Yazarlar bize Hava Kuvvetleri Office, bilimsel araştırma, sözleşme numarası FA9550-14-1-0128 altında mali desteği minnetle kabul etmiş oluyorsunuz. T. L. A. David ve Lucille Packard Vakfı tarafından kısmi destek de minnetle kabul eder.

MSDS Kimyasalları okuyup tüm kimyasal güvenlik önlemleri, kurum tarafından gerektiği gibi izleyin.
1. birikimi Cl-PProDOT ve Cl-BK
<ol><li>Şekil 1' de gösterildiği gibi özel olarak oluşturulmuş borulu Buhar biriktirme odası yapısını oluşturun.<ol>
<li>2-inç (OD) sigortalı kuvars tüp erimiş yapar 1/4-inç (dış çap, OD) kuvars yan koya. Özel olarak oluşturulmuş bir U-şekil 1-inç paslanmaz çelik tüp ve bir Dewar şişesi ile soğuk bir tuzak yapmak.</li>
		<li>Kuvars tüp bir vakum ölçer ve soğuk tuzak paslanmaz çelik KF bağlayıcıları kullanarak iletişim kurmak ve hızlı kuplajları bağlayın. Monomer bir kuvars ampul yerleştirin ve ampul borulu Odası 1/4-inç ile bağlanmak hızlı kuplajları ve iğneli Vana bağlayın. Oksidan odasında bir pota yerleştirin.</li>
		<li>Ayrı Isıtma bantları kaynakları oksidan, yüzeyler ve monomer için Isıtma olarak kullanın. Gaz girişi ek noble gerekirse işlem basıncı kontrolü için gazlar tanıtmak odası sağ uç köşesinde ekleyin.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
Cl-PProDOT birikimi
	<ol>
<li>3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) 50 mg monomer ampül ekleyin ve borulu odasına bağlayın. İğneli Vana açık tutun.</li>
		<li>Yüzeylerde (cam kaymak, kumaşlar, kağıt vb.) odasında koymak. Yüzeylerde 1.3 cm x 2,5 cm uzunluğundadır.</li>
		<li>Ve odasında yer FeCl3 50 mg 5 mL pota içinde ekleyin. Not: Monomer giriş, yüzeyler ve pota göreli konumları şekil 1' de gösterilmektedir. 13 cm monomer giriş ve pota arasındaki mesafedir.</li>
		<li>Pompayı açın. Vana odası sağ ucunda yavaşça kapatın. Sonra dolu bir basınç altında 525 mTorr yer (70 Pa), sıvı nitrojen içinde soğuk tuzak ekleyin.</li>
		<li>Teyp Isıtma ile üç ısıtma bölgeleri sarın ve Isıtma bandı ısı kontrol cihazları bağlayın.</li>
		<li>Ne zaman baskı işleme basınç azalır (52,5 mTorr, 7 Pa), iğneli Vana monomer kapsayıcı kapatın.</li>
		<li>Oksidan, yüzeyler ve 170 ° C, 80 ° C ve 80 ° C, monomer sırasıyla Isıtma başlatın. ~ 10 dk sonra FeCl3 buharlaşmış ve kırmızı FeCl3 katı serin bölgede oluşturulur.</li>
		<li>İğneli Vana monomer kapsayıcı açın. Not: Mavi renkli ince filmler substrat bölgede oluşturulacak. Tipik büyüme oranları ~ 10 nm/dak sağlamak bu FeCl3 buhar odasında iğneli Vana monomer kapsayıcı açmadan önce oluşturulur. Aksi takdirde, monomer FeCl3 katı pota içinde tepki ve oksidan daha da buharlaşma önleyen bir polimer tabaka oluştururlar.</li>
		<li>Ne zaman istenilen kalınlık elde iğneli Vana monomer kapsayıcı kapatın. Tüm Isıtma bandı açmak ve oda sıcaklığında sisteme serin.</li>
		<li>Gaz giriş vanası açmak ve pompa kapatmak.</li>
		<li>Örnek odadan almam. Dikkatle metanol için kalan oksidan ve monomer kaldırmak 30 dk örneklerinde bırakın. Not: Saat durulama film kalınlığı arttıkça artacaktır. 30-dak durulama için 100'den daha ince filmler tipik cam slaytlara nm. Filmler 500 kalın nm durulama zaman--dan belgili tanımlık substrate delaminate.</li>
		<li>Dikkatli bir şekilde darbe kuru azot gazı ile örnekleri.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
Cl-BK birikimi
	<ol>
<li>Thieno 50 mg eklemek [3,2 -b] tiyofen (TT) monomer ampül ve borulu odasına bağlayın. İğneli Vana açık tutun.</li>
		<li>1.2.2 adımları yineleyin. 1.2.12 için.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>2. Br-PEDOT birikimi
<ol><li>
İfade odası kurulumu
	<ol>
<li>Kuvars tüp oksidanlar için bir ek 1/4-inç yan giriş eklemek ve monomer giriş dışında 8 inç yapmak. Sıvı oksidan bir kuvars ampul yere takıp ampul borulu odasına monomer (Şekil 2) aynı şekilde bağlayın.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
Br-PEDOT birikimi
	<ol>
<li>3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) 2 mL monomer ampul ekleyin ve ampul borulu odasına bağlayın. İğneli Vana açık tutun.</li>
		<li>Monomer buharı giriş yakınındaki borulu odasında yüzeylerde (cam kaymak, kumaşlar, kağıt vb.) yerleştirin. Belgili tanımlık substrate 1.3 cm x 2,5 cm uzunluğundadır.</li>
		<li>Bir duman hood Br2 2 mL oksidan ampul ekleyin, ampul iğneli Vana bağlanmak ve iğneli vana kapalı tutmak. İğneli Vana kuvars tüp takın. Uyarı: Br2 tehlikeli bir malzemedir. Ele alırken dikkatli olun.</li>
		<li>Pompayı açın. Vana odası sağ ucunda yavaşça kapatın. Sonra dolu bir basınç altında 525 mTorr yer (70 Pa), sıvı nitrojen içinde soğuk tuzak ekleyin.</li>
		<li>Teyp Isıtma ile monomer bölge sarın ve bir sıcaklık denetleyicisi ile bağlayın. Oda sıcaklığında substrat ve oksidan bölge korumak.</li>
		<li>Ne zaman basınç azalır 52,5 mTorr işleme baskısı (7 Pa), oksidan iğneli Vana açın. Not: Tepki çok hızlıdır. Br2 çok uçucu olduğundan mavi PEDOT Filmler monomer giriş yakın oluşturacak.</li>
		<li>Ne zaman istenilen kalınlık elde monomer ve oksidan iğne valfleri kapatın.</li>
		<li>Isıtma bandı açmak ve oda sıcaklığında sisteme serin.</li>
		<li>Gaz giriş vanası açmak ve pompa kapatmak. Örnek odadan almam. Not: Durulama Br2için gerekli değildir-katkılı polimerler.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

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Yazarlar ifşa gerek yok.

Oksidatif polimerizasyon reaksiyonu mekanizmasıdır. Mekanizma kullanılarak polimer kaplama yöntemleri electropolymerization17 içerir ve faz polimerizasyon18Buhar. Electropolymerization iletken bir substrat gerektirir, düzgün ve açıkorur kaplama avantajı yoksun ve bir çevre düşmanca yöntemi çözüm göre19yaşında. Varolan buharı faz polimerizasyon yöntemi rapor burada yöntemine benzer, ancak yalnızca son derece geçici olmayan mon...

İletken polimer ve yarıiletken malzemeler esneklik1, esnekliği2, oluşturmak için olağanüstü fırsatlar sağlayan şeffaflık3ve düşük yoğunluklu,4 gibi benzersiz özellikleri vardır geleneksel olmayan yüzeylerde yeni nesil elektronik cihazlarda. Şu anda, pek çok araştırmacı esnek oluşturmak için polimer malzemeler ve/veya giyilebilir elektronik5,6 , akıllı Tekstil7benzersiz özelliklerini yararlanmak için gayret. Ancak, son derece dokulu yüzeyler ve kağıt, kumaş ve konu/iplikler, gibi sağlam olmayan yüzeylerde açıkorur kat yeteneği unmastered kalır. En sık, polimer sentez ve çözüm yöntemleri kullanarak yüzeylerde boyalı. 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 çözüm yöntemleri kaplı polimer lifleri/Tekstil sağlasa, böylece elde edilen kaplamalar üniform olmayan ve küçük fiziksel gerilmeler13,14 tarafından kolayca hasarlı çoğu kez. Çözüm yöntemleri kaplama kağıdı için geçerli değildir, aynı zamanda sorunları ıslatma yüzünden.
Reaktif Buhar biriktirme yüzeylerde yüzey kimya/kompozisyon, yüzey enerji ve Yüzey pürüzlülük/topografi15bakılmaksızın çeşitli bir yelpazede açıkorur konjuge polimer filmler oluşturabilirsiniz. Bu yaklaşım, aynı anda bir yüzeye monomer ve oksidan buharlar sunarak buharı aşamasında konjüge polimerler sentezlenmiş. Bir tek, solventsiz adım yüzey üzerinde polimerizasyon ve film oluşumu oluşur. Bu yöntem teorik olarak çözüm yöntemleri kullanarak oksidatif polimerizasyon tarafından sentezlenen konjuge herhangi bir polimer için geçerlidir. Ancak, bugüne kadar konjuge polimer yapıları sadece dar bir dizi yatırmak için iletişim kuralları denir. 15
Burada, biz göstermek devrilmesinden sonra iletken poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) ve poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT) ve yarıiletken Poli (thieno [3,2 -b] tiyofen) (BK) filmleri ile reaktif Buhar biriktirme. İki türlü oksidanlar, katı FeCl3 ve sıvı Br2, süreç içinde kullanılır. Karşılık gelen polimerler Cl-PProDOT, Cl-BK ve Br-PEDOT adlandırılır. Hem geleneksel yüzeyler, cam slaytlar ve kağıt, havlu ve kumaşlar, gibi alışılmamış dokulu yüzeyler polimer film ile kaplı.
Bu iletişim kuralı, özel olarak oluşturulmuş buharı ifade odasının kurulum ve biriktirme işleminin ayrıntılarını açıklar. Yeni Uygulayıcıları kendi biriktirme sistemi kurmak ve buharı fazlı sentezi ile ilişkili ortak tuzaklardan kaçınmak yardımcı olmak içindir.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene, 97%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>483028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene, 97%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>660485</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, 95%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>702668</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FeCl3, 97%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>157740</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Br2</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>207888</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

reactive vapor deposition of conjugated polymer films on arbitrary substrates

Açıkorur konjüge polimerler rasgele yüzeylerde özel olarak tasarlanmış, alçak basınç reaksiyonu odası kullanarak üzerinde kaplama yöntemi göstermektedir. İletken polimerler, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) ve poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT) ve bir yarıiletken polimer, Poli (thieno [3,2 -b] tiyofen) (BK), alışılmamış üzerinde son derece düzensiz tevdi ve Kağıt, havlu ve kumaşlar gibi yüksek yüzey alanları ile dokulu yüzeyler. Bu ifade odası önceki buharı reaktörler bir iyileşme sistemimiz 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene ve thieno gibi geçici ve kalıcı monomerleri barındırabilir çünkü rapor [3,2 -b] tiyofen. Katı ve sıvı oksidanlar kullanımı de gösterdi. Bu yöntemin bir sınırlama bu sofistike situ içinde kalınlık monitörler yoksun olması. Polimer kaplamalar spin-kaplama ve yüzey aşılama gibi yaygın olarak kullanılan çözüm tabanlı kaplama yöntemleri tarafından yapılan tek tip veya mekanik bozulma için duyarlı değildir. Bu buharı faz biriktirme yöntemi bu sakıncaları üstesinden gelir ve ortak çözüm tabanlı kaplama yöntemleri için güçlü bir alternatif bildirdi. Özellikle, polimer Filmler tarafından bildirilen yöntemi kaplı düzgün ve mikrometre ölçekte bile pürüzlü yüzeylerde açıkorurdur. Bu özellik için esnek ve yüksek dokulu yüzeyler üzerinde elektronik cihazlarda yatırılır buharı polimerlerin yönelik uygulama sağlar.

1.3 cm x 2,5 cm cam slaytlara ayrı yanal pozisyonlarda Merkezi tüp boyunca yerleştirilen oluşan Cl-PProDOT film kalınlığı bir profilometer (şekil 3) tarafından ölçülen. İletkenlikleri ev yapımı dört maddelik sonda test istasyonu kullanarak direnci ölçüleri hesaplanır. Bir 100-nm kalın Cl-PProDOT film cam slaytlara ölçülen iletkenlik 106 S/cm, bu film bir potansiyel elektrot malzeme olarak hak kazanmak yeterli olan dür. <strong class=...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates at JoVE.com

Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates

Reaktif Buhar biriktirme rasgele yüzeylerde konjuge polimer filmleri

Bu kağıt, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) ve poli reaktif Buhar biriktirme için bir protokol sunar (thieno [3,2 -b] tiyofen) Filmler cam slaytlar ve pürüzlü yüzeylerde, Tekstil ve kağıt gibi.

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. ...

reactive-vapor-deposition-conjugated-polymer-films-on-arbitrary

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

33.5K Görüntüleme.  University of Wisconsin-Madison. Bu kağıt, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) ve poli reaktif Buhar biriktirme için bir protokol sunar (thieno [3,2 -b] tiyofen) Filmler cam slaytlar ve pürüzlü yüzeylerde, Tekstil ve kağıt gibi.

Video: Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of perfluoroalkanes has long been studied for tuning the wetting properties of surfaces. For high surface area microporous materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), unique challenges present themselves for PECVD treatments. Herein the protocol for development of a MOF that was previously unstable to humid conditions is presented. The protocol describes the synthesis of Cu-BTC (also known as HKUST-1), the treatment of Cu-BTC with PECVD of perfluoroalkanes, the aging of materials under humid conditions, and the subsequent ammonia microbreakthrough experiments on milligram quantities of microporous materials. Cu-BTC has an extremely high surface area (~1,800 m2/g) when compared to most materials or surfaces that have been previously treated by PECVD methods. Parameters such as chamber pressure and treatment time are extremely important to ensure the perfluoroalkane plasma penetrates to and reacts with the inner MOF surfaces. Furthermore, the protocol for ammonia microbreakthrough experiments set forth here can be utilized for a variety of test gases and microporous materials.

Herein the procedures for plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of perfluoroalkanes on microporous materials such as metal-organic frameworks to enhance their stability and hydrophobicity are described. Furthermore, breakthrough testing of milligram quantities of samples is described in detail.

Plazma ile Hidrofobik Metal-Organik Altyapıları hazırlanması Amonyak Kaldırma için perfluorobütanlar Kimyasal Buhar Kaplama Geliştirilmiş

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of perfluoroalkanes has long been studied for tuning the wetting properties of surfaces. For high ...

Kimya

Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films. Typically, ultrathin films are prepared using either sacrificial layers, which may damage the film or affect its mechanical properties, or they are made on freshly cleaved mica, a substrate that is difficult to scale. Further, the size of ultrathin film is typically limited to a few square millimeters. In this method, we modify a surface with a polyelectrolyte that alters the strength of adhesion between polymer and deposition substrate. The polyelectrolyte can be shown to remain on the wafer using spectroscopy, and a treated wafer can be used to produce multiple films, indicating that at best minimal amounts of the polyelectrolyte are added to the film. The process has thus far been shown to be limited in scalability only by the size of the coating equipment, and is expected to be readily scalable to industrial processes. In this study, the protocol for making the solutions, preparing the deposition surface, and producing the films is described.

We describe a method for the fabrication of large-area (up to 13 cm diameter) and ultrathin (as thin as 8 nm) polymer films. Instead of using a sacrificial interlayer to delaminate the film from its substrate, we use a self-limiting surface treatment suitable for arbitrarily large areas.

Geniş alanlı Fabrikasyon Ultrathin Polimer Filmler Serbest ayakta

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films.  Typically, ultrathin films are prepared ...

Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

Recent progress in the field of organic materials has yielded devices such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) which have advantages not found in traditional materials, including low cost and mechanical flexibility. In a similar vein, it would be advantageous to expand the use of organics into high frequency electronics and spin-based electronics. This work presents a synthetic process for the growth of thin films of the room temperature organic ferrimagnet, vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x, x~2) by low temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The thin film is grown at &#60;60 &#176;C, and can accommodate a wide variety of substrates including, but not limited to, silicon, glass, Teflon and flexible substrates. The conformal deposition is conducive to pre-patterned and three-dimensional structures as well. Additionally this technique can yield films with thicknesses ranging from 30 nm to several microns. Recent progress in optimization of film growth creates a film whose qualities, such as higher Curie temperature (600 K), improved magnetic homogeneity, and narrow ferromagnetic resonance line-width (1.5 G) show promise for a variety of applications in spintronics and microwave electronics.

We present the synthesis of the organic-based ferrimagnet vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x, x~2) via low temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This optimized recipe yields an increase in Curie temperature from 400 K to over 600 K and a dramatic improvement in magnetic resonance properties.

Bir Organik Magnet CVD, Vanadyum Tetracyanoethylene

Recent progress in the field of organic materials has yielded devices such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) which have advantages not found in ...

Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes

CMP as large surface area materials have attracted growing interest recently, due to their high variability in the incorporation of functional groups in combination with their outstanding thermal and chemical stability, and low densities. However, their insoluble nature causes problems in their processing since usually applied techniques such as spin coating are not available. Especially for membrane applications, where the processing of CMP as thin films is desirable, the processing problems have hindered their commercial application.
Here we describe the interfacial synthesis of CMP thin films on functionalized substrates via molecular layer-by-layer (l-b-l) synthesis. This process allows the preparation of films with desired thickness and composition and even desired composition gradients.
The use of sacrificial supports allows the preparation of freestanding membranes by dissolution of the support after the synthesis. To handle such ultra-thin freestanding membranes the protection with sacrificial coatings showed great promise, to avoid rupture of the nanomembranes. To transfer the nanomembranes to the desired substrate, the coated membranes are upfloated at the air-liquid interface and then transferred via dip coating.

In this paper we describe the interfacial synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) on sacrificial substrates, and the dissolution of the substrate for the preparation of freestanding CMP nanomembranes. In addition, we will describe how the fragile nanomembranes can be transferred to other substrates.

Katman-katman Sentezi ve Müstakil Konjuge mikro gözenekli polimer Nanomembranlar Devri

CMP as large surface area materials have attracted growing interest recently, due to their high variability in the incorporation of functional groups in ...

Preparation of Macroporous Epitaxial Quartz Films on Silicon by Chemical Solution Deposition

This work describes the detailed protocol for preparing piezoelectric macroporous epitaxial quartz films on silicon(100) substrates. This is a three-step process based on the preparation of a sol in a one-pot synthesis which is followed by the deposition of a gel film on Si(100) substrates by evaporation induced self-assembly using the dip-coating technique and ends with a thermal treatment of the material to induce the gel crystallization and the growth of the quartz film. The formation of a silica gel is based on the reaction of a tetraethyl orthosilicate and water, catalyzed by HCl, in ethanol. However, the solution contains two additional components that are essential for preparing mesoporous epitaxial quartz films from these silica gels dip-coated on Si. Alkaline earth ions, like Sr2+ act as glass melting agents that facilitate the crystallization of silica and in combination with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) amphiphilic template form a phase separation responsible of the macroporosity of the films. The good matching between the quartz and silicon cell parameters is also essential in the stabilization of quartz over other SiO2 polymorphs and is at the origin of the epitaxial growth.

A protocol is presented for the preparation of piezoelectric macroporous epitaxial films of quartz on silicon by solution chemistry using dip-coating and thermal treatments in air.

Kimyasal Çözüm Biriktirme tarafından Silisyum üzerinde Makrogözenekli Epitaksiyel Kuvars Filmlerin Hazırlanması

This work describes the detailed protocol for preparing piezoelectric macroporous epitaxial quartz films on silicon(100) substrates. This is a three-step ...

Capillary Electrophoresis to Monitor Peptide Grafting onto Chitosan Films in Real Time

Free-solution capillary electrophoresis (CE) separates analytes, generally charged compounds in solution through the application of an electric field. Compared to other analytical separation techniques, such as chromatography, CE is cheap, robust and effectively requires no sample preparation (for a number of complex natural matrices or polymeric samples). CE is fast and can be used to follow the evolution of mixtures in real time (e.g., chemical reaction kinetics), as the signals observed for the separated compounds are directly proportional to their quantity in solution.
Here, the efficiency of CE is demonstrated for monitoring the covalent grafting of peptides onto chitosan films for subsequent biomedical applications. Chitosan&#39;s antimicrobial and biocompatible properties make it an attractive material for biomedical applications such as cell growth substrates. Covalently grafting the peptide RGDS (arginine - glycine - aspartic acid - serine) onto the surface of chitosan films aims at improving cell attachment. Historically, chromatography and amino acid analysis have been used to provide a direct measurement of the amount of grafted peptide. However, the fast separation and absence of sample preparation provided by CE enables equally accurate yet real-time monitoring of the peptide grafting process. CE is able to separate and quantify the different components of the reaction mixture: the (non-grafted) peptide and the chemical coupling agents. In this way the use of CE results in improved films for downstream applications.
The chitosan films were characterized through solid-state NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy. This technique is more time-consuming and cannot be applied in real time, but yields a direct measurement of the peptide and thus validates the CE technique.

Free solution capillary electrophoresis is a fast, cheap and robust analytical method that enables the quantitative monitoring of chemical reactions in real time. Its utility for rapid, convenient and precise analysis is demonstrated here through analysis of covalent peptide grafting onto chitosan films for improved cell adhesion.

Kapiler Elektroforez Real Time Kitosan Films üzerine Peptit Aşılama Monitör

Free-solution capillary electrophoresis (CE) separates analytes, generally charged compounds in solution through the application of an electric field. ...

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Organo-lead halide perovskites have recently attracted great interest for potential applications in thin-film photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Herein, we present a protocol for the fabrication of this material via the low-pressure vapor assisted solution process (LP-VASP) method, which yields ~19% power conversion efficiency in planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. First, we report the synthesis of methylammonium iodide (CH3NH3I) and methylammonium bromide (CH3NH3Br) from methylamine and the corresponding halide acid (HI or HBr). Then, we describe the fabrication of pinhole-free, continuous methylammonium-lead halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbX3 with X = I, Br, Cl and their mixture) films with the LP-VASP. This process is based on two steps: i) spin-coating of a homogenous layer of lead halide precursor onto a substrate, and ii) conversion of this layer to CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx by exposing the substrate to vapors of a mixture of CH3NH3I and CH3NH3Br at reduced pressure and 120 &#176;C. Through slow diffusion of the methylammonium halide vapor into the lead halide precursor, we achieve slow and controlled growth of a continuous, pinhole-free perovskite film. The LP-VASP allows synthetic access to the full halide composition space in CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx with 0&#160;&#8804; x&#160;&#8804; 3. Depending on the composition of the vapor phase, the bandgap can be tuned between 1.6 eV&#160;&#8804; Eg&#160;&#8804; 2.3 eV. In addition, by varying the composition of the halide precursor and of the vapor phase, we can also obtain CH3NH3PbI3-xClx. Films obtained from the LP-VASP are reproducible, phase pure as confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements, and show high photoluminescence quantum yield. The process does not require the use of a glovebox.

Here, we present a protocol for the synthesis of CH3NH3I and CH3NH3Br precursors and the subsequent formation of pinhole-free, continuous CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx thin films for the application in high efficiency solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.

Alçak basınç buhar destekli çözüm işlemini Tunable Grup Gap iğne deliği-Alerjik Methylammonium kurşun Halide Perovskite filmler için

Organo-lead halide perovskites have recently attracted great interest for potential applications in thin-film photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Herein, ...

Aerosol-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal Oxide Structures: Zinc Oxide Rods

Whilst columnar zinc oxide (ZnO) structures in the form of rods or wires have been synthesized previously by different liquid- or vapor-phase routes, their high cost production and/or incompatibility with microfabrication technologies, due to the use of pre-deposited catalyst-seeds and/or high processing temperatures exceeding 900 &#176;C, represent a drawback for a widespread use of these methods. Here, however, we report the synthesis of ZnO rods via a non-catalyzed vapor-solid mechanism enabled by using an aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method at 400 &#176;C with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as the precursor and ethanol as the carrier solvent. This method provides both single-step formation of ZnO rods and the possibility of their direct integration with various substrate types, including silicon, silicon-based micromachined platforms, quartz, or high heat resistant polymers. This potentially facilitates the use of this method at a large-scale, due to its compatibility with state-of-the-art microfabrication processes for device manufacture. This report also describes the properties of these structures (e.g., morphology, crystalline phase, optical band gap, chemical composition, electrical resistance) and validates its gas sensing functionality towards carbon monoxide.

Columnar zinc oxide structures in the form of rods are synthesized via aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition without the use of pre-deposited catalyst-seed particles. This method is scalable and compatible with various substrates based on either silicon, quartz or polymers.

Aerosol destekli kimyasal Buhar biriktirme Metal Oksit yapıları: çinko oksit çubuklar

Whilst columnar zinc oxide (ZnO) structures in the form of rods or wires have been synthesized previously by different liquid- or vapor-phase routes, ...

Monitoring the Effects of Illumination on the Structure of Conjugated Polymer Gels Using Neutron Scattering

We demonstrate a protocol to effectively monitor the gelation process of a high concentration solution of conjugated polymer both in the presence and absence of white light exposure. By instituting a controlled temperature ramp, the gelation of these materials can be precisely monitored as they proceed through this structural evolution, which effectively mirrors the conditions experienced during the solution deposition phase of organic electronic device fabrication. Using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small angle neutron scattering (USANS) along with appropriate fitting protocols we quantify the evolution of select structural parameters throughout this process. Thorough analysis indicates that continued light exposure throughout the gelation process significantly alters the structure of the ultimately formed gel. Specifically, the aggregation process of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) nano-scale aggregates is negatively affected by the presence of illumination, ultimately resulting in the retardation of growth in conjugated polymer microstructures and the formation of smaller scale macro-aggregate clusters.

A protocol for the analysis of gels formed from the optoelectronic conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) using small and ultra-small angle neutron scattering in both the presence and absence of illumination is presented.

Aydınlatma nötron saçılma kullanarak konjuge polimer jelleri yapısını etkilerinin izlenmesi

We demonstrate a protocol to effectively monitor the gelation process of a high concentration solution of conjugated polymer both in the presence and ...

Raman and IR Spectroelectrochemical Methods as Tools to Analyze Conjugated Organic Compounds

In the presented work, two spectroelectrochemical techniques are discussed as tools for the analysis of the structural changes occurring in the molecule on the vibrational level of energy. Raman and IR spectroelectrochemistry can be used for advanced characterization of the structural changes in the organic electroactive compounds. Here, the step-by-step analysis by means of Raman and IR spectroelectrochemistry is shown. Raman and IR spectroelectrochemical techniques provide complementary information about structural changes occurring during an electrochemical process, i.e. allows for the investigation of redox processes and their products. The examples of IR and Raman spectroelectrochemical analysis are presented, in which the products of the redox reactions, both in solution and solid state, are identified.

A protocol of step-by-step Raman and IR spectroelectrochemical analysis is presented.

Raman ve IR spektroelektrokimyasal yöntemleri araçları olarak konjuge organik bileşikler çözümlemek için

In the presented work, two spectroelectrochemical techniques are discussed as tools for the analysis of the structural changes occurring in the molecule ...