Yazar Annette Blak Rasmussen ve Kristine Moeller teknik verdikleri destek için teşekkür istiyor

Sağlıklı yetişkin gönüllü plastik cerrahisi uygulanan deri örnekleri koleksiyon ana bilgisayar kurumlarında etik kurul onayı gerektirir. Bu iletişim kuralı bölgesel Etik Komitesi, bölge Midtjylland tarafından Danimarka (M-20110027) kabul edildi. Burada açıklanan yöntemi Maciaq vd tarafından benzer çalışmalardan elde edilir 10 ve Liu ve Karasek11.
1. insan deri lenfositi yalıtım
<ol>
	<li>Başlatmak aşağıdaki çözümleri yaparak: 50 mL solüsyon % 0.25 tripsin ve % 0.1 glikoz DPBS içinde. Mix ve filtre (0.2 µm) çözüm sterilize. RPMI-1640 + % 2 FBS çözüm, DPBS ve keratinosit serum-Alerjik orta (KSFM) 50 mL 10 mL hazırlayın. KSFM takviyeleri ve 250 µL viomisin, 500 mL KSFM ekleyin. 37 ° C kullanmadan önce için çözümleri önceden ısıtmak.</li>
	<li>Cilt sağlıklı yetişkin gönüllüler plastik cerrahisi uygulanan toplamak. Kullanılan deri örnekleri yaklaşık 10 cm x 15 cm, vardır ama boyutu değişebilir. Ulaşım altında deri serin deri örnekleri soğutma bir öğeyi içeren bir Styrofoam kutusu taşıma tarafından tutmak. Gerekirse, deri örneği 4 ° C'de gecede depolanabilir.</li>
	<li>Steril makas, neşter ve forseps kullanarak cilt bölümü altında gelen yağ çıkarmak.</li>
	<li>Cilt bölümü (yaklaşık 10 cm x 15 cm) steril bir kapak iğneleri kullanarak bir plaka üzerine toka. Önce Cilt Kuru steril gazlı bez pad ile temizleyin. Sonra deri % 70 etanol ile steril gazlı bez pad kullanarak temiz.</li>
	<li>Bir ayak planer kullanarak, Cilt bölüm üst tabakası (epidermis) kesin ve bir 9 cm Petri kabına yerleştirin. O zaman, hemen 25 mL (1.1 adımda hazırlanan) DPBS/tripsin/glukoz çözeltisi Petri kabına ekleyin. 37 ° C'de 30 dk için kuluçkaya</li>
	<li>Bir pipet kullanarak DPBS/tripsin/glikoz çözüm Petri kabına kaldırın ve 10 mL RPMI-1640 + %2 FBS tripsin devre dışı bırakın ekleyin.</li>
	<li>İki forseps kullanarak, şimdi epidermal hücrelerin orta yavaşça kazıma ve epidermal ve deri bölümleri dermal bölmesinin Tantanacı serbest.</li>
	<li>Epidermal hücre süspansiyon bir metal filtre (1 mm delik boyutu) filtre ve bir 50 mL tüp içinde toplamak. RPMI-1640 FBS ve girdap olmadan 10 mL süspansiyon ile metal filtre epidermal hücre süspansiyon içeren bir 50 mL tüp içine 10 s. filtre içeren bir 50 mL tüp için geri kalan cilt bölümleri ekleyin. DPBS toplam hacmi 50 mL için ekleyin.</li>
	<li>Hücre süspansiyon vasıl 450 x g oda sıcaklığında 10 dakika santrifüj kapasitesi.</li>
	<li>Süpernatant kaldırmak ve epidermal hücre Pelet 37 ° C KSFM hücre Pelet boyutuna bağlı olarak yaklaşık 10 ml resuspend. Trypan boyama yöntemi mikroskop altında mavi kullanarak hücreleri saymak. Yaklaşık 50-100 x 106 hücre hücre bir 10 cm x 15 cm cilt bölümünden elde edilen sayıdır. Her 75 cm2 kültür şişesi için 8 x 106 hücreleri ile birlikte 37 ° C KSFM 12 mL aktarın. Yavaşça hücrelerin tekdüze dağılım sağlamak için kültür şişeler sallamak.</li>
	<li>%100 nem oranı ve % 5 CO237 ° C kuluçka lenfositi kuluçkaya. Orta 2 gün ve üç kez haftalık sonra değiştirin. Geçiş hücreleri lenfositi proliferasyon oranını bağlı olarak yaklaşık 2 hafta sürer % 70-80 birleşmesi kültürdür.</li>
</ol>
2. passaging keratinositler
<ol>
	<li>Bir kuluçka 37 ° C'de % 0.05 tripsin-EDTA çözüm uygun miktarda ısı. 4.5 mL % 0.05 tripsin-EDTA çözeltisi bir 75 cm2 kültür şişesi için kullanın.</li>
	<li>Orta hücrelerden kaldırın ve 4.5 mL/75 cm2 kültür şişesi % 0.05 tripsin-EDTA çözüm hücrelere önceden ısınmış ekleyin. İnkübatör (37 ° C) kültür şişeye koyun ve hücreleri gevşeme başlattıysanız yaklaşık 5 dakika sonra mikroskop altında kontrol edin.</li>
	<li>Hücreleri yaklaşık % 50'si gevşetti, hafifçe kalan hücreleri gevşetmek için el karşı kültür şişeye çarptı. Sonra tripsin devre dışı bırakabilirsiniz için 75 cm2 kültür şişesi için 6 mL RPMI-1640 + %2 FBS (37 ° C) ekleyin ve hücre süspansiyon 50 mL tüpler için transfer.</li>
	<li>Kültür şişeler RPMI 1640 + %2 3 mL ile durulayın FBS ve 50 mL tüpler için ekleyin. Hücreler için 450 x g oda sıcaklığında 10 dakika santrifüj kapasitesi.
	<ol>
		<li>KSFM (37 ° C) 10 mL pelleted hücrelerde resuspend. Hücreleri saymak ve 3 x 106 hücreler bir 150 cm2 kültür şişesi ile birlikte KSFM (37 ° C) 20 mL transfer. Yavaşça hücrelerin tekdüze dağılım sağlamak için kültür şişeyi sallayın. Kültür bağlı olarak (bkz: Bölüm 3, iletişim kuralı aşağıdaki buz gibi) lenfositi nükleer silahların yayılmasına karşı oranı yaklaşık 4-6 gün sürer % 80-90 birleşmesi olduğunda hücreleri dondur. Keratinositler uygun dondurulmuş hisse oluşturmak için genişletin.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>
3. lenfositi dondurulması
<ol>
	<li>Bir kuluçka 37 ° C'de % 0.05 tripsin-EDTA çözüm uygun miktarda ısı. 9 mL % 0.05 tripsin-EDTA çözeltisi 150 cm2 kültür şişesi için kullanın.</li>
	<li>Orta hücrelerden kaldırın ve 9 mL/150 cm2 kültür şişesi % 0.05 tripsin-EDTA çözüm hücrelere önceden ısınmış ekleyin. İnkübatör (37 ° C) kültür şişeye koyun ve hücreleri gevşeme başlattıysanız yaklaşık 5 dakika sonra mikroskop altında kontrol edin.</li>
	<li>Hücreleri yaklaşık % 50'si gevşetti, yavaşça kültür şişeye el karşı kalan hücreleri gevşetmek için çarptı. O zaman, tripsin devre dışı bırakabilirsiniz için 150 cm2 kültür şişesi için 12 mL RPMI-1640 + %2 FBS (37 ° C) ekleyin ve hücre süspansiyon 50 mL tüpler için Aspire edin.</li>
	<li>Kültür şişeler RPMI 1640 + %2 6 mL ile durulayın FBS ve 50 mL tüpler için ekleyin. 450 x g 4 ° C'de 10 dakika için tüpler santrifüj kapasitesi Orta (KSFM + % 10 DMSO) soğuk buz gibi hücre hazırlayın.</li>
	<li>Hücre Pelet KSFM + % 10 DMSO resuspend, hücreleri saymak ve hücreleri bir yoğunluk olarak 6 x 106 hücre/mL standart yavaş dondurma dondurma yöntemleri12kullanarak, Don.</li>
	<li>Keratinositler sıvı azot (Buhar fazı) kullanıma hazır kadar saklayın.</li>
</ol>
4. çözülme ve donmuş lenfositi kültür
<ol>
	<li>Hızla bir 37 ° C su banyosu uygun dondurulmuş şişeleri çözülme. % 70 etanol cryovial dışını temizlemek için kullanın. Hücreleri (yaklaşık 15.000 hücreler/cm2) uygun sayıda bir kültür şişesi aktarmak ve hemen kültür şişeye Önceden ısıtılmış büyüme orta (KSFM) ekleyin. Kültür şişeler herhangi bir boyut deneme kurulumuna bağlı olarak kullanılabilir.</li>
	<li>5 mL kültür orta bir 25 cm2 kültür şişesi için kullanın.</li></ol>Hücre sayısı hücrelerinin büyümesini donör donör değiştiğinden kültür şişeye değişebilir eklendi. Hücreleri %100 nem oranı ve % 5 CO237 ° C kuluçka kuluçkaya.
	<li>Değişim orta 2 gün sonra ve üç kez haftalık taze Önceden ısıtılmış KSFM kullanarak. Not: Bizim veri ortalama burada açıklanan protokol tarafından izole hücreler % 95'i keratinosit-marker cytokeratine-1413için olumlu olduğunu gösterdi.</li>

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. Yazar hiçbir çıkar çatışması vardır.

Burada, kolayca yetişkin cilt üzerinden birincil insan lenfositi yalıtmak ve onları vitrokültür anlatan. Bu model epidermal hücre biyolojisi incelenmesi için geniş bir uygulama olabilir ve araştırmacılar Kutanöz hastalıkları okumak isteyen için yararlı olabilir.
Burada açıklanan protokol avantajları bir kısmı yeni doğan erkek sünnet geçiren elde yenidoğan sünnet derisi üzerinden izole lenfositi aksine yetişkin hastalarda birincil insan lenfositi hem erkek ...

Deri insan vücudunun en büyük organı ve dış çevreye karşı koruyucu bir bariyer görevi görür. Deri iki ana katmandan oluşur: dermis ve epidermis nerede epidermis derinin en dış tabakası oluşturan,. Epidermisin en bol bulunan hücre türü hücre kitle1,%295'den fazla oluşan lenfositi değil. Keratinositler farklılaşma epidermisin içinde çeşitli aşamalarında korunur ve farklılaşma3belirli aşamalarında karşılık Bazal, spinöz, taneli ve cornified katmanlar halinde düzenlenir. Keratinositler birincil işlevi böylece dış dünyaya sağlam bir bariyer üreten epidermis, yapısal bütünlüğünü sağlamaktır.
Keratinositler da deride patojenlere karşı savunma ilk satırı temsil eder ve bu nedenle doğuştan gelen bağışıklık yanıtı4,5' te önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Keratinositler pozlama dış uyaranlara karşı harekete geçirmek için hücre içi sinyal yolları ve daha sonra üretim, sitokinler, kemokinler ve antimikrobiyal peptidler gibi çeşitli inflamatuar aracılar birkaç açar. Bu keratinosit kaynaklı proteinler alımı ve dendritik hücreler, nötrofil ve belirli T hücreleri6,7gibi bağışıklık hücreleri aktive tarafından inflamatuar yanıt olarak katılmak. Böylece, keratinositler çok sayıda biyolojik işlemlerinde çok önemli bir rol oynamak çünkü burada sunulan teknik arkasındaki mantığı deri Biyoloji çalışmaya bir vitro modeli oluşturmak için idi. Yenidoğan sünnet derisi elde edilen birincil keratinosit kültürler genellikle deri Biyoloji8,9incelemek için kullanılır. Ancak, burada açıklanan tekniği ile lenfositi üzerinden her iki cinsiyette hücreleri daha yüksek bir biyolojik çeşitlilik sonucu elde edilir.
Burada, yalıtım ve yetişkin deri, birincil insan lenfositi nesil için detaylı bir protokolü keratinositler dondurma ve bakım dahil olmak üzere mevcut. Bu yöntem genel amacı Kutanöz Biyoloji içinde vitroçalışma için bir model olarak kullanılan birincil insan lenfositi üretmektir.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="621">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">KSFM</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17005-034</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Cell culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">KSFM supplements</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">37000-015</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Supplements for KSFM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">DPBS</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14190-144</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">DPBS without Calcium and Magnesium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D8418</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Dimethyl sulfoxid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Gentamycin</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15710-049</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Cell culture medium additive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Sterilization filter</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Sartorius</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16534</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Syringe filter with a pore size of 0.2 &#181;m</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Trypsin</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T7409</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Used to trypsinize cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Glucose</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G7528</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">RPMI-1640</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">61870-010</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">FBS</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16000044</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Used to inactivate trypsin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Forceps from any company can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Scissors from any company can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Scalpel</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Swann Morton</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">0501</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Scalpels from any company can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">70% ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Gauze pads</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NOBAMED</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">875420</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Gauze pads from any provider can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Foot planer</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Credo Solingen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1510</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Foot planer from any provider can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Petri dishes</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TPP</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">93100</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Petri dishes from any provider can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Metal filter</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">In-house 1 mm hole size metal filter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:216px;">75 cm2 culture flasks</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NUNC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">156499</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:216px;">150 cm2 culture flasks</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TTP</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">90151</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">0.05% Trypsin-EDTA solution</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25300-062</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Used to trypsinize cells when passaging</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generation and culturing of primary human keratinocytes from adult skin

Keratinositler ana işlevi böylece dış dünya için mekanik bir engel Bakımı epidermis, yapısal bütünlüğünü sağlamaktır. Buna ek olarak, keratinositler hızlı, spesifik olmayan şekilde antijenik uyaranlara yanıt doğuştan gelen bağışıklık sisteminin bir bölümü olarak başlatma, bakım ve düzenleme epidermal bağışıklık yanıtı, temel bir rol oynar. Burada, biz birincil insan lenfositi yetişkin deri, izolasyon için bir iletişim kuralı tanımlamak ve bu hücreler farklılaşma işaret involucrin artan bir ifade göre ölçülen kalsiyum kaynaklı terminal farklılaşma yanıt göstermektedir. Buna ek olarak, izole lenfositi aktivasyonu p38 MAPK tarafından ölçülen duyarlı hücre içi sinyal yolları için IL-1β-indüklenen aktivasyonu olduğunu göstermektedir. Birlikte ele alındığında, yalıtım ve yetişkin cilt üzerinden birincil insan keratinositler, kültür için bir yöntem açıklanmaktadır. Lenfositi epidermis baskın hücre tipinde olduğu için bu moleküler mekanizmalar Kutanöz Biyoloji içinde vitroçalışma için yararlı bir yöntemdir.

Terminal farklılaşma kalsiyum kaynaklı İnsan lenfositi terminal farklılaşma üzerine kalsiyum14,15,16ile tedavi tabi. Birincil insan lenfositi izole ve yukarıdaki protokolünde açıklandığı gibi kültürlü. Ne zaman yaklaşık % 50-60 birleşmesi, hücreleri kalsiyum (1,2 mM) ile teşvik ya da araç ve hücreleri resimlerini 0, 1 ve 2 günde alınmıştır. Şekil 1 k...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation and Culturing of Primary Human Keratinocytes from Adult Skin at JoVE.com

Generation and Culturing of Primary Human Keratinocytes from Adult Skin

İnsan derisi dış ortamda karşı savunma ilk satırı olarak davranır. Biz yetişkin cilt üzerinden birincil insan lenfositi izole bir yöntem mevcut. Bu izole lenfositi çok sayıda deneysel kurulumları yararlıdır ve kutanöz Biyoloji vitro. moleküler mekanizmalar çalışmak için son derece uygun bir model vardır

Oluşturma ve birincil insan lenfositi yetişkin cilt, kültür

The main function of keratinocytes is to provide the structural integrity of the epidermis, thereby maintaining a mechanical barrier to the outside world. ...

generation-culturing-primary-human-keratinocytes-from-adult

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

16.2K Görüntüleme.  Aarhus University Hospital. İnsan derisi dış ortamda karşı savunma ilk satırı olarak davranır. Biz yetişkin cilt üzerinden birincil insan lenfositi izole bir yöntem mevcut. Bu izole lenfositi çok sayıda deneysel kurulumları yararlıdır ve kutanöz Biyoloji vitro. moleküler mekanizmalar çalışmak için son derece uygun bir model vardır

Video: Generation and Culturing of Primary Human Keratinocytes from Adult Skin

Isolation and Quantitative Immunocytochemical Characterization of Primary Myogenic Cells and Fibroblasts from Human Skeletal Muscle

The repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the action of satellite cells, which are the resident muscle stem cells. These can be isolated from human muscle biopsy samples using enzymatic digestion and their myogenic properties studied in culture. Quantitatively, the two main adherent cell types obtained from enzymatic digestion are: (i) the satellite cells (termed myogenic cells or muscle precursor cells), identified initially as CD56+ and later as CD56+/desmin+ cells and (ii) muscle-derived fibroblasts, identified as CD56&#8211; and TE-7+. Fibroblasts proliferate very efficiently in culture and in mixed cell populations these cells may overrun myogenic cells to dominate the culture. The isolation and purification of different cell types from human muscle is thus an important methodological consideration when trying to investigate the innate behavior of either cell type in culture. Here we describe a system of sorting based on the gentle enzymatic digestion of cells using collagenase and dispase followed by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) which gives both a high purity (&#62;95% myogenic cells) and good yield (~2.8 x 106 &#177; 8.87 x 105 cells/g tissue after 7 days in vitro) for experiments in culture. This approach is based on incubating the mixed muscle-derived cell population with magnetic microbeads beads conjugated to an antibody against CD56 and then passing cells though a magnetic field. CD56+ cells bound to microbeads are retained by the field whereas CD56&#8211; cells pass unimpeded through the column. Cell suspensions from any stage of the sorting process can be plated and cultured. Following a given intervention, cell morphology, and the expression and localization of proteins including nuclear transcription factors can be quantified using immunofluorescent labeling with specific antibodies and an image processing and analysis package.

The main adherent cell types derived from human muscle are myogenic cells and fibroblasts. Here, cell populations are enriched using magnetic-activated cell sorting based on the CD56 antigen. Subsequent immunolabelling with specific antibodies and use of image analysis techniques allows quantification of cytoplasmic and nuclear characteristics in individual cells.

İnsan İskelet Kası İlköğretim andMyogenic Hücreleri ve Fibroblast İzolasyon ve Kantitatif İmmünositokimyasal Karakterizasyonu

The repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the action of satellite cells, which are the resident muscle stem cells. These can be isolated ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

Transfection, Selection, and Colony-picking of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells TALEN-targeted with a GFP Gene into the AAVS1 Safe Harbor

Targeted transgene addition can provide persistent gene expression while circumventing the gene silencing and insertional mutagenesis caused by viral vector mediated random integration. This protocol describes a universal and efficient transgene targeted addition platform in human iPSCs based on utilization of validated open-source TALENs and a gene-trap-like donor to deliver transgenes into a safe harbor locus. Importantly, effective gene editing is rate-limited by the delivery efficiency of gene editing vectors. Therefore, this protocol first focuses on preparation of iPSCs for transfection to achieve high nuclear delivery efficiency. When iPSCs are dissociated into single cells using a gentle-cell dissociation reagent and transfected using an optimized program, >50% cells can be induced to take up the large gene editing vectors. Because the AAVS1 locus is located in the intron of an active gene (PPP1R12C), a splicing acceptor (SA)-linked puromycin resistant gene (PAC) was used to select targeted iPSCs while excluding random integration-only and untransfected cells. This strategy greatly increases the chance of obtaining targeted clones, and can be used in other active gene targeting experiments as well. Two weeks after puromycin selection at the dose adjusted for the specific iPSC line, clones are ready to be picked by manual dissection of large, isolated colonies into smaller pieces that are transferred to fresh medium in a smaller well for further expansion and genetic and functional screening. One can follow this protocol to readily obtain multiple GFP reporter iPSC lines that are useful for in vivo and in vitro imaging and cell isolation.

TALEN-mediated gene editing at the safe harbor AAVS1 locus enables high-efficiency transgene addition in human iPSCs. This protocol describes the procedures for preparing iPSCs for TALEN and donor vector delivery, transfecting iPSCs, and selecting and isolating iPSC clones to achieve targeted integration of a GFP gene to generate reporter lines.

Transfeksiyon, Seçim ve İnsan uyarılmış pluripotent kök hücrelerin Colony-toplama AAVS1 Safe Harbor içine GFP geninin ile TALEN-hedefli

Targeted transgene addition can provide persistent gene expression while circumventing the gene silencing and insertional mutagenesis caused by viral ...

Generation of Integration-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Hair-derived Keratinocytes

Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using patient-specific hiPSCs allows the study of the underlying mechanism for pathogenesis, also providing a platform for the development of in vitro drug screening and gene therapy to improve treatment options. The promising potential of hiPSCs for regenerative medicine is also evident from the increasing number of publications (>7000) on iPSCs in recent years. Various cell types from distinct lineages have been successfully used for hiPSC generation, including skin fibroblasts, hematopoietic cells and epidermal keratinocytes. While skin biopsies and blood collection are routinely performed in many labs as a source of somatic cells for the generation of hiPSCs, the collection and subsequent derivation of hair keratinocytes are less commonly used. Hair-derived keratinocytes represent a non-invasive approach to obtain cell samples from patients. Here we outline a simple non-invasive method for the derivation of keratinocytes from plucked hair. We also provide instructions for maintenance of keratinocytes and subsequent reprogramming to generate integration-free hiPSC using episomal vectors.

This manuscript provides a step-by-step procedure for the derivation and maintenance of human keratinocytes from plucked hair and subsequent generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by episomal vectors.

Saç türetilmiş keratinositlerden Kullanarak Entegrasyon serbest İnsan uyarılmış pluripotent kök hücrelerin üretilmesi

Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using ...

Generation of Genetically Modified Organotypic Skin Cultures Using Devitalized Human Dermis

Organotypic cultures allow the reconstitution of a 3D environment critical for cell-cell contact and cell-matrix interactions which mimics the function and physiology of their in vivo tissue counterparts. This is exemplified by organotypic skin cultures which faithfully recapitulates the epidermal differentiation and stratification program. Primary human epidermal keratinocytes are genetically manipulable through retroviruses where genes can be easily overexpressed or knocked down. These genetically modified keratinocytes can then be used to regenerate human epidermis in organotypic skin cultures providing a powerful model to study genetic pathways impacting epidermal growth, differentiation, and disease progression. The protocols presented here describe methods to prepare devitalized human dermis as well as to genetically manipulate primary human keratinocytes in order to generate organotypic skin cultures. Regenerated human skin can be used in downstream applications such as gene expression profiling, immunostaining, and chromatin immunoprecipitations followed by high throughput sequencing. Thus, generation of these genetically modified organotypic skin cultures will allow the determination of genes that are critical for maintaining skin homeostasis.

The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and detailed protocol on how to generate genetically modified human organotypic skin from epidermal keratinocytes and devitalized human dermis.

Güçsüz İnsan dermis kullanma Genetiği Değiştirilmiş Organotipik Cilt Kültürlerin Üretimi

Organotypic cultures allow the reconstitution of a 3D environment critical for cell-cell contact and cell-matrix interactions which mimics the function ...

Isolating Hair Follicle Stem Cells and Epidermal Keratinocytes from Dorsal Mouse Skin

The hair follicle (HF) is an ideal system for studying the biology and regulation of adult stem cells (SCs). This dynamic mini organ is replenished by distinct pools of SCs, which are located in the permanent portion of the HF, a region known as the bulge. These multipotent bulge SCs were initially identified as slow cycling label retaining cells; however, their isolation has been made feasible after identification of specific cell markers, such as CD34 and keratin 15 (K15). Here, we describe a robust method for isolating bulge SCs and epidermal keratinocytes from mouse HFs utilizing fluorescence activated cell-sorting (FACS) technology. Isolated hair follicle SCs (HFSCs) can be utilized in various in vivo grafting models and are a valuable in vitro model for studying the mechanisms that govern multipotency, quiescence and activation.

An ideal model for studying adult stem cell biology is the mouse hair follicle. Here we present a protocol for isolating different populations of hair follicles stem cells and epidermal keratinocytes, employing enzymatic digestion of mouse dorsal skin followed by FACS analysis.

Dorsal Fare Cilt Saç Folikül Kök Hücreler ve epidermal keratinositler Ayırma

The hair follicle (HF) is an ideal system for studying the biology and regulation of adult stem cells (SCs). This dynamic mini organ is replenished by ...

Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans

Skeletal muscle homeostasis depends on muscle growth (hypertrophy), atrophy and regeneration. During ageing and in several diseases, muscle wasting occurs. Loss of muscle mass and function is associated with muscle fiber type atrophy, fiber type switching, defective muscle regeneration associated with dysfunction of satellite cells, muscle stem cells, and other pathophysiological processes. These changes are associated with changes in intracellular as well as local and systemic niches. In addition to most commonly used rodent models of muscle ageing, there is a need to study muscle homeostasis and wasting using human models, which due to ethical implications, consist predominantly of in vitro cultures. Despite the wide use of human Myogenic Progenitor Cells (MPCs) and primary myoblasts in myogenesis, there is limited data on using human primary myoblast and myotube cultures to study molecular mechanisms regulating different aspects of age-associated muscle wasting, aiding in the validation of mechanisms of ageing proposed in rodent muscle. The use of human MPCs, primary myoblasts and myotubes isolated from adult and aged people, provides a physiologically relevant model of molecular mechanisms of processes associated with muscle growth, atrophy and regeneration. Here we describe in detail a robust, inexpensive, reproducible and efficient protocol for the isolation and maintenance of human MPCs&#160;and their progeny&#160;&#8212; myoblasts and myotubes from human muscle samples using enzymatic digestion. Furthermore, we have determined the passage number at which primary myoblasts from adult and aged people undergo senescence in an in vitro culture. Finally, we show the ability to transfect these myoblasts and the ability to characterize their proliferative and differentiation capacity and propose their suitability for performing functional studies of molecular mechanisms of myogenesis and muscle wasting in vitro.

This protocol describes a robust, reproducible and simple method of isolation and culture of myoblast progenitor cells from the skeletal muscle of adult and aged people. The muscles used here include foot and leg muscles. This approach enables the isolation of an enriched population of primary myoblasts for functional studies.

Yetişkin ve Yaşlı İnsanların İskelet Kası miyojenik Öncü Hücreler / İlköğretim miyoblastların hazırlanması ve Kültür

Skeletal muscle homeostasis depends on muscle growth (hypertrophy), atrophy and regeneration. During ageing and in several diseases, muscle wasting ...

Defined and Scalable Generation of Hepatocyte-like Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the human body. The differentiation of hPSCs to human hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) has been extensively studied, and efficient differentiation protocols have been established. The combination of extracellular matrix and biological stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, and small molecules, have made it possible to generate HLCs that resemble primary human hepatocytes. However, the majority of procedures still employ undefined components, giving rise to batch-to-batch variation. This serves as a significant barrier to the application of the technology. To tackle this issue, we developed a defined system for hepatocyte differentiation using human recombinant laminins as extracellular matrices in combination with a serum-free differentiation process. Highly efficient hepatocyte specification was achieved, with demonstrated improvements in both HLC function and phenotype. Importantly, this system is easy to scale up using research and GMP-grade hPSC lines&#160;promising advances in cell-based modelling and therapies.

The method presented here describes a scalable and good manufacturing practice (GMP)-ready differentiation system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells from pluripotent stem cells. It serves as a cost-effective and standardized system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells for basic and applied human liver research.

Tanımlı ve hepatosit benzeri Hücrelerinin Ölçeklenebilir Nesil insan pluripotent kök hücreleri gelen

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the ...

The Isolation and Culture of Primary Epicardial Cells Derived from Human Adult and Fetal Heart Specimens

The epicardium, an epithelial cell layer covering the myocardium, has an essential role during cardiac development, as well as in the repair response of the heart after ischemic injury. When activated, epicardial cells undergo a process known as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) to provide cells to the regenerating myocardium. Furthermore, the epicardium contributes via secretion of essential paracrine factors. To fully appreciate the regenerative potential of the epicardium, a human cell model is required. Here we outline a novel cell culture model to derive primary epicardial derived cells (EPDCs) from human adult and fetal cardiac tissue. To isolate EPDCs, the epicardium is dissected from the outside of the heart specimen and processed into a single cell suspension. Next, EPDCs are plated and cultured in EPDC medium containing the ALK 5-kinase inhibitor SB431542 to maintain their epithelial phenotype. EMT is induced by stimulation with TGF&#946;. This method enables, for the first time, the study of the process of human epicardial EMT in a controlled setting, and facilitates gaining more insight in the secretome of EPDCs that may aid heart regeneration. Furthermore, this uniform approach allows for direct comparison of human adult and fetal epicardial behavior.

The epicardium plays a crucial role in the development and repair of the heart by providing cells and growth factors to the myocardial wall. Here, we describe a method to culture human primary epicardial cells that enables the study and comparison of their developmental and adult characteristics.

Yalıtım ve kültür insan yetişkin ve Fetal kalp örnekler elde edilen birincil Epicardial hücre

The epicardium, an epithelial cell layer covering the myocardium, has an essential role during cardiac development, as well as in the repair response of ...

A Simplified and Efficient Method to Isolate Primary Human Keratinocytes from Adult Skin Tissue

Primary human keratinocytes isolated from fresh skin tissues and their expansion in vitro have been widely used for laboratory research and for clinical applications. The conventional isolation method of human keratinocytes involves a two-step sequential enzymatic digestion procedure, which has been proven to be inefficient in generating primary cells from adult tissues due to the low cell recovery rate and reduced cell viability. We recently reported an advanced method to isolate human primary epidermal progenitor cells from skin tissues that utilizes the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 in the medium. Compared with the traditional protocol, this new method is simpler, easier, and less time-consuming, and increases epithelial stem cell yield and enhances their stem cell characteristics. Moreover, the new methodology does not require the separation of the epidermis from the dermis, and, therefore, is suitable for isolating cells from different types of adult tissues. This new isolation method overcomes the major shortcomings of conventional methods and is more suitable for producing large numbers of epidermal cells with high potency both for laboratory and for clinical applications. Here, we describe the new method in detail.

Here we present a protocol to efficiently isolate primary human keratinocytes from adult skin tissues. This method simplifies the conventional procedure by using the ROCK Inhibitor Y-27632 in the inoculation medium to spontaneously separate epidermal cells from dermal cells.

Birincil insan Lenfositi yetişkin cilt dokusundan izole etmek için basit ve etkili bir yöntem

Primary human keratinocytes isolated from fresh skin tissues and their expansion in vitro have been widely used for laboratory research and for clinical ...

Generation of 3D Skin Organoid from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The skin is the body&#8217;s largest organ and has many functions. The skin acts as a physical barrier and protector of the body and regulates bodily functions. Biomimetics is the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems1. Skin biomimetics is a useful tool for in vitro disease research and in vivo regenerative medicine. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the characteristic of unlimited proliferation and the ability of differentiation to three germ layers. Human iPSCs are generated from various primary cells, such as blood cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and more. Among them, cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) have emerged as an alternative cell source from the perspective of allogeneic regenerative medicine. CBMCs are useful in regenerative medicine because human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is essential to the cell banking system. We provide a method for the differentiation of CBMC-iPSCs into keratinocytes and fibroblasts and for generation of a 3D skin organoid. CBMC-iPSC-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts have characteristics similar to a primary cell line. The 3D skin organoids are generated by overlaying an epidermal layer onto a dermal layer. By transplanting this 3D skin organoid, a humanized mice model is generated. This study shows that a 3D human iPSC-derived skin organoid may be a novel, alternative tool for dermatologic research in vitro and in vivo.

We propose a protocol that shows how to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cell-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts and generate a 3D skin organoid, using these keratinocytes and fibroblasts. This protocol contains an additional step of generating a humanized mice model. The technique presented here will improve dermatologic research.

3B cilt Organoid kablosu kan kaynaklı nesil Pluripotent kök hücreler indüklenen

The skin is the body&#8217;s largest organ and has many functions. The skin acts as a physical barrier and protector of the body and regulates bodily ...