Bu eser Ulusal Doğa Bilim Vakfı Çin genç akademisyenler (No. 81300810) için Shanghai genç doktor eğitim programı (No. 20141057), Shanghai doğal Bilim Vakfı (No. 16ZR1405100) ve Şangay belediye tarafından finanse edildi Komisyon, sağlık ve aile planlaması (No. 201740187). LetPub (www.letpub.com) teşekkür için-mek şartıyla bu el yazması hazırlanması sırasında dile ait yardım ederim.

İnsan denekler dahil, bu yordam, göz ve kulak burun boğaz hastane, Bund'a Üniversitesi, Çin Kurumsal İnceleme Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır. Sağlanan tüm kayıtlı hasta onam yazılı.
1. ameliyat için hazırlık
<ol><li>Ameliyattan önce hastanın burun boşluğuna ön rhinoscopy, endoskopi ve bilgisayarlı tomografi (CT) taramaları onaylamak ve sapmalar bulun ve göstergeler15belirlemek için inceleyin.</li>
	<li>Hastanın a_ılabilinirse onların burun bir bütün olarak değerlendirmek ve bu ölçekte bir görsel analog (VAS) ameliyattan önce belirtmek için sor. Not: Ölçek toplam uzunluğu 10 cm, bir aşırı ile (yani, 0 cm skor %0), tam olarak belli bir burun diğer aşırı olmak tamamen bloke burun (10 cm), % 100 Puanlama ve merkezi bir % 50 tıkanma ile bir burun.</li>
	<li>Vibrissae 1 gün ameliyat öncesi her iki burun vestibules kaldırın.</li>
	<li>Ameliyat günü, üzerinde çalışma tablo16koyduktan sonra hastaya genel anestezi yönetmek. Not: 2-2.5 mg/kg propofol, 0.2 µg/kg sulfentanyl ve 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium anestezi neden. Anestezi remifentanil 0.1 µg/kg/dk sürekli bir intravenöz infüzyon ve sevoflurane (0.8 minimal alveoler konsantrasyon) bir soluma ile koruyun.</li>
	<li>30 ° (dorsal yüksek konumu için) ameliyat masasına yatırmak ve tarafsız bir konumda (ne fleksiyondayken ne de genişletilmiş) hastanın kafasına koydu.</li>
</ol>2. cerrahi müdahale
Not: tüm işlem sırasında 0 derecelik endoskop kullanın.
<ol><li>Gazlı bez (6 cm x 60 cm) 8 adet 20 mL %1 tetracaine ve % 0.1 epinefrinã 4 mL karışık bir çözüm ile dik. Her burun boşluğuna nazal mukoza daraltmak 5 min için 1 sırılsıklam olmuş parça gazlı bez koyun.</li>
	<li>Alt konka yordamının sonunda Asansör ile burun boşluğuna lateral duvarına doğru koymak.</li>
	<li>5 mL şırınga 0,9 20 mL karışık bir çözüm birkaç mililitre ile bağlı bir iğne kullanarak septum sızmak % NaCl ve subperichondrial % 0.1 epinefrinã 0.05 mL ve her iki tarafın septum subperiosteal uçaklar. Not: septum iki tarafa da dışına Eğer biz dışbükey yan ön sapma tarafı olarak tanımlanır.</li>
	<li>Killian bir kesi ipsilaterally tarafında (yani, Konveks yan) maksimum sapma septal kıkırdak Mukokutanöz kavşağında bir No 15 bıçak ile olun. Dikey kesi, mümkün olduğunca yüksek nazal kavitede pistine devam ve burun boşluğuna zeminine ulaşır gibi özafagusu eğri septum başlatın. Not: Belgili tanımlık kesme müköz-perichondrium nazal septum, nüfuz gerekir.</li>
	<li>Kanama durumunda emiş Asansör ile subperichondrial düzlemde mukozal flep yükseltmek. Bir kanama olmadan, 2 mm ya da 5 mm Asansör ile kapağı kaldırın. Mümkün olduğu kadar yüksek yükseklik yukarı ve aşağı doğru dışbükey tarafında kıkırdak ve kemik septum tam olarak ortaya çıkarmak için burun boşluğuna yere uzatmak.</li>
	<li>2-mm Asansör veya bir sayı 15 bıçak keskin sonuna kıkırdak üzerinde kullanarak bir dikey kesi patolojisi ve dörtgen kıkırdak kavşağı ve Etmoid kemiğin dikey plaka anterior aşağı yapmak (yani, ilk satırı 2LoRs). aynı şekilde, yatay bir kesi kıkırdak üzerinde dörtgen kıkırdak, vomer kemiği ve üst sorguç (yani, ikinci satır) Kavşağı üstün yapmak (Şekil 2A). Not: Bu şekilde, septal kıkırdak onun arka ve alt ek kemik septum için seferber ve anterior ve superior eki olduğu gibi tutulur.</li>
	<li>Çift taraflı emiş Asansör ile kemik septum ortaya çıkarmak için kontralateral mucoperiosteum yükseltmek.</li>
	<li>Arka ve alt kenar boşlukları septal kıkırdak ve bitişik kemik septum (Şekil 1B) iki şeritler çıkarabileceğim.<ol>
<li>1/4 için 1/3 (zaman zaman 1/3 1/2) (Şekil 2B) ilk satırındaki hastanın boyuttaki kıkırdak özgün genişliğinin çıkarabileceğim.</li>
		<li>1/4 için 1/3 (zaman zaman 1/3 1/2) (Şekil 2C) ikinci satırda dikey boyut kıkırdak özgün yüksekliğini çıkarabileceğim.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Kalınlaşma kemikli septal sapmalar kaldırmak ve sapma geri orta hat için taşımak için kısmi kırık deplasman gerçekleştirin. Not: Arka ve alt kemik septum geniş kaldırılması tüm kalınlığı ve deformiteleri bu bölgedeki temizlemektir.</li>
	<li>İntraoperatif kanama elektrokoagülasyon tarafından kontrol.</li>
	<li>Mukozal flep absorbe malzeme (Şekil 2B) ile iki kesintiye uğramış dikiş tarafından yaklaşık.<ol>
<li>Dikiş arka belgili tanımlık kesme için başlamak, onları septum ile ters tarafına geçmek ve sonra onları geri cilt kesi sitesi anterior çekin.</li>
		<li>Dikiş kendilerini sırasıyla düğüm. İki dikiş paralel, bir üst üste yerleştirin.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>3. yordam ve ameliyat sonrası değerlendirme
<ol><li>Nasopore ile burun boşluğuna paketi.</li>
	<li>Hasta bir hematom veya septum enfeksiyon olup olmadığını kontrol etmek için ameliyattan sonra 1 hafta gözden geçirin.</li>
	<li>Ön rhinoscopy ve 0 derecelik endoskopi ile burun boşluğuna incelemek ve hastanın ameliyattan sonra 6 ay VAS ile onların burun a_ılabilinirse değerlendirmek için isteyin.</li>
	<li>Kayıt ameliyat sonrası septum hematom, geçici diş ağrısı, hypesthesia, synechiae, epistaksis, septum apse, septum salıncak, septal perforasyon ve patolojisi cerrahi komplikasyonlar daraltın.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Chung, B. J., Batra, P. S., Citardi, M. J., Lanza, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endoscopic+septoplasty:+revisitation+of+the+technique,+indications,+and+outcomes.">Endoscopic septoplasty: revisitation of the technique, indications, and outcomes.</a> The American Journal of Rhinology. 21 (3), 307-311 (2007).</li><li>Hwang, P. H., McLaughlin, R. B., Lanza, D. C., Kennedy, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endoscopic+septoplasty:+indications,+technique,+and+results.">Endoscopic septoplasty: indications, technique, and results.</a> Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 120 (5), 678-682 (1999).</li><li>Fettman, N., Sanford, T., Sindwani, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+management+of+the+deviated+septum:+techniques+in+septoplasty.">Surgical management of the deviated septum: techniques in septoplasty.</a> Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 42 (2), 241-252 (2009).</li><li>Killian, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+submucous+window+resection+of+the+nasal+septum.">The submucous window resection of the nasal septum.</a> Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology. 14, 363-393 (1905).</li><li>Freer, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+correction+of+deflections+of+the+nasal+septum+with+a+minimum+of+traumatism.">The correction of deflections of the nasal septum with a minimum of traumatism.</a> The Journal of The American Medical Association. 38, 636-642 (1902).</li><li>Aaronson, N. 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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interlocked+stresses+in+human+nasal+septal+cartilage.">Interlocked stresses in human nasal septal cartilage.</a> British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 19 (3), 276-278 (1966).</li><li>Wang, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+septoplasty+with+three+high+tension+lines+resection.">A modified septoplasty with three high tension lines resection.</a> Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 130 (5), 593-599 (2010).</li><li>Trimarchi, M., Bellini, C., Toma, S., Bussi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Back-and-forth+endoscopic+septoplasty:+analysis+of+the+technique+and+outcomes.">Back-and-forth endoscopic septoplasty: analysis of the technique and outcomes.</a> International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology. 2 (1), 40-44 (2012).</li><li>Kilicaslan, A., Acar, G. 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Yazarlar ifşa gerek yok.

2LoRs yordam sapma nazal septa Embriyoda ve anatomik bilgi üzerinde temel alır. Nazal septum üç farklı bileşenden oluşur: anterior membran, kıkırdak orta ve posterior ve inferior kemik. Nazal septum geliştirilmesi sırasında farklı bileşenleri farklı zaman serilerinde fiilini. Genellikle kemik onun uzantısı bitirdikten sonra kıkırdak hala iyileşene düzenlenmektedir. Bu nedenle, gerilmeler bitişik nazal septum deforme ilk kuvvetlerinde kaynaklanan kemik septum kıkırdağı sınırları üzerinde biri...

Endoskopik septoplasti nazal hava yolu obstrüksiyonu nazal septal sapma1tarafından neden tedavi etmek için kulak burun boğaz içinde sık gerçekleştirilen bir cerrahi işlemdir. Septoplasti amacı nazal hava yolu obstrüksiyonu göstergesi ile nazal hava yolu açıklık bir fonksiyonel iyileşme sağlamaktır ve minimal cerrahi Invasion2septal sapmayı düzeltmek için ilkedir.
Septoplasti, hala bugün kullanılan bir yordam başında geri özgür ve Killian submucous rezeksiyon (SMR)3denilen Nahcivan içinde Yayınlanan teknik izler. SMR yapısal burun4,5görünümünü desteklemek için bir L şeklinde strut bırakarak bir burun kıkırdak sapma subperichondrial uçakta, doğrudan onun kaldırma karakterizedir. Nedenle yavaş yavaş kabul elde SMR onun zaman, önceki teknikleri üzerinde avantajları gösterdi. 1990'larda, endoskopi septoplasti1olarak uygulandı. Aydınlatma ve görselleştirme cerrahi alanın son derece düzeldi ve rezeksiyon doğrudan ve tam olarak yerine olabilir6. Bundan sonra SMR belirtileri uzatılmıştır ve çeşitli septoplasti teknikleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu teknikler kesi, flep yükselmesi, eksizyon, dikiş veya ambalaj çeşitlendirilmiş iken, doğrudan kaldırma özünü değişmedi. Bu nedenle, bir kez kıkırdak önemli ölçüde rezeke, büyük septum perforasyonu ya da bir eyer burun şekil bozukluğu gibi komplikasyonlar7,8oluşacak.
Cottle ve 1948 yılında önerilen Loring, burnunda kıkırdak rezeksiyon muhafazakar9olmalıdır. Kıkırdak sapma doğrudan kaldırılması farklı, septoplasti için uygulanan kıkırdak biyomekanik kıkırdak sapma sınırlı bir cerrahi düzleştirmek için kıkırdak doğasında elastik özellik kullanımı gerektirir müdahale, kısmi kesiler (Örneğin, çizik veya ince dilimler) ve tam insizyon (Örneğin, tam kesim veya takozlar) gibi. 1958 yılında, Gibson ve Davis ilk kıkırdak bir iç kendini kilitli stres sistemi onun büyüme desen10sonucu olduğunu bildirdi. Kısmi kesiler içbükey tarafı dışbükey tarafında kesikler eğilme artıracak iken böylece kıkırdak, selam azalan stres, serbest. 1963, Kenedi, Gibson, ve Abrahams daha fazla kaburga kıkırdağı11güç dağıtım bir kesit, harita çalışmaları kendi kendine kilitli stres sistemi bir dizi gösterdi. Aynı yıl Stenstrom antihelix12kısmi kesiler etkisini doğrulanmadı. Birkaç yıl sonra Fry tutarlı13yaşından insan nazal septal kıkırdak sonuçlarına yayınlandı. Başka bir deyişle, kıkırdak biyomekanik kıkırdak içinde güçler serbest bırakarak kıkırdak morfolojisi değiştirmek için kullanılabilir. Bu teorik temeline dayanarak, biyomekanik özellikleri kıkırdak yararlanır bir cerrahi işlem Gelişmiş14yaşındaydım.
Önceki cerrahi girişimler nazal septum, işte, değiştirilmiş endoskopik septoplasti yordamı embryologic ve anatomik bilgi sınırlı iki satırlık rezeksiyon (2LoRs) tekniği ile arka ve alt kavşağında birleştirme kıkırdak ve kemik septum (Şekil 1) ayrıntılı olarak sunulmaktadır. Bu yordam dış burun deformiteleri yok, burun a_ılabilinirse iyileştirmek veya orta verin veya aksiler bölgede orta konka ameliyat öncesi bir işlem olarak erişimi geliştirmek için vardır burnunda burun septa düzeltmek için önerilir. Bu yordamı Ayrıca çocuklarda septal sapma minimal invaziv yaklaşımı nedeniyle düzeltmek için kullanılabilir.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:755px;" width="755">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">Nasal Endoscopy (0o)</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Karl Storz-Endoskope</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">7230 AA</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">Tetracaine</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Eye &#38; ENT Hospital of Fudan University</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">180130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">Epinephrine Hydrochloride Injection</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Shanghai Harvest Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">10170405</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">Number 15 blade</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Shanghai Pudong Jinhuan Medical Products Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">35T1205</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">Suction Elevator</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Zhejiang Tian Song Medical Products Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">B2117.1</td>
			<td>Width: 4 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">Electrocoagulation</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Shanghai Hutong Electronics. Co.,Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">GD350-B5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">4-0 Brided Absorbable Suture</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Covidien Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">SL-691</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">Rongeur forcep</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Zhejiang Tian Song Medical Products Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">B2300.3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">Nasopore</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Nasopore, Stryker, USA</td>
			<td style="width:127px;"></td>
			<td>Lengh: 8 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">Gauze</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Ningbo Shenyuan Medical Material Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:127px;"></td>
			<td>6 cm x 60 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">5mm Elevator</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Zhejiang Tian Song Medical Products Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">B2067</td>
			<td>Width: 5 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">2mm Elevator</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Shanghai Medical Instruments (Group) Ltd., Corp. Surgical Instruments Factory</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">HBL020</td>
			<td>Width: 2 mm</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

endoscopic septoplasty with limited two-line resection: minimally invasive surgery for septal deviation

Endoskopik septoplasti nazal septal sapma tarafından neden olduğu nazal hava yolu tıkanıklığı tedavisinde yaygın olarak gerçekleştirilen kulak burun boğaz bir cerrahi işlemdir. Birden fazla varyasyon içeren uzun bir geçmişi vardır. Bu makalede, burun kemiği, embryologic ve anatomik bilgiye dayalı kıkırdak ve kemik septum arka ve alt kavşağında sınırlı iki satırlık rezeksiyon (2LoRs) tekniği kullanılarak değiştirilmiş endoskopik septoplasti yordamı sunulur septum ve biyomekanik kıkırdak davranış. Bu yordamla, dörtgen kıkırdak hangi destek çerçevesi ve septum rigidness istinat yardımcı olur mümkün olduğu kadar korunabilir. 2LoRs etkili ve ses nazal septal sapma ender komplikasyonları ile düzeltilmesi için kanıtlanmıştır. Bu değiştirilmiş yordamı sapma nazal septum yokluğunda, herhangi bir dış burun şekil bozukluğu burun açıklık geliştirmeye veya orta verin veya orta konka aksiler bölge erişimi artırmak için düzeltmek için uygulanabilir. Septoplasti belirtileri çocuklar ve gençler için minimal invaziv yaklaşımı nedeniyle genişletmek için de kullanılabilir.

Yetişkin hastalarda (> 18 yaşından büyük) ile nazal septal sapma bu çalışmaya dahil. Nazal septal sapma hastalarda kronik rinosinüzittir, sinonasal tümörleri, dış burun deformiteleri eşlik etti ve septoplasti önceki cerrahi öyküsü olanlar dışlandı. Düz bir patolojisi ama kaudal kıkırdak çıkmış olan hastalarda da o kadar büyük kapalı irtica hangi burun vestibules birine fırlamıştı hariç de.
Otu...

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Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation

Endoskopik septoplasti birden çok varyasyon içeren geleneksel bir cerrahi işlemdir. Bu kağıt sınırlı iki satırlık rezeksiyon bilinen bir değiştirilmiş septoplasti yordamı gerçekleştirmek için adım adım bir cerrahi yaklaşım üzerinde duruluyor. Bu cerrahi teknik bir sapma nazal septum yokluğunda bir dış burun şekil bozukluğu, düzeltmek için uygulanabilir.

Sınırlı iki satırlık rezeksiyon ile endoskopik septoplasti: Septal sapma için minimal invaziv cerrahi

Endoscopic septoplasty is a surgical procedure in otolaryngology that is commonly performed to treat nasal airway obstruction caused by nasal septal ...

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16.5K Görüntüleme.  Fudan University. Endoskopik septoplasti birden çok varyasyon içeren geleneksel bir cerrahi işlemdir. Bu kağıt sınırlı iki satırlık rezeksiyon bilinen bir değiştirilmiş septoplasti yordamı gerçekleştirmek için adım adım bir cerrahi yaklaşım üzerinde duruluyor. Bu cerrahi teknik bir sapma nazal septum yokluğunda bir dış burun şekil bozukluğu, düzeltmek için uygulanabilir.

Video: Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation

Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis

Intestinal resections are frequently required for treatment of diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, with Crohn&#8217;s disease and colon cancer being two common examples. Despite the frequency of these procedures, a significant knowledge gap remains in describing the inherent effects of intestinal resection on host physiology and disease pathophysiology. This article provides detailed instructions for an ileocolic resection with primary end-to-end anastomosis in mice, as well as essential aspects of peri-operative care to maximize post-operative success. When followed closely, this procedure yields a 95% long-term survival rate, no failure to thrive, and minimizes post-operative complications of bowel obstruction and anastomotic leak. The technical challenges of performing the procedure in mice are a barrier to its wide spread use in research. The skills described in this article can be acquired without previous surgical experience. Once mastered, the murine ileocolic resection procedure will provide a reproducible tool for studying the effects of intestinal resection in models of human disease.

Ileocolic resection is commonly performed in several human diseases; however, little is known regarding the impact of intestinal resection on surgical illnesses. This article provides instruction on executing the procedure in mice with high success, providing a means to study the effects of ileocolic resection in models of disease.

İlköğretim Anastomoza sahip fare ileokolonik Bağırsak Rezeksiyon

Intestinal resections are frequently required for treatment of diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, with Crohn&#8217;s disease and colon cancer ...

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Encapsulation Thermogenic Preadipocytes for Transplantation into Adipose Tissue Depots

Cell encapsulation was developed to entrap viable cells within semi-permeable membranes. The engrafted encapsulated cells can exchange low molecular weight metabolites in tissues of the treated host to achieve long-term survival. The semipermeable membrane allows engrafted encapsulated cells to avoid rejection by the immune system. The encapsulation procedure was designed to enable a controlled release of bioactive compounds, such as insulin, other hormones, and cytokines. Here we describe a method for encapsulation of catabolic cells, which consume lipids for heat production and energy dissipation (thermogenesis) in the intra-abdominal adipose tissue of obese mice. Encapsulation of thermogenic catabolic cells may be potentially applicable to the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Another potential application of catabolic cells may include detoxification from alcohols or other toxic metabolites and environmental pollutants.

Here, we present a protocol for encapsulation of catabolic cells, which consume lipids for heat production in intra-abdominal adipose tissue and increase energy dissipation in obese mice.

Yağ Dokusu Depolarında içine Nakli Enkapsülasyon termojenik Preadipositler

Cell encapsulation was developed to entrap viable cells within semi-permeable membranes. The engrafted encapsulated cells can exchange low molecular ...

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery

The growing popularity of minimally invasive surgical (MIS) procedures makes it necessary that new anatomical references arise, to aid in tridimensional orientation and localization of structures that are not directly visible to the surgeon. This is especially critical for structures at risk like nerves or blood vessels. Optimization of the handling of cadaveric material and the combination of multiple techniques compensate for the limited availability of adequate specimens. The described protocol combines anatomical plane-by-plane dissection and sectional anatomy of fresh-frozen specimens to help localize relevant structures, such as nerves, arteries, veins and to correctly position the portals during MIS procedures. Depiction of these structures in anatomy textbooks can differ from what is encountered in the surgical field; and for this reason, new anatomical studies with a surgical orientation are needed. However, this is a complex, time-consuming technique requiring specific training. The anatomical references described with the so-called 'clock method' provide the surgeon with an easy and reproducible system to locate the path of the nerves at risk in Hallux Valgus MIS procedures. This model can be extrapolated to many other minimally invasive surgical procedures.

Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) procedures rely on anatomical references to localize structures not directly visible to the surgeon. This manuscript describes a combined method of plane-by-plane dissection and sectional anatomy of fresh-frozen specimens to locate the structures at risk during MIS procedures.

Minimal invaziv Hallux Valgus ameliyat sırasında Risk altında sinirler anatomik bir çalışma

The growing popularity of minimally invasive surgical (MIS) procedures makes it necessary that new anatomical references arise, to aid in tridimensional ...

A Minimally Invasive Model to Analyze Endochondral Fracture Healing in Mice Under Standardized Biomechanical Conditions

Bone healing models are necessary to analyze the complex mechanisms of fracture healing to improve clinical fracture treatment. During the last decade, an increased use of mouse models in orthopedic research was noted, most probably because mouse models offer a large number of genetically-modified strains and special antibodies for the analysis of molecular mechanisms of fracture healing. To control the biomechanical conditions, well-characterized osteosynthesis techniques are mandatory, also in mice. Here, we report on the design and use of a closed bone healing model to stabilize femur fractures in mice. The intramedullary screw, made of medical-grade stainless steel, provides through fracture compression an axial and rotational stability compared to the mostly used simple intramedullary pins, which show a complete lack of axial and rotational stability. The stability achieved by the intramedullary screw allows the analysis of endochondral healing. A large amount of callus tissue, received after stabilization with the screw, offers ideal conditions to harvest tissue for biochemical and molecular analyses. A further advantage of the use of the screw is the fact that the screw can be inserted into the femur with a minimally invasive technique without inducing damage to the soft tissue. In conclusion, the screw is a unique implant that can ideally be used in closed fracture healing models offering standardized biomechanical conditions.

This protocol describes a minimally invasive osteosynthesis technique using an intramedullary screw for standardized stabilization of femur fractures, which can be used to analyze endochondral bone healing in mice.

Endochondral standart biyomekanik koşullar altında farelerde şifa kırık çözümlemek için minimal invaziv bir Model

Bone healing models are necessary to analyze the complex mechanisms of fracture healing to improve clinical fracture treatment. During the last decade, an ...

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is commonly used for the treatment of spinal stenosis, degenerative disc disease, and spondylolisthesis. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches have been applied to this technique with an associated decrease in estimated blood loss (EBL), length of hospital stay, and infection rates, while preserving outcomes with traditional open surgery. Previous MIS TLIF techniques involve significant fluoroscopy that subjects the patient, surgeon, and operating room staff to non-trivial levels of radiation exposure, particularly for complex multi-level procedures. We present a technique that utilizes an intraoperative computed tomography (CT) scan to aid in placement of pedicle screws, followed by traditional fluoroscopy for confirmation of cage placement. Patients are positioned in the standard fashion and a reference arc is placed in the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) followed by intraoperative CT scan. This allows for image-guidance-based placement of pedicle screws through a one-inch skin incision on each side. Unlike traditional MIS-TLIF that requires significant fluoroscopic imaging during this stage, the operation can now be performed without any additional radiation exposure to the patient or operating room staff. After completion of the facetectomy and discectomy, final TLIF cage placement is confirmed with fluoroscopy. This technique has the potential to decrease operative time and minimize total radiation exposure.

The purpose of this article is to provide image-guidance for minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion.

Minimal Invaziv transforaminal Interbody Fusion için koni ışını Intraoperatif bilgisayarlı tomografi tabanlı görüntü Kılavuzu

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is commonly used for the treatment of spinal stenosis, degenerative disc disease, and spondylolisthesis. ...

Electromagnetic Navigation Transthoracic Nodule Localization for Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery

The increased use of chest computed tomography (CT) has led to an increased detection of pulmonary nodules requiring diagnostic evaluation and/or excision. Many of these nodules are identified and excised via minimally invasive thoracic surgery; however, subcentimeter and subsolid nodules are frequently difficult to identify intra-operatively. This can be mitigated by the use of electromagnetic transthoracic needle localization. This protocol delineates the step-by-step process of electromagnetic localization from the pre-operative period to the postoperative period and is an adaptation of the electromagnetically guided percutaneous biopsy previously described by Arias et al. Pre-operative steps include obtaining a same day CT followed by the generation of a three-dimensional virtual map of the lung. From this map, the target lesion(s) and an entry site are chosen. In the operating room, the virtual reconstruction of the lung is then calibrated with the patient and the electromagnetic navigation platform. The patient is then sedated, intubated, and placed in the lateral decubitus position. Using a sterile technique and visualization from multiple views, the needle is inserted into the chest wall at the prechosen skin entry site and driven down to the target lesion. Dye is then injected into the lesion and, then, continuously during needle withdrawal, creating a tract for visualization intra-operatively. This method has many potential benefits when compared to the CT-guided localization, including a decreased radiation exposure and decreased time between the dye injection and the surgery. Dye diffusion from the pathway occurs over time, thereby limiting intra-operative nodule identification. By decreasing the time to surgery, there is a decrease in wait time for the patient, and less time for dye diffusion to occur, resulting in an improvement in nodule localization. When compared to electromagnetic bronchoscopy, airway architecture is no longer a limitation as the target nodule is accessed via a transparenchymal approach. Details of this procedure are described in a step-by-step fashion.

Presented here is a protocol for lung nodule localization using dye marking via electromagnetically navigated transthoracic needle access. The technique described here can be accomplished in the peri-operative period to optimize nodule localization and to successful resection when performing minimally invasive thoracic surgery.

Minimal İnvaziv Göğüs Cerrahisinde Elektromanyetik Navigasyon Transtorasik Nodül Lokalizasyonu

The increased use of chest computed tomography (CT) has led to an increased detection of pulmonary nodules requiring diagnostic evaluation and/or ...

A Pre-clinical Rat Model for the Study of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Reconstructive Microsurgery

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main cause of flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. The rat is the preferred preclinical animal model in many areas of biomedical research due to its cost-effectiveness and its translation to humans. This protocol describes a method to create a preclinical free skin flap model in rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury. The described 3 cm x 6 cm rat free skin flap model is easily obtained after the placement of several vascular ligatures and the section of the vascular pedicle. Then, 8 h after the ischemic insult and completion of the microsurgical anastomosis, the free skin flap develops the tissue damage. These ischemia-reperfusion injury-related damages can be studied in this model, making it a suitable model for evaluating therapeutic agents to address this pathophysiological process. Furthermore, two main monitoring techniques are described in the protocol for the assessment of this animal model: transit-time ultrasound technology and laser speckle contrast analysis.

Here, we describe a pre-clinical animal model for studying the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion injury in reconstructive microsurgery. This free skin flap model based on the superficial caudal epigastric vessels in the rat may also allow for the evaluation of different therapies and compounds to counteract ischemia-reperfusion injury-related damage.

Rekonstrüktif Mikrocerrahide İskemi-Reperfüzyon Hasarı Nın İnceleştirilmesinde Klinik Öncesi Sıçan Modeli

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main cause of flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. The rat is the preferred preclinical animal model in many ...

Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor

Capnography is commonly used to monitor patient&#8217;s ventilatory status. While sidestream capnography has been shown to provide a reliable assessment of end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2), its accuracy is commonly validated using commercial kits composed of a capnography monitor and its matching disposable nasal cannula sampling lines. The purpose of this study was to assess the compatibility and accuracy of cross-paired capnography sampling lines with a single portable bedside capnography monitor. A series of 4 bench tests were performed to evaluate the tensile strength, rise time, ETCO2 accuracy as a function of respiratory rate, and ETCO2 accuracy in the presence of supplemental O2. Each bench test was performed using specialized, validated equipment to allow for a full evaluation of sampling line performance. The 4 bench tests successfully differentiated between sampling lines from different commercial sources and suggested that due to increased rise time and decreased ETCO2 accuracy, not all nasal cannula sampling lines provide reliable clinical data when cross-paired with a commercial capnography monitor. Care should be taken to ensure that any cross-pairing of capnography monitors and disposable sampling lines is fully validated for use across respiratory rates and supplemental O2 flow rates commonly encountered in clinical settings.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of capnography sampling lines used in conjunction with a portable bedside capnography monitor. Sampling lines from 7 manufacturers were evaluated for tensile strength, rise time, and ETCO2 accuracy as a function of respiratory rate or supplemental oxygen flow rate.

Taşınabilir Kapnografi Monitörü ile Kullanıldığında Kapnografi Örnekleme Hattı Uyumluluğunun ve Doğruluğunun Değerlendirilmesi

Capnography is commonly used to monitor patient&#8217;s ventilatory status. While sidestream capnography has been shown to provide a reliable assessment ...

Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery

Implementation of endoscopes in cholesteatoma surgery resulted in considerable changes in the management of cholesteatoma in the last two decades. Compared to the microscopic approach with an excellent but straight-line view and limited illumination, the introduction of endoscopes provides a wide-angled panoramic view. Moreover, angled lenses allow the surgeon to visualize the middle ear and its hidden recesses through a transcanal, minimally-invasive approach. The endoscope enables the surgeon to remove limited cholesteatoma of the middle ear and its recesses using an exclusive endoscopic technique by taking advantage of these benefits. This reduces the rate of residual disease and sparing external incisions and excessive temporal bone drilling as in a transmastoid approach. Since transcanal endoscopic access is mainly a one-handed technique, it implies the need for specific procedures and technical refinements. This article describes a step-by-step guide as a surgical manual for endoscopic removal of epitympanic cholesteatoma. Different techniques for cholesteatoma dissection and bone removal for epitympanectomy, including curettage and powered instruments such as drills and ultrasonic devices with their outcomes, are discussed. This may offer ear surgeons insight into technical refinements and the latest technological developments and open the horizon for different techniques.

The present protocol describes a step-by-step guide for the complete endoscopic removal of epitympanic cholesteatoma with different techniques for cholesteatoma dissection and bone removal for epitympanectomy.

Endoskopik Kolesteatom Cerrahisi

Implementation of endoscopes in cholesteatoma surgery resulted in considerable changes in the management of cholesteatoma in the last two decades. ...

Clinical Application of Microscope-Assisted Minimally Invasive Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion

This study aims to investigate the technical aspects of microscope-assisted anterior decompression fusion and to introduce a spreader system suitable for minimally invasive anterior lumbar interbody fusion (Mini-ALIF). This article is a technical description of anterior lumbar spine surgery under a microscope. We retrospectively collected information on patients who underwent microscope-assisted Mini-ALIF surgery at our hospital between July 2020 and August 2022. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare imaging indicators between periods. Forty-two patients were included in the study. The mean volume of intraoperative bleeding was 180 mL, and the mean operative time was 143 min. The mean follow-up time was 18 months. Apart from one case of peritoneal rupture, no other serious complications occurred. The postoperative foramen and disc height were both higher on average than before surgery. The spreader-assisted micro-Mini-ALIF is simple and easy to use. It can provide good intraoperative disc exposure, good discrimination of important structures, adequate spreading of the intervertebral space, and the restoration of the necessary intervertebral height, which is very helpful for less experienced surgeons.

The technique described in this article is well-suited to the Mini-ALIF procedure, allows for excellent exposure and decompression, and facilitates microscope-assisted manipulation.

Mikroskop Yardımlı Minimal İnvaziv Anterior Lomber İnterbody Füzyonunun Klinik Uygulaması

This study aims to investigate the technical aspects of microscope-assisted anterior decompression fusion and to introduce a spreader system suitable for ...