves the unilateral transection of the spinal cord and disrupts all ascending and descending tracts on one side only. Spinal hemisection produces a highly selective and reproducible injury in comparison to contusion or compression techniques that is useful for investigating neural plasticity in spared and damaged pathways associated with functional recovery. We present a detailed step-by-step protocol for performing a thoracic hemisection at the T8 vertebral level in the rat that results in an initial paralysis of the hindlimb on the side of the lesion with graded spontaneous recovery of locomotor function over several weeks. We also provide a locomotor scoring protocol to assess functional recovery in the open-field. The locomotor assessment provides a linear recovery profile and can be performed both early and repeatedly after injury in order to accurately screen animals for appropriate time points in which to conduct more specialized behavioral testing. The hemisection technique presented can be readily adapted to other transection models and species, and the locomotor assessment can be used in a variety of SCI and other injury models to score locomotor function.

The rat thoracic spinal hemisection is a valuable and reproducible model of unilateral spinal cord injury to investigate the neural mechanisms of locomotor recovery and treatment efficacy. This article includes a detailed step-by-step guide to perform the hemisection procedure and to assess locomotor performance in an open-field arena.

Sıçan içinde torasik omurilik Hemiseksiyon cerrahisi ve açık saha lokomotor değerlendirmesi

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes disturbances in motor, sensory, and autonomic function below the level of the lesion. Experimental animal models are ...

A Preclinical Model to Assess Brain Recovery After Acute Stroke in Rats

The purpose of this study was to establish and validate an animal brain ischemia model in the recovery and sequela stages. A middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in male Sprague-Dawley rats was chosen. By changing the rat&#39;s weight (260&#8722;330 g), the thread bolt type (2636/2838/3040/3043) and the brain infarct time (2-3 h), a higher Longa&#39;s score, a larger infarct volume and a greater model success ratio were screened using the Longa&#39;s score and TTC staining. The optimum model condition (300 g, 3040 thread bolt, 3 h brain infarct time) was acquired and used in a 1-90 day observation period after reperfusion via assessment of sensorimotor functions and infarct volume. At these conditions, the bilateral asymmetry test had a significant difference from 1 to 90 days, and the grid-walking test had a significant difference from 1 to 60 days; both differences could be a suitable sensorimotor functional test. Thus, the most appropriate condition of a novel rat model in the recovery and sequela stages of brain ischemia was found: 300 g rats that underwent MCAO with a 3040 thread bolt for a 3 h brain infarct and then reperfused. The appropriate sensorimotor functional tests were a bilateral asymmetry test and a grid-walking test.

The&#160;purpose of this study is to establish and validate an animal model for research in the recovery and sequela stages of brain ischemia by testing brain infarction and sensorimotor function after middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) after 1-90 days in rats.

Sıçanlarda Akut İnme Sonrası Beyin İyileşmesini Değerlendiren Bir Preklinik Model

The purpose of this study was to establish and validate an animal brain ischemia model in the recovery and sequela stages. A middle cerebral artery ...

Two-vessel Occlusion Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion

In this study, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion mouse model is employed to study cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A reproducible and reliable mouse model is useful for investigating the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and determining potential therapeutic strategies for patients with stroke. Variations in the anatomy of the circle of Willis of C57BL/6 mice affects their infarct volume after cerebral-ischemia-induced injury. Studies have indicated that distal MCA occlusion (MCAO) can overcome this problem and result in a stable infarct size. In this study, we establish a two-vessel occlusion mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion through the interruption of the blood flow to the right MCA. We distally ligate the right MCA and right common carotid artery (CCA) and restore blood flow after a certain period of ischemia. This ischemia-reperfusion injury induces an infarct of stable size and a behavioral deficit. Peripheral immune cells infiltrate the ischemic brain within the 24 h infiltration period. Additionally, the neuronal loss in the cortical area is less for a longer reperfusion duration. Therefore, this two-vessel occlusion model is suitable for investigating the immune response and neuronal recovery during the reperfusion period after cerebral ischemia.

A mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is established to investigate the pathophysiology of stroke. We distally ligate the right middle cerebral artery and right common carotid artery and restore blood flow after 10 or 40 min of ischemia.

Serebral iskemi-reperfüzyon iki damar tıkanıklığı fare modeli

In this study, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion mouse model is employed to study cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A reproducible and reliable mouse ...

A Neuronal Apoptosis Model induced by Spinal Cord Compression in Rat

As a severe progressive degenerative disease, cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) has a poor prognosis and is associated with physical pain, stiffness, motor or sensory dysfunction, and a high risk of spinal cord injury and acroparalysis. Thus, therapeutic strategies that promote efficient spinal cord regeneration in this chronic and progressive disease are urgently needed. Effective and reproducible animal spinal cord compression models are required to understand the complex biological mechanism underlying CSM. Most spinal cord injury models reflect acute and structural destructive conditions, whereas animal models of CSM present a chronic compression in the spinal cord. This paper presents a protocol to generate a rat spinal cord compression model, which was further evaluated by assessing the behavioral score and observing the compressed spinal cord region. The behavioral assessments showed decreased monitor motor disability, including joint movements, stepping ability, coordination, trunk stability, and limb muscle strength. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&#38;E) staining and immunostaining revealed considerable neuronal apoptosis in the compressed region of the spinal cord.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Sıçanlarda Omurilik Sıkışmasının Neden Olduğu Bir Nöronal Apoptoz Modeli

Here, we present a protocol to generate a rat spinal cord compression model, assess its behavioral score, and observe the compressed spinal cord region. The behavioral assessments showed decreased monitor motor disability. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunostaining revealed considerable neuronal apoptosis in the compressed region of the spinal cord.

Sıçanlarda Omurilik Sıkışmasının Neden Olduğu Bir Nöronal Apoptoz Modeli

As a severe progressive degenerative disease, cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) has a poor prognosis and is associated with physical pain, stiffness, ...

Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats with Preserved Vascular Anatomy

A Rat Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion/Reperfusion Without Damaging the Anatomical Structure of Cerebral Vessels

Ischemic stroke stands as the primary cause of long-term disability and mortality among adults worldwide. Animal models of ischemic stroke have significantly contributed to our understanding of its pathological mechanisms and the development of potential treatments. Presently, there are two common methods involving filament (endovascular suture) techniques to induce animal models of cerebral ischemia. However, these methods have inherent limitations, such as reduced blood perfusion to the brain, damage to the external carotid artery system, impaired food and/or water intake, and sensory dysfunction of the face. This article introduces a new method for inducing a rat ischemic stroke model without compromising the cerebral vascular anatomy. In this study, the common carotid artery (CCA) of Sprague-Dawley rats was exposed, and an incision was made. A filament was then inserted through the incision into the internal carotid artery to occlude the middle cerebral artery. After 1.5 h of induced ischemia, the occluding filament was fully removed from both the internal carotid artery and the CCA. The incision in the CCA was subsequently sutured using 11-0 microsurgical sutures under a microscope (magnification 4x). Through the utilization of microsurgical techniques to repair the CCA, this study successfully developed a unique method to induce an ischemic stroke model in rats while preserving the anatomical integrity of cerebral blood vessels.

The current protocol describes a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion that preserves the anatomical structure of cerebral vessels without causing damage.

Spinal Kord İskemisinin Sıçan Modelinde Aortik Oklüzyon Sonrası Tekrarlanabilir Motor Bozukluğu

Özet

Daha Fazla Video Keşfet

Endovasküler Dikiş Rat Orta Serebral Arter Tıkanıklığı Fokal Serebral İskemi Model

2-Gemi Tıkanıklığı / Hipotansiyon: Küresel Beyin İskemi Rat Modeli

Spinal Kord İskemi-reperfüzyon bir Mürin Modelinde Torasik Aort Tıkanıklığı tarafından tekrarlanabilir Parapleji

Yaşlı Sıçanlarda Ortak Karotis Arter Tıkanıklığı ile Kalıcı Distal Orta Serebral Sahne Kortikal İskemi Sürekli Engelli Eğitim için

Sıçan içinde torasik omurilik Hemiseksiyon cerrahisi ve açık saha lokomotor değerlendirmesi

Sıçanlarda Akut İnme Sonrası Beyin İyileşmesini Değerlendiren Bir Preklinik Model

Serebral iskemi-reperfüzyon iki damar tıkanıklığı fare modeli

Sıçanlarda Omurilik Sıkışmasının Neden Olduğu Bir Nöronal Apoptoz Modeli

Sıçanlarda Omurilik Sıkışmasının Neden Olduğu Bir Nöronal Apoptoz Modeli

A Rat Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion/Reperfusion Without Damaging the Anatomical Structure of Cerebral Vessels