Name: fabrication of large-area free-standing ultrathin polymer films
Uploaded: 2015-06-03T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 10 min 8 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films at JoVE.com

Sözleşme DE-AC52-07NA27344 altında Lawrence Livermore Ulusal Laboratuvarı tarafından ABD Enerji Bakanlığı himayesinde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma.

1. Çözelti Hazırlama <ol><li> Bir şırınga ve bir 0.20 um şırınga filtresi kullanılarak etil laktat 60 g filtre. Etil laktat resmi polivinil 0.3 g ekleyin. 4 saat 50 ° C de fırın içine çözelti yerleştirin. Polimer tamamen çözülene olup olmadığını görmek için hafifçe sallayın flakon. <ol><li> Çözüm bulutlu ya da hala optik homojen olmayan düzensizlikleri gösteriyorsa, başka bir 2 saat boyunca fırına flakon dönün. Bu tarif, tipik olarak film kalınlıkları yaklaşık 30 nm için kullanılan bir% 0.5 ağırlık polimer çözeltisi, içindir. Daha yüksek bir polimer, ağırlık olarak içeriği ile çözüm daha kalın filmler için kullanılabilir. </li></ol></li><li> 20 ml&#39;lik bir volumetrik şişe içine PDAC reajanı 1,0 g ağırlığındaki ve deiyonize (Dİ) su ile ölçüm hattına balon doldurarak PDAC çözelti hazırlayın. Yumuşak bir depolama kabına aktarmadan önce çözelti döndürülür. </li></ol> 2. Yüzey Hazırlığı <ol><li> DİKKAT. Konsantre edilmiş sülfürik 60 ml dökünTemiz bir 250 ml&#39;lik bir deney şişesine asit elde edildi. Yavaş yavaş% 30 hidrojen peroksit 20 ml ekleyin. Geçene dumanlı, yavaşça çözüm girdap kadar bekleyin. çözüm ve beher çok sıcak olacak ve karışım korozif değildir. </li><li> Sıcak plaka üzerine 150 mm Petri kabı yerleştirin ve çanak içine asit dökün. 100 ° C&#39;ye kadar sıcak plaka ayarlayın. <ol><li> Cilalı yüzü yukarı bakacak şekilde aside 4 &#39;silikon gofret yerleştirin. Yavaşça tüm yüzey ıslatılır emin olmak için bir cımbız ile ortada gofret bastırın. 30 dakika boyunca asit içinde gofret bırakın. </li></ol></li><li> Bir cımbız ile asitten gofret çıkarın ve ön durulama ve arka gofret iyice DI su ile fışkırtma şişeden. Su düzenli bir desen levha kapalı olmalıdır. Temiz bir tezgah gofret kurutun. </li><li> Filtre montaj şırınga içine sıvı çizerek PDAC solüsyonu ile atılabilir bir 3 ml&#39;lik şırınga ve DI suyla önce 0.2 mikron filtre ve durulayın ven filtre aracılığıyla sıvıyı dışarı iterek. </li><li> Spin kaplayıcı bir temizlenmiş gofret monte edin. Şırıngaya PDAC çözümünün kadar 1.0-1.2 ml çizin ve gofret ortasında üzerine filtre olsa dağıtmak. 15 sn için 4000 rpm&#39;de döndürün, daha sonra (50 ° C&#39;ye önceden ısıtılmış) sıcak bir plaka gofret aktarmak ve 30 saniye boyunca bekletin. </li><li> DI su ile kurutulmuş PDAC katmanı durulayın ve temiz tezgah gofret kurumaya bırakın. </li></ol> 3. Film İmalatı <ol><li> Savurmalı kaplayıcının üzerine kuru PDAC ile muamele gofret yerleştirin. </li><li> Tek kullanımlık bir 3 ml&#39;lik şırınga ve 2.4&#39;de prosedür kullanılarak etil laktat çözelti) bir 0.45 mikron filtre durulayın. </li><li> Deposit sonra 200 rpm&#39;de 10 saniye boyunca gofret ve spin ortasında şırınga ile filtre boyunca etil laktat çözeltisi 2.5 mi, 1,700 rpm&#39;de (arzu edilen film kalınlığına bağlı olarak), 3 sn. Gofret üzerinde üniform bir sıvı filmi olmalıdır. </li><li> Spin kaplayıcı film kurumasını bekleyinBu (tipik olarak 10-15 dakika) gözle görülür kuruyana kadar, daha sonra 10 dakika boyunca (50 ° C&#39;ye kadar ısıtılır) bir sıcak plaka üzerine yerleştirin. </li><li> , Liftoff için tipik olarak 2 cm x 2 cm küçük kareler halinde filmler zar, fakat kullanılan film yuvasına (3.5.1-3.5.2) boyutuna bağlı olarak, daha büyük olabilir. Alternatif olarak, bir gofret boyutlu filmi (3.5.3) delaminating için iki din bilginleri yapmak. Not: Standart filmin sahipleri ortasında 13 mm çapında bir dairesel açıklık ile, 19 x 19 mm&#39;dir. Gofret boyutlu filmler için, &quot;çok ince bisküviden daha küçük 1 olan bir çapa sahip bir tel çember (bir daire haline getirilebilir, örneğin, paslanmaz çelik tel) kullanın. Filmler tipik olarak liftoff ve kabarma sırasında su absorbe çünkü bir dairesel açıklık seçilir. Filmler tutucu kurumasına gibi, su çıkarılır ve film küçülecek. Bir dairesel açıklık stresin eşit dağılım sağlar. <ol><li> Bir kesim şablonu üzerinde gofret yerleştirin. Düz e önlemek için tüm kenarları gofret daha uzun boylu olduğu bir kare şablon kullanındge gofret dokunmadan lıklar sırasında bıçak yönlendirmek için kullanılır. Dicing sırasında düz kenar yerleştirme rehberlik 2 cm aralıklarla kenarları işaretleyin. Hizalamak için iki kenarlarına gofret itin. </li><li> İki hizalama işaretleri boyunca bir cetvel yerleştirin ve filmi çizmek için düz kenarı boyunca yavaşça jilet çizin. Filmi işaretlemek için yeterli basınç uygulayın, ama çok fazla değil gofret kendisi işaretlemek ve parçacıkları üretmek. Kalın filmlerde, kesme hattı açıkça görülebilir olacak. </li><li> Gofret tek parça halinde bir film Fırlatmaya, bir jilet ile gofret kenar açıklanacaktır. Gofret iki daireden arasında rack-and-pinyon üzerine gofret kelepçe yeterince geniş bir şerit işaretleyiniz. </li></ol></li><li> DI su ile 190 x 100 mm kültür çanak doldurun. Bir eğim aşamasına monte edilmiş bir rack-and-pinyona büyük düz gofretin Kelepçe ve yavaş yavaş DI suya indirin. Film suyu hattında gofret ayrılması gerekir. <ol><li> WAF düşürücü Devamyerine su hattı altında havalanma arayüzü iterek yerine, gofret ayırmak için filmin yeterince zaman verir bir oranda er. Kareler ilk satırı gofret müstakil ve yüzeyinde yüzen olduğunda, gofret düşürücü duraklatmak. Film tamamen ayrılana kadar bir gofret boyutlu film için, gofret çeker devam edin. </li><li> Suya Film sahibinin başını daldırın ve film altına taşıyın. Film kenarlarından biri çember kolu kenarını sıraya ve film ile çember dokunmayın. Eğer başarılı olursa, film, hoop sadık olacaktır. <ol><li> Bir gofret boyutlu film için, kenardan uzak tarif bölümünün altında tel çember, sadece bir santimetre yerleştirin. Çember, yakalama başlayan film, çember etrafında sarın ve kendi üzerine geri katlayın, böylece filmin kenarı ve çember kenarı arasındaki bazı mesafeyi muhafaza önce filmin altında merkezli olduğundan emin olun. </li></ol></li><li> Bir su yavaşça çember geri çekin35 ° &#39;lik açısı. Çok yavaş sudan dışarı filmi kaldırın. Not: Filmin yaklaşık yarısı (su yüzeyine, yani normal) yaklaşık 90 ° sudan çekilmesinden sonra en az 20 nm kalınlığında filmler için, tutucu boyunca filmin çekme önlemek için açı artar. Asansör dışarı açısını değiştirirken, çember üzerinden filmin çekerek önlemek için çok yavaş yapın. </li><li> Çember tamamen geri çekildiğinde, kuruması için bir kenara koyun. Emin çember alt aşağı çember koymadan önce damla ücretsiz olun ve çember ile yüzey arasında bir sıvı mühür yaratmaktan kaçınmak için (örneğin bir gofret tepsi gibi) bir eğri yüzey kullanın. </li><li> Daha fazla kayıtsız kalamayız kareler gofret kalırsa, suya gofret düşürücü devam edip adımları tekrarlayın 3.6.1-3.6.4 yukarıda kalan kareler için. </li><li> Filmlere kuru O / N edelim. </li></ol></li></ol>

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Yazarlar ifşa hiçbir şey yok.

PDAC substrat tedavisi. Kolaylıkla olumsuz (örneğin, silikon veya cam) tahsil kaydıyla tedavi edilen veya herhangi bir boyutta substratlar, yani kendini sınırlayan elektrostatik etkileşimler dayalı 1-2 13 cm&#39;ye kadar çok büyük ince filmler (gösterir Figures edilir çapında) tek değişiklik kullanılan reaktiflerin hacmi olmak, bu protokolü kullanarak imal. Nihai elde boyutu sadece kaplama ve delaminasyon cihazları veya serbest duran yapı imal etmek için ku...

Serbest duran ince polimer filmleri 5-8. Sensörler, 1-3 MEMS&#39;ler katalizi ya da süzme, 4 ve doku mühendisliği de dahil olmak üzere çeşitli uygulamalarda kullanılır Ayrıca kapalı alan içinde polimer davranışının keşfetmek temel çalışmaları için kullanılır. 9- 13 Bir serbest duran bir film gibi halka şeklinde bir halka veya bir silikon veya cam slayt karşı çember olarak kesintili bir alt-tabaka üzerinde desteklenmiştir biridir. Bu çalışma, büyük alanlı filmler ya da yüksek verimli üretimi için uygun olan ultra ince serbest duran polimer filmler için basit, tekrar üretim işlemini tarif etmektedir. Bu poli (vinil formal), polistiren ve poli (metil metakrilat) gibi farklı polimerlerin çeşitli ile uyumludur. Bu 13 cm çap kadar büyük ya da 10 nm kadar ince serbest duran filmler imal etmek için de kullanılabilir. serbest duran polimerlerin imalatı üç temel aşamadan oluşmaktadır: 1) dgeleneksel bir alt-tabaka üzerine polimer filmin eposition bir destek üzerine bir gofret veya saydam, 2) serbest bırakılması ya da alt-tabaka filmin liftoff ve elde edilen film 3) yakalama gibi. Bu yazıda çeşitli bırakma yöntemleri konusunda daha önceki bir çalışmada bildirilen bir prosedürü göstermektedir. 14 Biriktirme gibi spin kaplama, buhar biriktirme veya daldırmalı kaplama gibi temel polimer ince film teknolojisi herhangi bir sayıda elde edilebilir. Bu çalışmada, standart spin-kaplama teknikleri kullanmaktadır. Tekniği &quot;lift dışı float&quot;, uygun bir solvent banyosuna daldırılır Bu teknik, film ve alt-tabaka olarak en yaygın olarak alt-tabaka arasında bir çok ince bir film bırakmak için bir yöntem. 15&#39;dir. Solvent, film şişen ve filmin serbest ve banyo içerisinde en üstünde yüzmesini sağlayan kendiliğinden delaminasyona yol açmaktadır. minimum film kalınlığı canasansör kullanarak yayımladı edilmesi off-şamandıra şişme kaynaklı gerilme enerjisi ile arayüzey soyma enerjisini dengelemek suretiyle belirlenir tarih: 16 <img alt="Denklem 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/52832/52832eq1.jpg" width="200" /> (1) L film kalınlığı olduğunda, ν f filmin Poisson oranı, E filmin Young modülü olup, ξ filmin şişme oranı ve γ soyulması ara yüzey enerjisidir. Denklem tarafından uygulanan sınırlama atlamak için tipik bir şekilde (1) film ve alt-tabaka arasında bir yerleştirme geçici ara tabaka yatırmak için. 17-20, bu ara tabaka, bir solvent banyosuna çözündüğü zaman, filmin serbest bırakılır ve bir destek üzerinde yakalanabilir . İlgili bir yöntem kurban katman pr üzerine filmin mekanik soyma kullanır kurban üstteki tabaka yöntemidirdağılmasına IOR. 21 kurbanlık malzemelerin kullanımı birkaç baş sakıncaları vardır. İlk olarak, bir ilave işlemi malzeme ve adım eklenmesi uygun bir film üretim koşulları ve geçici malzemenin işlem koşulları arasında bir uzlaşma gerektirebilir. İkincisi, kurbanlık malzemeler nihai serbest duran filmin mekanik özelliklerini veya saflığını etkilemeden mevduat zor olabilir. Üçüncüsü, kurbanlık malzeme yatırma işlemi optimize edilmiş ve genel serbest duran bir film üretiminde bir operasyon olarak kalite açısından takip edilmelidir. 14 Bu çalışmada, ultra ince filmler için kullanılacak off-şamandıra tekniği asansör sağlayarak, arayüzey soyma enerjisini azaltan bir yüzey modifikasyonu tekniğini açıklar. yerleştirme alt-tabaka polikatyon polydiallyldiammonium klorür (PDAC) içindeki bir kendi kendini sınırlayan, kendinden optimize yakın tek tabaka monte edilmesiyle modifiye edilir. Nedeniylepolikatyon ve alt-tabaka arasındaki bağlanmanın kuvveti, bu yüzey modifikasyonu takip eden işlem adımlarına sağlamdır. yakın tek tabaka oluşumu kendini sınırlayan ve kendini optimize doğa hemen hemen sıfır optimizasyon gerektirir ve geniş alanlara kolayca ölçeklenebilir. Çıkarıldıktan sonra, film, bir çember gibi bir destek üzerinde yakalanır solvent banyosuna üst kısmında yüzen. Kaybolmamış literatüründe çok dikkat verilmez iken, bu çalışmada biz sulanma veya başka filmin zarar olasılığını azaltmak destekte geniş alan filmleri yakalamak için teknikler anlatacağız.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Vinylec E</td><td>SPI</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ethyl lactate, &gt;98%, FCC, FG</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>W244007-1KG-K</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4&quot; silicon wafers &amp;lt;100&gt;, Single side polished</td><td>International Wafer Service</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>sulfuric acid, 98%, ACS reagent grade</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>320501-6X500ML</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>hydrogen peroxide, 30%, semiconductor grade</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>316989-3.7L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>isopropanol, ACS grade, 4 L</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A464-4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>dichloromethane, ACS grade</td><td>Alfa-Aesar</td><td>22917</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>deionized water, distilled</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PDAC reagent (Sigma-Aldrich 409014)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>409014</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spin Coater</td><td>Laurell Technologies&amp;nbsp;</td><td>WS-650-23</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Barnstead/Thermolyne Super Nuova explosion-proof hot plate&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>explosion-proof forced air oven</td><td>VWR&amp;nbsp;</td><td>1330 FMS&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>balance with a range of 1&amp;nbsp;mg to 1,020&amp;nbsp;g</td><td>Mettler Toledo</td><td>MS1003S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>reflectance spectrometer</td><td>Filmetrics</td><td>F20-UV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>manipulator consisting of a Klinger tilt stage, a Brinkman rack-and-pinion and a lab jack&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cutting tool/template, LLNL-built, no drawings</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>straight edge, LLNL, no drawings</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tent hoop, LLNL</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>culture dish 190 mm x 100 mm, Pyrex</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20 ml beaker, Pyrex</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>250 ml beaker, Pyrex</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1,000 ml beaker, Pyrex</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>60 ml glass vial with plastic stopper&amp;nbsp;</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Petri dish, 150 mm diameter x2, Pyrex</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>600 ml beaker x2, Pyrex</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>tweezers, stainless steel</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>cutting blade</td><td>Exacto</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>clean room wipes</td><td>Contec&amp;nbsp;</td><td>PNHS-99</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>polyester knit 9/91 IPA/DI water wipes</td><td>Contec&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Prosat&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fluoroware wafer trays</td><td>Ted Pella</td><td>1395-40</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nylon Micro fiber (camel hair)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Disposable BD 3-ml plastic syringe</td><td>VWR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.2 &amp;#956;m Luer-lock PTFE filters</td><td>Acrodisc&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.45 &amp;#956;m Luer-lock PTFE filters</td><td>Acrodisc&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

fabrication of large-area free-standing ultrathin polymer films

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films. Typically, ultrathin films are prepared using either sacrificial layers, which may damage the film or affect its mechanical properties, or they are made on freshly cleaved mica, a substrate that is difficult to scale. Further, the size of ultrathin film is typically limited to a few square millimeters. In this method, we modify a surface with a polyelectrolyte that alters the strength of adhesion between polymer and deposition substrate. The polyelectrolyte can be shown to remain on the wafer using spectroscopy, and a treated wafer can be used to produce multiple films, indicating that at best minimal amounts of the polyelectrolyte are added to the film. The process has thus far been shown to be limited in scalability only by the size of the coating equipment, and is expected to be readily scalable to industrial processes. In this study, the protocol for making the solutions, preparing the deposition surface, and producing the films is described.

Şekil 1, geniş bir alan üzerinde bir serbest-duran ince bir polimer filmin bir örneği göstermektedir. Bu 55 nm kalınlığında polivinil resmi filmi prosedürü burada açıklanan ve 13 cm çapında çelik çember üzerine monte edilmiştir kullanılarak imal edilmiştir. delaminasyon filmin yırtılmaya yol kusurları tanıtan olmadan büyük alanlar üzerinde gerçekleşir. Böylece, polivinilformal içsel gücü çok ince filmler için bile kullanılabilir. Şekil 2 ve&gt; 3x1...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films at JoVE.com

Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films

We describe a method for the fabrication of large-area (up to 13 cm diameter) and ultrathin (as thin as 8 nm) polymer films. Instead of using a sacrificial interlayer to delaminate the film from its substrate, we use a self-limiting surface treatment suitable for arbitrarily large areas.

Geniş alanlı Fabrikasyon Ultrathin Polimer Filmler Serbest ayakta

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films.  Typically, ultrathin films are prepared ...

fabrication-of-large-area-free-standing-ultrathin-polymer-films

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

15.2K Görüntüleme.  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. We describe a method for the fabrication of large-area (up to 13 cm diameter) and ultrathin (as thin as 8 nm) polymer films. Instead of using a sacrificial interlayer to delaminate the film from its substrate, we use a self-limiting surface treatment suitable for arbitrarily large areas.

Video: Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films

Micropunching Lithography for Generating Micro- and Submicron-patterns on Polymer Substrates

Conducting polymers have attracted great attention since the discovery of high conductivity in doped polyacetylene in 19771. They offer the advantages of low weight, easy tailoring of properties and a wide spectrum of applications2,3. Due to sensitivity of conducting polymers to environmental conditions (e.g., air, oxygen, moisture, high temperature and chemical solutions), lithographic techniques present significant technical challenges when working with these materials4. For example, current photolithographic methods, such as ultra-violet (UV), are unsuitable for patterning the conducting polymers due to the involvement of wet and/or dry etching processes in these methods. In addition, current micro/nanosystems mainly have a planar form5,6. One layer of structures is built on the top surfaces of another layer of fabricated features. Multiple layers of these structures are stacked together to form numerous devices on a common substrate. The sidewall surfaces of the microstructures have not been used in constructing devices. On the other hand, sidewall patterns could be used, for example, to build 3-D circuits, modify fluidic channels and direct horizontal growth of nanowires and nanotubes.
A macropunching method has been applied in the manufacturing industry to create macropatterns in a sheet metal for over a hundred years. Motivated by this approach, we have developed a micropunching lithography method (MPL) to overcome the obstacles of patterning conducting polymers and generating sidewall patterns. Like the macropunching method, the MPL also includes two operations (Fig. 1): (i) cutting; and (ii) drawing. The "cutting" operation was applied to pattern three conducting polymers4, polypyrrole (PPy), Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen)-poly(4-styrenesulphonate) (PEDOT) and polyaniline (PANI). It was also employed to create Al microstructures7. The fabricated microstructures of conducting polymers have been used as humidity8, chemical8, and glucose sensors9. Combined microstructures of Al and conducting polymers have been employed to fabricate capacitors and various heterojunctions9,10,11. The "cutting" operation was also applied to generate submicron-patterns, such as 100- and 500-nm-wide PPy lines as well as 100-nm-wide Au wires. The "drawing" operation was employed for two applications: (i) produce Au sidewall patterns on high density polyethylene (HDPE) channels which could be used for building 3D microsystems12,13,14, and (ii) fabricate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropillars on HDPE substrates to increase the contact angle of the channel15.

A micropunching lithography approach is developed to generate micro- and submicron-patterns on top, sidewall and bottom surfaces of polymer substrates. It overcomes the obstacles of patterning conducting polymers and generating sidewall patterns. This method allows rapid fabrication of multiple features and is free of aggressive chemistry.

Mikro ve mikron altı-desen Polimer yüzeyler üzerine oluşturuluyor için Litografi Micropunching

Conducting polymers have attracted great attention since the discovery of high conductivity in doped polyacetylene in 19771. They offer the advantages of ...

Mühendislik

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation

Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and lignin. Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process which relies on the assembly of oppositely charged molecules from aqueous solutions was used to build a freestanding composite film of isolated wood polymers of lignin and oxidized nanofibril cellulose (NFC). To facilitate the assembly of these negatively charged polymers, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammomium chloride) (PDDA), was used as a linking layer to create this simplified model cell wall. The layered adsorption process was studied quantitatively using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and ellipsometry. The results showed that layer mass/thickness per adsorbed layer increased as a function of total number of layers. The surface coverage of the adsorbed layers was studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Complete coverage of the surface with lignin in all the deposition cycles was found for the system, however, surface coverage by NFC increased with the number of layers. The adsorption process was carried out for 250 cycles (500 bilayers) on a cellulose acetate (CA) substrate. Transparent free-standing LBL assembled nanocomposite films were obtained when the CA substrate was later dissolved in acetone. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle (PDDA-Lignin-PDDA-NC) was estimated to be 17 nm for two different lignin types used in the study. The data indicates a film with highly controlled architecture where nanocellulose and lignin are spatially deposited on the nanoscale (a polymer-polymer nanocomposites), similar to what is observed in the native cell wall.

The objective of this research was to form synthetic plant cell wall tissue using layer-by-layer assembly of nanocellulose fibrils and isolated lignin assembled from dilute aqueous suspensions.&#160; Surface measurement techniques of quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy were used to monitor the formation of the polymer-polymer nanocomposite material.

Nanocellulose, Lignin Fabrikasyon Serbest duran Filmler ve Sentetik polikatiyon: Biomimicking Wood Doğru

Woody materials are comprised of plant cell walls that contain a layered secondary cell wall composed of structural polymers of polysaccharides and ...

Kimya

Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes

CMP as large surface area materials have attracted growing interest recently, due to their high variability in the incorporation of functional groups in combination with their outstanding thermal and chemical stability, and low densities. However, their insoluble nature causes problems in their processing since usually applied techniques such as spin coating are not available. Especially for membrane applications, where the processing of CMP as thin films is desirable, the processing problems have hindered their commercial application.
Here we describe the interfacial synthesis of CMP thin films on functionalized substrates via molecular layer-by-layer (l-b-l) synthesis. This process allows the preparation of films with desired thickness and composition and even desired composition gradients.
The use of sacrificial supports allows the preparation of freestanding membranes by dissolution of the support after the synthesis. To handle such ultra-thin freestanding membranes the protection with sacrificial coatings showed great promise, to avoid rupture of the nanomembranes. To transfer the nanomembranes to the desired substrate, the coated membranes are upfloated at the air-liquid interface and then transferred via dip coating.

In this paper we describe the interfacial synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) on sacrificial substrates, and the dissolution of the substrate for the preparation of freestanding CMP nanomembranes. In addition, we will describe how the fragile nanomembranes can be transferred to other substrates.

Katman-katman Sentezi ve Müstakil Konjuge mikro gözenekli polimer Nanomembranlar Devri

CMP as large surface area materials have attracted growing interest recently, due to their high variability in the incorporation of functional groups in ...

Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. Conductive polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT), and a semiconducting polymer, poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PTT), were deposited on unconventional highly-disordered and textured substrates with high surface areas, such as paper, towels and fabrics. This reported deposition chamber is an improvement of previous vapor reactors because our system can accommodate both volatile and nonvolatile monomers, such as 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene. Utilization of both solid and liquid oxidants are also demonstrated. One limitation of this method is that it lacks sophisticated in situ thickness monitors. Polymer coatings made by the commonly used solution-based coating methods, such as spin-coating and surface grafting, are often not uniform or susceptible to mechanical degradation. This reported vapor phase deposition method overcomes those drawbacks and is a strong alternative to common solution-based coating methods. Notably, polymer films coated by the reported method are uniform and conformal on rough surfaces, even at a micrometer scale. This feature allows for future application of vapor deposited polymers in electronics devices on flexible and highly textured substrates.

This paper presents a protocol for reactive vapor deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene), and poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) films on glass slides and rough substrates, such as textiles and paper.

Reaktif Buhar biriktirme rasgele yüzeylerde konjuge polimer filmleri

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. ...

Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition

Ultra-thin film structures have been studied extensively for use as optical coatings, but performance and fabrication challenges remain.&#160; We present an advanced method for fabricating ultra-thin color films with improved characteristics. The proposed process addresses several fabrication issues, including large area processing. Specifically, the protocol describes a process for fabricating ultra-thin color films using an electron beam evaporator for oblique angle deposition of germanium (Ge) and gold (Au) on silicon (Si) substrates.&#160; Film porosity produced by the oblique angle deposition induces color changes in the ultra-thin film. The degree of color change depends on factors such as deposition angle and film thickness. Fabricated samples of the ultra-thin color films showed improved color tunability and color purity. In addition, the measured reflectance of the fabricated samples was converted into chromatic values and analyzed in terms of color. Our ultra-thin film fabricating method is expected to be used for various ultra-thin film applications such as flexible color electrodes, thin film solar cells, and optical filters. Also, the process developed here for analyzing the color of the fabricated samples is broadly useful for studying various color structures.

We present a detailed method for fabricating ultra-thin color films with improved characteristics for optical coatings. The oblique angle deposition technique using an electron beam evaporator allows improved color tunability and purity. Fabricated films of Ge and Au on Si substrates were analyzed by reflectance measurements and color information conversion.

Eğik açısı ifade kullanarak medya yüksek emici ile Ultra ince renk filmleri imalatı

Ultra-thin film structures have been studied extensively for use as optical coatings, but performance and fabrication challenges remain.&#160; We present ...

Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers

In this paper, fabrication methods that generate novel surfaces using the azlactone-based block co-polymer, poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly (vinyl dimethyl azlactone) (PGMA-b-PVDMA), are presented. Due to the high reactivity of azlactone groups towards amine, thiol, and hydroxyl groups, PGMA-b-PVDMA surfaces can be modified with secondary molecules to create chemically or biologically functionalized interfaces for a variety of applications. Previous reports of patterned PGMA-b-PVDMA interfaces have used traditional top-down patterning techniques that generate non-uniform films and poorly controlled background chemistries. Here, we describe customized patterning techniques that enable precise deposition of highly uniform PGMA-b-PVDMA films in backgrounds that are chemically inert or that have biomolecule-repellent properties. Importantly, these methods are designed to deposit PGMA-b-PVDMA films in a manner that completely preserves azlactone functionality through each processing step. Patterned films show well-controlled thicknesses that correspond to polymer brushes (~90 nm) or to highly crosslinked structures (~1-10 &#956;m). Brush patterns are generated using either the parylene lift-off or interface directed assembly methods described and are useful for precise modulation of overall chemical surface reactivity by adjusting either the PGMA-b-PVDMA pattern density or the length of the VDMA block. In contrast, the thick, crosslinked PGMA-b-PVDMA patterns are obtained using a customized micro-contact printing technique and offer the benefit of higher loading or capture of secondary material due to higher surface area to volume ratios. Detailed experimental steps, critical film characterizations, and trouble-shooting guides for each fabrication method are discussed.

Surface fabrication methods for patterned deposition of nanometer thick brushes or micron thick, crosslinked films of an azlactone block co-polymer are reported. Critical experimental steps, representative results, and limitations of each method are discussed. These methods are useful for creating functional interfaces with tailored physical features and tunable surface reactivity.

Fırça benzeri ile reaktif yüzeyler imalatı ve Azlactone Functionalized blok ortak polimerler çapraz filmleri

In this paper, fabrication methods that generate novel surfaces using the azlactone-based block co-polymer, poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly (vinyl ...

Thin Film Composite Silicon Elastomers for Cell Culture and Skin Applications: Manufacturing and Characterization

In this protocol, we present methods to fabricate thin elastomer composite films for advanced cell culture applications and for the development of skin adhesives. Two different poly-(dimethyl siloxanes) (PDMS and soft skin adhesive (SSA)), have been used for in depth investigation of biological effects and adhesive characteristics. The composite films consist of a flexible backing layer and an adhesive top coating. Both layers have been manufactured by doctor blade application technique. In the present investigation, the adhesive behavior of the composite films has been investigated as a function of the layer thickness or a variation of the Young&#39;s modulus of the top layer. The Young&#39;s modulus of PDMS has been changed by varying the base to crosslinker mixing ratio. In addition, the thickness of SSA films has been varied from approx. 16 &#181;m to approx. 320 &#181;m. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy have been used for thickness measurements. The adhesive properties of elastomer films depend strongly on the film thickness, the Young&#39;s modulus of the polymers and surface characteristics. Therefore, normal adhesion of these films on glass substrates exhibiting smooth and rough surfaces has been investigated. Pull-off stress and work of separation are dependent on the mixing ratio of silicone elastomers.
Additionally, the thickness of the soft skin adhesive placed on top of a supportive backing layer has been varied in order to produce patches for skin applications. Cytotoxicity, proliferation and cellular adhesion of L929 murine fibroblasts on PDMS films (mixing ratio 10:1) and SSA films (mixing ratio 50:50) have been conducted. We have shown here, for the first time, the side by side comparison of thin composite films manufactured of both polymers and present the investigation of their biological- and adhesive properties.

A protocol for the manufacturing process of polymeric thin film composite structures possessing either different Young&#39;s moduli or thicknesses is presented. Films are produced for advanced cell culture studies or as skin adhesives.

İnce Film kompozit silikon elastomer hücre kültürü ve cilt uygulamaları için: üretim ve karakterizasyonu

In this protocol, we present methods to fabricate thin elastomer composite films for advanced cell culture applications and for the development of skin ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

Procedure for the Transfer of Polymer Films Onto Porous Substrates with Minimized Defects

The fabrication of devices containing thin film composite membranes necessitates the transfer of these films onto the surfaces of arbitrary support substrates. Accomplishing this transfer in a highly controlled, mechanized, and reproducible manner can eliminate the creation of macroscale defect structures (e.g., tears, cracks, and wrinkles) within the thin film that compromise device performance and the usable area per sample. Here, we describe a general protocol for the highly controlled and mechanized transfer of a polymeric thin film onto an arbitrary porous support substrate for eventual use as a water filtration membrane device. Specifically, we fabricate a block copolymer (BCP) thin film on top of a sacrificial, water-soluble poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) layer and silicon wafer substrate. We then utilize a custom-designed, 3D-printed transfer tool and drain chamber system to deposit, lift-off, and transfer the BCP thin film onto the center of a porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) support disc. The transferred BCP thin film is shown to be consistently placed onto the center of the support surface due to the guidance of the meniscus formed between the water and the 3D-printed plastic drain chamber. We also compare our mechanized transfer-processed thin films to those that have been transferred by hand with the use of tweezers. Optical inspection and image analysis of the transferred thin films from the mechanized process confirm that little-to-no macroscale inhomogeneities or plastic deformations are produced, as compared to the multitude of tears and wrinkles produced from manual transfer by hand. Our results suggest that the proposed strategy for thin film transfer can reduce defects when compared to other methods across many systems and applications.

We present a procedure for highly controlled and wrinkle-free transfer of block copolymer thin films onto porous support substrates using a 3D-printed drain chamber. The drain chamber design is of general relevance to all procedures involving transfer of macromolecular films onto porous substrates, which is normally done by hand in an irreproducible fashion.

Polimer filmlerin küçültülmüş kusurlarla gözenekli substratlar üzerine aktarımı için prosedür

The fabrication of devices containing thin film composite membranes necessitates the transfer of these films onto the surfaces of arbitrary support ...

A Femtoliter Droplet Array for Massively Parallel Protein Synthesis from Single DNA Molecules

Advances in spatial resolution and detection sensitivity of scientific instrumentation make it possible to apply small reactors for biological and chemical research. To meet the demand for high-performance microreactors, we developed a femtoliter droplet array (FemDA) device and exemplified its application in massively parallel cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reactions. Over one million uniform droplets were readily generated within a finger-sized area using a two-step oil-sealing protocol. Every droplet was anchored in a femtoliter microchamber composed of a hydrophilic bottom and a hydrophobic sidewall. The hybrid hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic structure and the dedicated sealing oils and surfactants are crucial for stably retaining the femtoliter aqueous solution in the femtoliter space without evaporation loss. The femtoliter configuration and the simple structure of the FemDA device allowed minimal reagent consumption. The uniform dimension of the droplet reactors made large-scale quantitative and time-course measurements convincing and reliable. The FemDA technology correlated the protein yield of the CFPS reaction with the number of DNA molecules in each droplet. We streamlined the procedures about the microfabrication of the device, the formation of the femtoliter droplets, and the acquisition and analysis of the microscopic image data. The detailed protocol with the optimized low running cost makes the FemDA technology accessible to everyone who has standard cleanroom facilities and a conventional fluorescence microscope in their own place.

The overall goal of the protocol is to prepare over one million ordered, uniform, stable, and biocompatible femtoliter droplets on a 1 cm2 planar substrate that can be used for cell-free protein synthesis.

Tek DNA Moleküllerinden Kitlesel Paralel Protein Sentezi için Femtolitre Damlacık Dizisi

Advances in spatial resolution and detection sensitivity of scientific instrumentation make it possible to apply small reactors for biological and ...

A Simple and Scalable Fabrication Method for Organic Electronic Devices on Textiles

Today, wearable electronics devices combine a large variety of functional, stretchable, and flexible technologies. However, in many cases, these devices cannot be worn under everyday conditions. Therefore, textiles are commonly considered the best substrate to accommodate electronic devices in wearable use. In this paper, we describe how to selectively pattern organic electroactive materials on textiles from a solution in an easy and scalable manner. This versatile deposition technique enables the fabrication of wearable organic electronic devices on clothes.

In this paper, we present a protocol to selectively deposit organic materials on textiles, which allows for the direct integration of organic electronic devices with wearables. The fabricated devices can be fully integrated in textiles, respecting their mechanical appearance and enabling sensing capabilities.

Tekstil Organik Elektronik Cihazlar Basit ve Ölçeklenebilir Fabrikasyon Yöntemi

Today, wearable electronics devices combine a large variety of functional, stretchable, and flexible technologies. However, in many cases, these devices ...