Bu paradigma gelişimi tedavi bilişsel Neuroscience Fonu ve Benjamin ve Adith Miller ailesi bağış yaşlanma, Alzheimer ve otizm araştırma tarafından desteklenmiştir.

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Yazar ifşa etmek hiçbir şey vardır.

Mevcut kağıt bir anlamsal astar ERP paradigma anlamsal işlem açıkları ile ASD bireylerde keşfetmek için resmi ve kelime uyaranlara ile Geliştirme kritik adımlar bildirdi. Büyük adımlar uyaranlara oluşturma, görev programlama ve EEG test ve analizleri yapmak içerir. Bu dikkatli uyarıcı çiftleri, koşullar ve yöntemleri uzunluğu, frekans ve anlamsal ilişkisi gibi değişkenler içinde ve arasında eşleşen gerektirir gibi bu yordam en zaman alıcı parçası uyaranlara, oluşturulması olması muhtem...

Bilişsel Psikolojide araştırmacılar uzun nasıl insanlar dil anlamını anlamak içinde ilgi olmuştur. Dil işleme artan karmaşıklık, harf ve kelime tanıma, sözdizimsel ayrıştırma için anlamsal işleme, adımlar dizisini içerir. Word, resim veya ses olmak, bir uyarıcı anlamını erişmek için anlamsal işleme anlamına gelir. İlk kelime tanıma, erişim bir kelimenin anlamını veya semantik, erken adımları izleyerek dil işleme çok önemli bir adımdır. Anlamsal Tümleştirme ilişkilerini anlamak için bir çekim gücü anlamını entegre işlemi için başvurur ve üst düzey dil anlayış cümleler gibi işleme için çok önemli. Sadece bir cümle her kelimenin anlamını erişilecek ihtiyacı var ama tek tek sözcüklerin anlamları cümle anlamı, ya da "özü" tutarlı bir anlayış oluşturmak için entegre edilebilir gerek.
Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (ASD) olan kişiler genellikle dil anlama1' önemli açıkları var. Bu zorluklar açıkları anlamsal işleme ve entegrasyon2,3,4kaynaklanıyor düşündüren bazı kanıtlar var. Ancak, diğer çalışmalarda malzeme dile ait olmayan (Örneğin, içinde görsel ya da işitsel) görüntülendiğinde ASD kişilerle anlamsal işlem açıkları gösterme düşündürmektedir yöntemleri3,5,6 . ASD anlamsal işlem açıkları (yazılı veya sözlü dilYani, için) sınırlı olabilir gibi bulgular öneririz yöntemleri. Bu nedenle, farklı yöntemler kontrast yaklaşımlar hangi etki alanına özgü veya yaygın işleme tarzı göstergesidir anlamsal işlem açıkları olan ölçüde içgörü sağlayabilir. Bu kağıt amacı anlamsal işlemleri eşzamanlı Elektrofizyolojik kayıt sırasında bir anlamsal astar görev kullanarak farklı yöntemler arasında karşılaştırmak için bir metodoloji tarif etmektir.
Anlamsal astar paradigma araştırma nasıl etkiler alt düzey kelime tanıma7,8işleme anlambilim soruşturma uzun bir geçmişi vardır. Geleneksel anlamsal astar görevleri'nde, birinci sınıf bir kelime gösterilir (Örneğin, kedi) bir hedef tarafından takip kelime ya da anlam olarak (Örneğin, köpek) ile ilgili veya (Örneğin, kitap) Başbakan için ilgisiz. Katılımcıların hedef kelime bir kelime olup olmadığını belirlemek için sorulur öyle ki böyle bir görev genellikle bir sözcük temelli karar görev bağlamında yapılır. Diğer paradigmalar hedef kelime bir anlamsal Kategori görevi gerçekleştirmek veya iki uyaranlara ya da değil ilgili hakim katılımcı olabilir. Belirli görev ne olursa olsun, tepki süreleri (RTs) daha hızlı anlam ile ilgili olmayan kişilere göre Başbakan ilişkili hedef kelimeler için onlarca yıl kanıt kurduk.
Bu "semantik astar etkisi" mekanizmaları teorik hesapları7,8sayıda sanılıyor. Öyle ki hedef word de dahil olmak üzere diğer anlam olarak ilgili kelimelerin anlamını ana kelimenin anlamı alınmasını etkinleştirir bir astar etkisi Anlamsal ağ üzerinden otomatik Yayilim etkinleştirme nedeniyle olduğunu. Bu daha sonra hedef sözcük anlamsal harekete geçirmek için gereken süreyi azaltır. Bir ikinci teorik ana kelime görünce manzara arz ediyor, beklentisi potansiyel hedefleri beklenen bir dizi katılımcılar oluşturmak bir mekanizmadır. Bu kümesinde bulunan hedef kelimeler o zaman daha hızlı tanınır. Son olarak, diğerleri prime ve hedef sözcük arasındaki anlamsal ilişkiyi varlığını kurar eşleşen anlambilim, sonrası sözlü bir mekanizma varlığını öne var. Etkisi altında yatan belirli mekanizma ne olursa olsun, anlamsal astar anlamsal işleme ve entegrasyon yararlı bir dizin olabilir. Bu paradigma Ayrıca sözlü uyaranlara sınırlı değildir ve dil uyaranların resimleri9 yanı sıra çapraz kalıcı anlamsal astar (Örneğin, kelime ve resimler arasında)3gibi anlamsal astar araştırmak için de kullanılabilir.
Anlamsal astar etkileri psycholinguistic literatürde iyi okudu edilmiş ve prime-hedef ilişkileri, Başbakan ve hedef sununun zamanlama ve birçok diğer manipülasyonlar8türü açısından araştırdık. Bu etkiyi Elektrofizyolojik ilişkilendirir de iyi karakterize10olmuştur. Elektroansefalografi (EEG) elektrik aktivitesindeki kafa derisi ölçülen sinirsel aktivite değişiklikleri yoluyla kayıt bir yöntemdir. Çünkü bu çok iyi zamansal çözünürlük (sırasına milisaniye, ms) ve böylece anlamsal işleme koşulları veya grupları yokluğunda bile arasındaki ince farkları sağlayabilir EEG bir yararlı bir anlamsal astar paradigma için metodoloji seçimdir davranışsal etkileri veya yanıt.
Olay-ilişkili potansiyeller (ERPs) belirli uyarıcı veya davranış karşılık ortaya çıkan zaman kilitli EEG değişikliklerdir. Zamanlama ve polarite yanıtının bağlı olarak, farklı ERP bilişsel işleme farklı yönlerini yansıtıcı bileşenleridir. (Birkaç diğer yorumlara10,13olmakla birlikte) N400 bileşen anlamsal işleme ve anlamsal Tümleştirme11,12 köklü bir belirtecidir. Anlamsal Tümleştirme anlamsal entegrasyonu (iki kelime ilişkisiz olduğunda gibi) daha zor olduğunu göre (ne zaman Başbakan ve hedef bir anlamsal astar paradigma içinde anlam olarak ilgili gibi) daha kolay N400 genlik azaltılmıştır. Önemlisi, genlik fark ilgili ve ilgisiz koşulları (Örneğin, "N400 etkisi") arasındaki dile özgü değildir. N400 etkileri de dil sigara yöntemleri gibi çift anlam olarak ilişkili ve ilişkisiz resimler veya sesler Çevre14,15,16,17yanıt olarak gözlenir. Çünkü semantik işleme ve Tümleştirme yeteneklerini bir modalite bağımsız tahmin olarak kullanılabilir N400 böylece bir yararlı ERP geçerli paradigma amacıyla bileşenidir.
Bireyler bozuklukları anlamsal işlemedeki düşündüren azaltılmış ASD gösterisi ile veya anlamsal astar etkileri ve yanıt olarak dil uyaranlara2,3,4, N400 etkileri yok. Etkileri yanıt visuo-anlamsal olarak bulunmuştur ve ses-anlamsal uyaranlara3,5,6destek talebi için anlamsal bu işleme borç verme, dil uyaranlara için seçmeli olarak bozulmuş. Ancak, öyle ki bir sözlü uyarana prime-hedef çifti içeren yöntemleri karşılaştırarak en önceki çalışmaları çapraz kalıcı astar, kullandık. ASD kişilerle dil uyaranlara anlamsal işleme için açıkları var önerisi göz önüne alındığında, bu tür çapraz kalıcı uyaranlara sonuçları etkilemiş olabilir. Gerçekten semantik dil işlenmesi ile ASD bireylerde seçmeli olarak bozulmuş olup olmadığını araştırmak için sözcük ve sözcük olmayan uyarıcılara modalite içindeki çiftlerini kullanılması gerekir. Bir son çalışmada, Coderre vd. 6 ilk doğrudan karşılaştırma semantik işlem açıkları yetişkin (yaş 18-68) ile ASD araştırmak için modalite içindeki word ve resmi semantik astar, sağlanan. ASD katılımcılarıyla ve tipik olarak gelişen (TD) katılımcıların Resimler ve kelime çiftlerini görüntülenebilir ve uyaranlara ya da değil ile ilgili yargılamaya istendi. Bu semantik astar görev sırasında beyin faaliyetlerini EEG kullanarak kaydedildi. Yöntemleri ve gruplar arasında N400 efektleri karşılaştırarak, bu paradigma ile ASD bireylerde anlamsal işleme doğası içgörü sağladı.
Bu kağıt amacı anlamsal astar Coderre vd tarafından istihdam ERP metodoloji tarif etmektir 6. her ne kadar bu paradigma başlangıçta ASD ile erişkinlerde anlamsal işleme çalışmaya uygulanmıştır, bu herhangi Denemecileri lexico semantik ve visuo-anlamsal işleme, ikisinden biri içinde TD sinirsel ilişkilendirir keşfetmek isteyen için yararlı olabilecek bireyler veya belirli klinik nüfus.

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			<td style="width:167px;">Geodesic EEG system (GES) 400 system: Net Amps 400 amplifier, NetStation 5.3, 128-channel HydroCel Geodesic Sensor nets</td>
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			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:216px;">Potassium chloride</td>
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			<td style="width:71px;">Electrical Geodesics, Inc. (EGI)</td>
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			<td style="width:167px;">EGI provides a plastic bucket for mixing electrolyte but any clean container can be used</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP)</td>
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a semantic priming event-related potential (erp) task to study lexico-semantic and visuo-semantic processing in autism spectrum disorder

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (ASD) ile bireylerin dil anlamını veya anlamsal işleme anlamada karakteristik açıkları var. Ancak, bazı kanıtlar dilsel olmayan uyarıcılara anlamsal işlenmesi anlamsal açıkları dile özgü olabilir düşündüren de sağlam olduğunu gösterir. Uygun şekilde anlamsal işlem açıkları bireylerde ASD, içinde-modalite dilsel (kelime yazılıÖrneğin, ) karşılaştırılması ile karakterize etmek için ve dilsel olmayan (Örneğin, resimler) uyaranlara gereklidir. Bu kağıt electroencephalographic (EEG) verileri eşzamanlı kayıt sırasında bir anlamsal astar paradigma kullanır böyle bir metodoloji açıklar. EEG ince farklılıklar gözlemlenebilir davranış düzeyinde olmayabilir anlamsal işleme karakterize etmek için uygundur beyin aktivitesi dinamik bir ölçüsü sağlar. Anlamsal paradigma hediyeler baş resim veya ardından bir hedef resim veya sözcük ya da sözcük (Örneğin, köpek) (Örneğin, kedi) ile ilgili priming veya (Örneğin, kalem) Başbakan için ilgisiz. Bu paradigma böylece farklı yöntemler arasında anlamsal işleme değerlendirmek ve lexico semantik ve visuo-anlamsal işleme yetenekleri bireylerde ASD ve nasıl onlar TD kişilerden farklı olabilir ile karşılaştırmak için kullanılabilir. EEG testi ve EEG veri çözümleme gerçekleştirme uyaranlara oluşturmada belirli adımları ele alınmıştır. Nasıl N400, olay-ilişkili potansiyel (ERP) ilgisiz ikişer ikişer karşılaştırıldığında düşük aşağıdaki anlam ile ilgili Başbakan-hedef çiftleri bileşenidir temsilcisi sonuçları göstermektedir. N400 durumlar, yöntemleri ve gruplar arasındaki karşılaştırmaları tahminleri anlamsal işleme başarı sağlayabilir ve böylece anlamsal açıkları bireylerde ASD veya diğer klinik nüfus ile karakterize etmek için kullanılabilir.

Uyaranlara uygun şekilde ilgili ve ilgisiz koşullar sıralanmış, N400 efekti kelime ve resim için bir çekim gücü (Şekil 2) dikkat edilmelidir. Bu ilgisiz koşulları ilgili ile karşılaştırıldığında koşullarda daha büyük bir negatif genlik olarak tanımlanabilir. Word için çekim gücü, etkisi Merkezi veya centro-Paryetal kafa derisi6,10üzerinden 300-500 MS gerçekleşmelidir. Re...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder at JoVE.com

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Bu kağıt otizm spektrum bozukluğu (ASD) olan bireylerde anlamsal işleme araştırmaya modalite içindeki çiftlerini Resimler ve kelime kullanarak anlamsal astar ERP görev açıklar.

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu lexico semantik ve Visuo-anlamsal işlemede çalışmaya bir anlamsal Priming olay-ilişkili potansiyel (ERP) görev

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have characteristic deficits in understanding the meaning of language, or semantic processing. However, ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential (ERP) Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

10.5K Görüntüleme.  University of Vermont. Bu kağıt otizm spektrum bozukluğu (ASD) olan bireylerde anlamsal işleme araştırmaya modalite içindeki çiftlerini Resimler ve kelime kullanarak anlamsal astar ERP görev açıklar.

Video: A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden hand is touched. If the viewed and felt touches are given at the same time then this is sufficient to induce the compelling experience that the rubber hand is one's own hand. The RHI can be used to investigate exactly how the brain constructs distinct body representations for one's own body. Such representations are crucial for successful interactions with the external world. To obtain a subjective measure of the RHI, researchers typically ask participants to rate statements such as "I felt as if the rubber hand were my hand". Here we demonstrate how the crossmodal congruency task can be used to obtain an objective behavioral measure within this paradigm.
The variant of the crossmodal congruency task we employ involves the presentation of tactile targets and visual distractors. Targets and distractors are spatially congruent (i.e. same finger) on some trials and incongruent (i.e. different finger) on others. The difference in performance between incongruent and congruent trials - the crossmodal congruency effect (CCE) - indexes multisensory interactions. Importantly, the CCE is modulated both by viewing a hand as well as the synchrony of viewed and felt touch which are both crucial factors for the RHI.
The use of the crossmodal congruency task within the RHI paradigm has several advantages. It is a simple behavioral measure which can be repeated many times and which can be obtained during the illusion while participants view the artificial hand. Furthermore, this measure is not susceptible to observer and experimenter biases. The combination of the RHI paradigm with the crossmodal congruency task allows in particular for the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the RHI.

We demonstrate how an objective measure can be employed in the widely employed rubber hand illusion paradigm. This measure is obtained by modifying the well-established crossmodal congruency task. This task allows the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the rubber hand illusion.

Kauçuk El Illusion Paradigma bir Amaç Davranış Tedbir Alınması Aracı Olarak Crossmodal Congruency Görev

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden ...

Davranış

The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task: A Task of Attention and Impulse Control for Rodents

This protocol describes the 5-choice serial reaction time task, which is an operant based task used to study attention and impulse control in rodents. Test day challenges, modifications to the standard task, can be used to systematically tax the neural systems controlling either attention or impulse control. Importantly, these challenges have consistent effects on behavior across laboratories in intact animals and can reveal either enhancements or deficits in cognitive function that are not apparent when rats are only tested on the standard task. The variety of behavioral measures that are collected can be used to determine if other factors (i.e., sedation, motivation deficits, locomotor impairments) are contributing to changes in performance. The versatility of the 5CSRTT is further enhanced because it is amenable to combination with pharmacological, molecular, and genetic techniques.

This protocol describes the 5-choice serial reaction time task, which is an operant based task used to study attention and impulse control in rodents. Test day challenges, which are modifications of the standard task, increase flexibility of the task and can be combined with other manipulations to more fully characterize behavior.

5 seçmeli Seri Reaksiyon Süresi Görev: Kemirgenler için Dikkat Görev ve Dürtü Kontrol

This protocol describes the 5-choice serial reaction time task, which is an operant based task used to study attention and impulse control in rodents. ...

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Fear of certain threat and anxiety about uncertain threat are distinct emotions with unique behavioral, cognitive-attentional, and neuroanatomical components. Both anxiety and fear can be studied in the laboratory by measuring the potentiation of the startle reflex. The startle reflex is a defensive reflex that is potentiated when an organism is threatened and the need for defense is high. The startle reflex is assessed via electromyography (EMG) in the orbicularis oculi muscle elicited by brief, intense, bursts of acoustic white noise (i.e., &#8220;startle probes&#8221;). Startle potentiation is calculated as the increase in startle response magnitude during presentation of sets of visual threat cues that signal delivery of mild electric shock relative to sets of matched cues that signal the absence of shock (no-threat cues). In the Threat Probability Task, fear is measured via startle potentiation to high probability (100% cue-contingent shock; certain) threat cues whereas anxiety is measured via startle potentiation to low probability (20% cue-contingent shock; uncertain) threat cues. Measurement of startle potentiation during the Threat Probability Task provides an objective and easily implemented alternative to assessment of negative affect via self-report or other methods (e.g., neuroimaging) that may be inappropriate or impractical for some researchers. Startle potentiation has been studied rigorously in both animals (e.g., rodents, non-human primates) and humans which facilitates animal-to-human translational research. Startle potentiation during certain and uncertain threat provides an objective measure of negative affective and distinct emotional states (fear, anxiety) to use in research on psychopathology, substance use/abuse and broadly in affective science. As such, it has been used extensively by clinical scientists interested in psychopathology etiology and by affective scientists interested in individual differences in emotion.

Potentiation of the startle reflex is measured via electromyography of the orbicularis oculi muscle during low (uncertain) and high (certain) probability electric shock threat in the Threat Probability Task. This provides an objective measure of distinct negative emotional states (fear/anxiety) for research on psychopathology, substance use/abuse, and broad affective science.

Tehdit Olasılık Görevi kullanma Belirsiz ve belirli Tehdit sırasında Anksiyete ve Korku değerlendirin

Fear of certain threat and anxiety about uncertain threat are distinct emotions with unique behavioral, cognitive-attentional, and neuroanatomical ...

Measuring Neural and Behavioral Activity During Ongoing Computerized Social Interactions: An Examination of Event-Related Brain Potentials

Social exclusion is a complex social phenomenon with powerful negative consequences. Given the impact of social exclusion on mental and emotional health, an understanding of how perceptions of social exclusion develop over the course of a social interaction is important for advancing treatments aimed at lessening the harmful costs of being excluded. To date, most scientific examinations of social exclusion have looked at exclusion after a social interaction has been completed. While this has been very helpful in developing an understanding of what happens to a person following exclusion, it has not helped to clarify the moment-to-moment dynamics of the process of social exclusion. Accordingly, the current protocol was developed to obtain an improved understanding of social exclusion by examining the patterns of event-related brain activation that are present during social interactions. This protocol allows greater precision and sensitivity in detailing the social processes that lead people to feel as though they have been excluded from a social interaction. Importantly, the current protocol can be adapted to include research projects that vary the nature of exclusionary social interactions by altering how frequently participants are included, how long the periods of exclusion will last in each interaction, and when exclusion will take place during the social interactions. Further, the current protocol can be used to examine variables and constructs beyond those related to social exclusion. This capability to address a variety of applications across psychology by obtaining both neural and behavioral data during ongoing social interactions suggests the present protocol could be at the core of a developing area of scientific inquiry related to social interactions.

Research on social exclusion has grown tremendously in recent years. As the field expands, it is imperative to develop sophisticated methodologies allowing for the simultaneous measurement of neural and behavioral outcomes during social exclusion. This protocol utilizes event-related brain potentials to record ongoing neural activity during computerized social interactions.

Devam eden Bilgisayarlı Toplumsal Etkileşim sırasında Sinir ve Davranış Aktivite Ölçüm: Olay-İlişkili Beyin Olanaklarının incelenmesi

Social exclusion is a complex social phenomenon with powerful negative consequences. Given the impact of social exclusion on mental and emotional health, ...

Investigating the Effects of Antipsychotics and Schizotypy on the N400 Using Event-Related Potentials and Semantic Categorization

Within the field of cognitive neuroscience, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a popular method of visualizing brain function. This is in part because of its excellent spatial resolution, which allows researchers to identify brain areas associated with specific cognitive processes. However, in the quest to localize brain functions, it is relevant to note that many cognitive, sensory, and motor processes have temporal distinctions that are imperative to capture, an aspect that is left unfulfilled by fMRI&#8217;s suboptimal temporal resolution. To better understand cognitive processes, it is thus advantageous to utilize event-related potential (ERP) recording as a method of gathering information about the brain. Some of its advantages include its fantastic temporal resolution, which gives researchers the ability to follow the activity of the brain down to the millisecond. It also directly indexes both excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials by which most brain computations are performed. This sits in contrast to fMRI, which captures an index of metabolic activity. Further, the non-invasive ERP method does not require a contrast condition: raw ERPs can be examined for just one experimental condition, a distinction from fMRI where control conditions must be subtracted from the experimental condition, leading to uncertainty in associating observations with experimental or contrast conditions. While it is limited by its poor spatial and subcortical activity resolution, ERP recordings&#8217; utility, relative cost-effectiveness, and associated advantages offer strong rationale for its use in cognitive neuroscience to track rapid temporal changes in neural activity. In an effort to foster increase in its use as a research imaging method, and to ensure proper and accurate data collection, the present article will outline &#8211; in the framework of a paradigm using semantic categorization to examine the effects of antipsychotics and schizotypy on the N400 &#8211; the procedure and key aspects associated with ERP data acquisition.

Using event-related EEG potentials (ERPs), we investigate the effects of antipsychotic medications on abnormal semantic brain activations in healthy individuals with schizotypal traits. We use ERPs to track distinct changes in brain activity, shedding insight into the cognitive processes associated with semantic categorization.

Olay-İlişkili Potansiyeller ve Semantik Kategorizasyon kullanma N400 üzerinde Antipsikotikler ve şizotipinin Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Within the field of cognitive neuroscience, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a popular method of visualizing brain function. This is in ...

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Rapid auditory processing and acoustic change detection abilities play a critical role in allowing human infants to efficiently process the fine spectral and temporal changes that are characteristic of human language. These abilities lay the foundation for effective language acquisition; allowing infants to hone in on the sounds of their native language. Invasive procedures in animals and scalp-recorded potentials from human adults suggest that simultaneous, rhythmic activity (oscillations) between and within brain regions are fundamental to sensory development; determining the resolution with which incoming stimuli are parsed. At this time, little is known about oscillatory dynamics in human infant development. However, animal neurophysiology and adult EEG data provide the basis for a strong hypothesis that rapid auditory processing in infants is mediated by oscillatory synchrony in discrete frequency bands. In order to investigate this, 128-channel, high-density EEG responses of 4-month old infants to frequency change in tone pairs, presented in two rate conditions (Rapid: 70 msec ISI and Control: 300 msec ISI) were examined. To determine the frequency band and magnitude of activity, auditory evoked response averages were first co-registered with age-appropriate brain templates. Next, the principal components of the response were identified and localized using a two-dipole model of brain activity. Single-trial analysis of oscillatory power showed a robust index of frequency change processing in bursts of Theta band (3 - 8 Hz) activity in both right and left auditory cortices, with left activation more prominent in the Rapid condition. These methods have produced data that are not only some of the first reported evoked oscillations analyses in infants, but are also, importantly, the product of a well-established method of recording and analyzing clean, meticulously collected, infant EEG and ERPs. In this article, we describe our method for infant EEG net application, recording, dynamic brain response analysis, and representative results.

High-density electroencephalography (dEEG) is being used increasingly to study brain development and plasticity in the early years of life. Here we present an application of sophisticated analysis techniques that builds on traditional EEG recording to understand the oscillatory dynamics of rapid auditory processing in the infant brain.

Bebek İşitsel İşleme ve Olaya ilişkin Beyin Salınımlılığı

Rapid auditory processing and acoustic change detection abilities play a critical role in allowing human infants to efficiently process the fine spectral ...

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

In addition to impairments in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, deficits in sensory processing are now recognized as a core symptom in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our ability to perceive and interact with the external world is rooted in sensory processing. For example, listening to a conversation entails processing the auditory cues coming from the speaker (speech content, prosody, syntax) as well as the associated visual information (facial expressions, gestures). Collectively, the &#8220;integration&#8221; of these multisensory (i.e., combined audiovisual) pieces of information results in better comprehension. Such multisensory integration has been shown to be strongly dependent upon the temporal relationship of the paired stimuli. Thus, stimuli that occur in close temporal proximity are highly likely to result in behavioral and perceptual benefits &#8211; gains believed to be reflective of the perceptual system&#39;s judgment of the likelihood that these two stimuli came from the same source. Changes in this temporal integration are expected to strongly alter perceptual processes, and are likely to diminish the ability to accurately perceive and interact with our world. Here, a battery of tasks designed to characterize various aspects of sensory and multisensory temporal processing in children with ASD is described. In addition to its utility in autism, this battery has great potential for characterizing changes in sensory function in other clinical populations, as well as being used to examine changes in these processes across the lifespan.

We describe how to implement a battery of behavioral tasks to examine the processing and integration of sensory stimuli in children with ASD. The goal is to characterize individual differences in temporal processing of simple auditory and visual stimuli and relate these to higher order perceptual skills like speech perception.

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Duyu ve Multisensör Fonksiyon Test

In addition to impairments in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, deficits in sensory processing are ...

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral motor impairments that are frequently dominated in the upper limb. In addition to a reduced movement capacity of the affected upper limb, several children with unilateral CP show a reduced awareness of the remaining movement capacity of that limb. This phenomenon of disregarding the preserved capacity of the affected upper limb is regularly referred to as Developmental Disregard (DD). Different theories have been postulated to explain DD, each suggesting slightly different guidelines for therapy. Still, cognitive processes that might additionally contribute to DD in children with unilateral CP have never been directly studied. The current protocol was developed to study cognitive aspects involved in upper limb control in children with unilateral CP with and without DD. This was done by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) extracted from the ongoing EEG during target-response tasks asking for a hand-movement response. ERPs consist of several components, each of them associated with a well-defined cognitive process (e.g., the N1 with early attention processes, the N2 with cognitive control and the P3 with cognitive load and mental effort). Due to its excellent temporal resolution, the ERP technique enables to study several covert cognitive processes preceding overt motor responses and thus allows insight into the cognitive processes that might contribute to the phenomenon of DD. Using this protocol adds a new level of explanation to existing behavioral studies and opens new avenues to the broader implementation of research on cognitive aspects of developmental movement restrictions in children.

Several children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy seem to disregard the preserved capacity of their affected upper limb. This Developmental Disregard is extensively described in the literature but the involved cognitive processes have not been studied. To study underlying cognitive factors of upper limb control, an event-related potential protocol was developed.

Hedef-cevap Görevleri sırasında olaya ilişkin Potansiyeller Tek Taraflı Serebral Palsili Çocuklarda Üst Ekstremite Kullanım Bilişsel Süreçler Eğitim için

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral ...

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

This protocol offers a detailed description of a psychophysiological experiment using script-driven trauma-related imagery and standardized clinical instruments within a comparative design assessing physiological and psychopathological features of individuals with BPD. This method aims at studying the psychological and physiological effects of trauma-related dissociation. Since the psychodiagnostic classification of trauma-related disorders relies on the observation of evolutionarily determined responses to life-threat, an integrated assessment paradigm for the study of reactions to traumatic memories proposes a very appropriate methodological approach.
The employed script-driven imagery paradigm uses individual recall instructions to activate trauma-related memory networks and prompt associated emotional and physiological responses. These responses are measured by means of self-rating scales and physiological assessments. During the individual recall, participants are asked to vividly imagine traumatic and everyday experiences and other situations triggered by short personalized verbal scripts they authored beforehand together with the experimenters. A wide range of affective reactions and different physiological parameters can be measured. We used this paradigm to investigate dissociative states in BPD and to find physiological and affective correlates of dissociative states. Some of the participants were having severe traumatic antecedents.
To investigate different reaction patterns within the same diagnostic group, participants with different levels of traumatic histories, symptom severities, and co-morbidities should be included. By using short verbal scripts, the level of stress induced to participants is held as low as possible without affecting the validity of the object of investigation.

We present a protocol of personalized script-driven trauma-related imagery and clinical assessments within a comparison design for investigating peritraumatic dissociation (PD), psychophysiological reactions, i.e. heart rate (HR) and skin conductance (SC), and psychological features of often severely traumatized individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD).

Travma ile ilgili ayrılma sınır çizgisi kişilik bozukluğu olarak çalışmaya bir psikofizyolojik komut dosyası tabanlı görüntü deneme kullanımı

This protocol offers a detailed description of a psychophysiological experiment using script-driven trauma-related imagery and standardized clinical ...

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

Sentence comprehension relies on the ability to rapidly integrate different types of linguistic and non-linguistic information. However, there is currently a paucity of research exploring how preschool children with autism understand sentences using different types of cues. The mechanisms underlying sentence comprehension remains largely unclear. The present study presents a protocol to examine the sentence comprehension abilities of preschool children with autism. More specifically, a visual world paradigm of eye-tracking is used to explore the moment-to-moment sentence comprehension in the children. The paradigm has multiple advantages. First, it is sensitive to the time course of sentence comprehension and thus can provide rich information about how sentence comprehension unfolds over time. Second, it requires minimal task and communication demands, so it is ideal for testing children with autism. To further minimize the computational burden of children, the present study measures eye movements that arise as automatic responses to linguistic input rather than measuring eye movements that accompany conscious responses to spoken instructions.

We present a protocol to examine the use of morphological cues during real-time sentence comprehension by children with autism.