Yazarlar köpek sterilizasyon program UNESP-FCAV, lütfen yumurtalık sağlamak için kabul etmiş oluyorsunuz. Bu eser FAPESP (işlem No 2013/14293-0) ve burunları gelen hibe tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Bu deney dört melez kadın köpek bir köpek sterilizasyon programı seçmeli ameliyat sonrası hibe yumurtalık ile gerçekleştirildi. Bu deney UNESP-FCAV (protokol No 026991/13) hayvanların kullanımı Etik Komitesi tarafından kabul edildi.
1. deneysel hazırlık
<ol><li>Hazırlamak veya 500 mL steril Dulbecco'nın fosfat tamponlu tuz (DPBS) kalsiyum ve magnezyum olmadan satın alın.</li>
	<li>Bir collagenase hazırlamak enzim DPBS 1 ml 40 µg karıştırılarak çözüm stok. 0.2 µm şırınga filtre kullanarak filtre uygulama ve 2 mL aliquots-20 ° C'de depolayın</li>
	<li>Dulbecco'nın değiştirilmiş kartal Orta (DMEM) düşük glikoz % 10 fetal serum ve antibiyotiklerin % 1 ile kültür ortamından hazırlayın.</li>
	<li>Steril malzeme toplamak: makas ve forseps, doku kültürü flask, yemekler, tüpler ve 10 mL ve 5 mL pipetler.</li>
	<li>Standart hücre kültür Labaratuar donanımları kullanın: bir biyolojik emanet dolabı (BSC), % 5 CO2 ve 38 ° C ve bir santrifüj ayarlamak bir hücre kültür kuluçka makinesi.</li>
	<li>BSC temiz: eldivenli elleriyle % 70 ile sterilize alkol, UV ışığı kullanarak.</li>
</ol>2. izolasyon yumurtalık mezenkimal kök hücre
<ol><li>Ameliyattan sonra onların varış laboratuarındaki kadar PBS bir konik tüp buzda yumurtalık unutmayın.</li>
	<li>100 mm Petri tabağı PBS 10 mL ile doldurulması.</li>
	<li>Yumurtalık tüpü çıkarması ve PBS ile ilk Petri kabına aktarın. Onları hareketleri karıştırma ile yıkayın.</li>
	<li>Yavaşça yumurtalık almak ve başka bir çanak içine yerleştirin. Steril cımbız ve makas ile çok küçük parçalara, yaklaşık 1 mm boyutunda doku kıyma.</li>
	<li>Yumurtalık dokusu bir 35 mm Petri kabına aktarın ve collagenase 2 mL ekleyin. Doku biraz daha kıyma.</li>
	<li>38 ° c kuluçka 3 h için Petri kabına yerleştirin ve yavaşça dairesel hareketler her 20 min ile Petri kabına sallamak.</li>
	<li>3 saat sonra Petri kabına kuluçka makinesi kaldırın.</li>
	<li>Yemeğin içeriğini 15 mL tüp aktarmak. Genişletme ortam 5 mL ekleyin.</li>
	<li>Santrifüjü önce tüpü yavaşça tersine çevirin. 2100 x g 7 dk. kaldır at tüp süpernatant santrifüj kapasitesi ve Pelet genişleme medya 3 mL ile resuspend.</li>
	<li>Pelet T25 biberondan aktarın. Kuluçka % 5 ile şişe koyun 3 h için 38 ° C'de CO2 . Not: Prosedürün en önemli kısmı kuluçka 3 h sonra medya değiştirmektir.</li>
	<li>Şişe kuluçka makinesi kaldırın ve medya kalan doku ile kaldırın. Taze genişleme medya 3 mL şişe ekleyin.</li>
	<li>Medya her 48 h değiştirmek ve hücresel izdiham için şişe gözlemlemek. Not: Yordamı ana adımları Şekil 1' de görülebilir.</li>
</ol>3. yumurtalık mezenkimal kök hücre genişlemesi
<ol><li>
Hücre geçiş
	<ol>
<li>Hücreleri izdiham ulaştığınızda, medyayı şişeden çıkarın.</li>
		<li>PBS ile 3 mL şişe yıkama. PBS kaldırın.</li>
		<li>Tripsin ve şişe 38 ° C'de kuluçka 3 dakika süreyle hafifçe dokunun ayırmak için hücreleri yardımcı şişe yerine 1,5 mL ekleyin. Not: Hücreleri izdiham yaklaşık 5 - 7 sonra ilk kaplama d ulaştırılması gerekmektedir.</li>
		<li>Genişletme ortam 3 mL ekleyin ve içeriği bir konik tüp aktarın.</li>
		<li>2100 x g 7 dk. kaldır at tüp süpernatant santrifüj kapasitesi ve 1 mL genişleme medya ekleyin.</li>
		<li>Yavaşça tüp içeriğini lunaparkçı.</li>
		<li>10 µL sayma ve hücreleri ile tüp da kuluçka makinesine koy hücre gerçekleştirmek için örnek bir aliquot al.</li>
		<li>Karışımı içine hemasitometre yer 10 µL.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
Hücreleri sayma
	<ol>
<li>Hemasitometre kılavuz çizgileri üzerinde odaklanmak ve mikroskop'ın 10 X objektif kullanın.</li>
		<li>Beş küçük kareler (Şekil 2) içinde hücreleri saymak.</li>
		<li>Sayılan sayısı mililitre başına hücre sayısı tahmin etmek için 50.000 tarafından çarpın.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>4. yumurtalık mezenkimal kök hücre farklılaşma
Not: Hill ve ark. içinde kurulan esaslarına göre farklılaşma deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir 9.
<ol><li>Kuyuda nüsha, 4-şey kültür tabak başına tohum 1.0 x 104 hücre.</li>
	<li>Genişletme ortam 1 mL ekleyin.</li>
	<li>Yavaşça dairesel hareketler ile çanak kışkırtmak.</li>
	<li>24 saat sonra arzu edilen farklılaşma medya ile kültür ortamı değiştirin.</li>
	<li>İçin osteojenik, Adipojenik ve chondrogenic farklılaşma, kuluçkaya indüksiyon medya 30 d için hücrelerle, Medya değiştirme ile her 3 ö. belirli farklılaşma kitleri her bu deneyleri için kullanıldı.</li>
	<li>Nörojenik lineage farklılaşma için indüksiyon medya, medya değiştirilmesi her 3 d ile 10 d için hücreleri kuluçkaya. Burada kullanılan ortamı DMEM düşük glikoz, 2 mM valproik asit, 1 µM hidrokortizon, 10 µM forskolin, 5 mM potasyum klorür, 5 µg/mL insülin ve 200 µM butylated hydroxyanisole yer.</li>
	<li>Endoderm medya reaktif üreticinin yönergelerine göre 5 d için endoderm öncüleri, kuluçkaya.</li>
	<li>Primordial germ hücreli lineage farklılaşma için indüksiyon medya medya değiştirilmesi her 3 d ile 14 d için hücrelerde kuluçkaya. Burada kullanılan medya bulunan DMEM, %10 FBS, 1 mM sodyum pyruvate, 10 ng/mL LIF, 1 mM gerekli olmayan amino asitler, 2 mM L-glutamin, 5 µg/mL insülin, 0,1 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 60 µM putrescine, 20 µg/mL transferrin, 10 ng/mL fare epidermal büyüme faktörü, 1 ng/mL insan temel fibroblast büyüme faktörü, 40 ng/mL insan gliyal hücre satırı kaynaklı nörotrofik faktör ve 15 mg/L penisilin.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Gazit, Z., Pelled, G., Sheyn, D., Kimelman, N., Gazit, D., Atala, A., Lanza, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cells.">Mesenchymal stem cells.</a> Handbook of Stem Cells (2nd Edition). , 513-527 (2013).</li><li>Zipori, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+nature+of+stem+cells:+state+rather+than+entity.">The nature of stem cells: state rather than entity.</a> Nature Reviews Genetics. 5 (11), 873-878 (2004).</li><li>Auersperg, N., Wong, A. S., Choi, K. C., Kang, S. K., Leung, P. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ovarian+surface+epithelium:+biology,+endocrinology,+and+pathology.">Ovarian surface epithelium: biology, endocrinology, and pathology.</a> Endocrine Reviews. 22 (2), 255-288 (2001).</li><li>Ahmed, N., Thompson, E. W., Quinn, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epithelial-mesenchymal+interconversions+in+normal+ovarian+surface+epithelium+and+ovarian+carcinomas:+an+exception+to+the+norm.">Epithelial-mesenchymal interconversions in normal ovarian surface epithelium and ovarian carcinomas: an exception to the norm.</a> Journal of Cellular Physiology. 213 (3), 581-588 (2007).</li><li>Bukovsky, A., Svetlikova, M., Caudle, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oogenesis+in+cultures+derived+from+adult+human+ovaries.">Oogenesis in cultures derived from adult human ovaries.</a> Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 3 (1), 17 (2005).</li><li>Gong, S. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryonic+stem+cell-like+cells+established+by+culture+of+adult+ovarian+cells+in+mice.">Embryonic stem cell-like cells established by culture of adult ovarian cells in mice.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 93 (8), 2594-2601 (2010).</li><li>Johnson, J., Canning, J., Kaneko, T., Pru, J. K., Tilly, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Germline+stem+cells+and+follicular+renewal+in+the+postnatal+mammalian+ovary.">Germline stem cells and follicular renewal in the postnatal mammalian ovary.</a> Nature. 428 (6979), 145 (2004).</li><li>Deans, R. J., Moseley, A. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cells:+biology+and+potential+clinical+uses.">Mesenchymal stem cells: biology and potential clinical uses.</a> Experimental Hematology. 28 (8), 875-884 (2000).</li><li>Trinda Hill, A. B. T., Therrien, J., Garcia, J. M., Smith, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal-like+stem+cells+in+canine+ovary+show+high+differentiation+potential.">Mesenchymal-like stem cells in canine ovary show high differentiation potential.</a> Cell Proliferation. 50 (6), 12391 (2017).</li><li>Dominici, M. L. B. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimal+criteria+for+defining+multipotent+mesenchymal+stromal+cells.+The+International+Society+for+Cellular+Therapy+position+statement.">Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement.</a> Cytotherapy. 8, 4315-4317 (2006).</li><li>Friedenstein, A. J., Piatetzky-Shapiro, I. I., Petrakova, K. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteogenesis+in+transplants+of+bone+marrow+cells.">Osteogenesis in transplants of bone marrow cells.</a> Development. 16 (3), 381-390 (1966).</li><li>Kuznetsov, S. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-colony+derived+strains+of+human+marrow+stromal+fibroblasts+form+bone+after+transplantation+in+vivo.">Single-colony derived strains of human marrow stromal fibroblasts form bone after transplantation in vivo.</a> Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 12 (9), 1335-1347 (1997).</li></ol>

Yazarlar ifşa gerek yok.

Burada kanıt MSCs ovariectomy sonra biyolojik atık olarak kabul edilir köpek yumurtalık dokusu yalıtılmış olmasını sağlamak. Birçok hücre tipleri-ebilmek bulunmak içinde Yumurtalık nedeniyle gerçeğini, başarılı bir şekilde büyüdü hücreleri bir monolayer fibroblast benzeri görünümdeki seçili plastik hızlı onların bağlılığı dayalı MSCs seçmek için bir protokol evlenme teklif etti.
MSCs türetmeye kemik iliği ilk rapor MSCs plastik yapışma kapasitesini k...

Kök hücreler üzerinde odak önemli ölçüde güçlü rejeneratif tıp terapiler keşfetmek toplu amacı tarafından yakıt oldu bir araştırma çaba son on yıl içinde artmıştır yayımlanmış çalışmaları sayısı. Kök hücreler var iki birincil tanımlama işaretleri: öz - yenileme ve farklılaşma. Mezenkimal kök hücre normal doku ciro için sorumlu ve embriyonik kök hücre1' e göre farklılaşma daha sınırlı bir kapasiteye sahip. Son zamanlarda, birçok çalışma geniş bir MSCs farklılaşma göstermiştir ve olup farklar embriyonik ve yetişkin kök hücreleri arasındaki tüm2adlı bir konudur tartışma altında.
Ovarium yüzey epitel hücreleri yanıt olarak farklı türdeki ayırt etmek için kapasite istinat hem epitelyal ve mezenkimal işaretçileri3, ifade farklılaşmış, bir kaydedilmemiş katman hücre, nispeten daha az olduğunu çevre sinyalleri4. Yumurtalık kök hücre tam konumunu iyi bilinen değildir; Ancak, tunica albuginea bipotential ataları germ hücreleri5' e çıkmasına önerilmiştir. İmmünolojik araştırmalar bu hücreler stromal kökenli6 veya içinde bulunduğu veya proksimal Over yüzey7onaylanmadığına karar. Mezenkimal kök hücre hücre adezyon8' önemli bir rol oynamaktadır çok sayıda reseptörleri hızlı beri bir deney bir nüfus hızlı adezyon içeren hücrelerin seçerek hücreleri nüfusu açıkça ayırmak hipotezi test etmek için tasarlanmıştır doğada mezenkimal olarak characterizable. Son zamanlarda, bizim grup MSCs türetmeye yumurtalık dokusu hücreleri hızlı yapışma9sergilenmesi arıtılmış nüfusu elde etmek için onların ilk 3 h kültür, kültür tabakta plastik yüzeyine yapışma üzerine kurulu kapasiteli bildirdi. Burada, yumurtalık dokusu mezenkimal kök hücre izolasyon için geliştirilen yöntem açıklanmaktadır.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">DPBS&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">14190144</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">Collagenase I</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">17100017</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">Tissue flask</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">CLS3056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">DMEM low glucose</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">11054020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">FBS</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">12484-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">TrypLE express</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">12604021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:221px;">StemPro Adipogenesis Differentiation Kit</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">A1007001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:221px;">StemPro Chondrogenesis Differentiation Kit</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">A1007101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:221px;">StemPro Osteogenesis Differentiation Kit</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">A1007201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:221px;">STEMdiff Definitive Endoderm Kit</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">StemCell</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">5110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">15070063</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">CD45</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">AbD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">MCA 2035S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">CD34</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">AbD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">MCA 2411GA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">CD90</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">AbD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">MCA 1036G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">CD44</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">AbD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">MCA 1041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">Nestin</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Milipore</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">MAB353</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">&#946;-Tubulin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Milipore</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">MAB1637</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">DDX4</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">PA5 -23378</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">IgG- FITC</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">AbD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">STAR80F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">IgG- FITC</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">AbD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">STAR120F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

derivation and differentiation of canine ovarian mesenchymal stem cells

Mezenkimal kök hücre (MSCs) ilgi yalıtım, genişleme ve kültür kolaylığı nedeniyle son on yıl içinde artmıştır. Son zamanlarda, çalışmalar bu hücreler sahip geniş farklılaşma kapasite göstermiştir. Yumurtalık hücre tabanlı terapiler için umut verici bir aday MSCs içinde zengin ve sık sık biyolojik atık olarak ovariectomy ameliyat sonra atılan nedeniyle gerçeğini temsil eder. Bu makalede, yalıtım, genişleme, için yordamlar açıklanır ve MSCs farklılaşma hücre sıralama gerekliliği olmadan köpek yumurtalık türetilmiştir teknikleri. Bu iletişim kuralı rejeneratif tıp için önemli bir araç nedeniyle klinik çalışmalar son derece türevlenebilir bu hücrelerde geniş uygulanabilirliği temsil eder ve terapötik kullanır.

Köpek yumurtalık mezenkimal kök hücre izolasyon:
Yumurtalık MSC yalıtım yordamı Şekil 1' de özetlenmiştir. Cerrahi, doku kıyma, collagenase sindirim ve medya Değiştir 3 h başında kültür sonra sonra hızlı plastik yapışkanlı özellikleri sözde MSC nüfusuyla başarıyla köpek yumurtalık dokusundan izole edildi. Hasat hücreleri hızla kültü...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Derivation and Differentiation of Canine Ovarian Mesenchymal Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Derivation and Differentiation of Canine Ovarian Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Burada, yalıtım, genişleme ve köpek yumurtalık dokusundan mezenkimal kök hücre farklılaşma için bir yöntem açıklanmaktadır.

Türetme ve köpek yumurtalık mezenkimal kök hücre farklılaşma

Interest in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has increased over the past decade due to their ease of isolation, expansion, and culture. Recently, studies ...

Bu işlemin genel amacı, izole etmek, genişletmek ve mezenkimal sapları ayırt etmek tir canine yumurtalık dokusundan elde edilen satıyor. Bu deney, köpek sterilizasyon programında elektif cerrahi sonrası bağışlanan dört melez dişi köpeğin yumurtalıkları ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu deney Sao Paulo State University, FVAC hayvanların kullanımı etik komitesi tarafından onaylanmıştır.Temsili sonuçlar. Tartışma.Sonuç.

derivation-differentiation-canine-ovarian-mesenchymal-stem

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

5.6K Görüntüleme.  São Paulo State University (UNESP). Bu işlemin genel amacı, izole etmek, genişletmek ve mezenkimal sapları ayırt etmek tir canine yumurtalık dokusundan elde edilen satıyor. Bu deney, köpek sterilizasyon programında elektif cerrahi sonrası bağışlanan dört melez dişi köpeğin yumurtalıkları ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu deney Sao Paulo State University, FVAC hayvanların kullanımı etik komitesi tarafından onaylanmıştır.Temsili sonuçlar. Tartışma.Sonuç.

Video: Derivation and Differentiation of Canine Ovarian Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and endothelial cells and hold great promise in cell therapy against heart disease. Among various methods to isolate CPCs, differentiation of embryonic stem cell (ESC) into CPCs attracts great attention in the field since ESCs can provide unlimited cell source. As a result, numerous strategies have been developed to derive CPCs from ESCs. In this protocol, differentiation and purification of embryonic CPCs from both mouse and human ESCs is described. Due to the difficulty of using cell surface markers to isolate embryonic CPCs, ESCs are engineered with fluorescent reporters activated by CPC-specific cre recombinase expression. Thus, CPCs can be enriched by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). This protocol illustrates procedures to form embryoid bodies (EBs) from ESCs for CPC specification and enrichment. The isolated CPCs can be subsequently cultured for cardiac lineage differentiation and other biological assays. This protocol is optimized for robust and efficient derivation of CPCs from both mouse and human ESCs.

In this protocol, derivation of cardiac progenitor cells from both mouse and human embryonic stem cells will be illustrated. A major strategy in this protocol is to enrich cardiac progenitor cells with flow cytometry using fluorescent reporters engineered into the embryonic stem cell lines.

Embriyonik Kök Hücreleri Kardiyak Progenitör Hücrelerinin türetilmesi

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and endothelial cells and hold great ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

Efficient Derivation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells from Stem Cells

No cure has been discovered for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 55. AMD is complex multifactorial disease with an unknown etiology, although it is largely thought to occur due to death or dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a monolayer of cells that underlies the retina and provides critical support for photoreceptors. RPE cell replacement strategies may hold great promise for providing therapeutic relief for a large subset of AMD patients, and RPE cells that strongly resemble primary human cells (hRPE) have been generated in multiple independent labs, including our own. In addition, the uses for iPS-RPE are not limited to cell-based therapies, but also have been used to model RPE diseases. These types of studies may not only elucidate the molecular bases of the diseases, but also serve as invaluable tools for developing and testing novel drugs. We present here an optimized protocol for directed differentiation of RPE from stem cells. Adding nicotinamide and either Activin A or IDE-1, a small molecule that mimics its effects, at specific time points, greatly enhances the yield of RPE cells. Using this technique we can derive large numbers of low passage RPE in as early as three months.

Stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells may be used for multiple applications including cell-based therapies for retinal degeneration, disease modeling, and drug studies. Here we present a simple protocol for reproducibly deriving RPE from stem cells.

Kök Hücreleri Retina pigment epiteli hücrelerinin Verimli türetilmesi

No cure has been discovered for age-related macular degeneration  (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 55. AMD is complex ...

Derivation of Highly Purified Cardiomyocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Small Molecule-modulated Differentiation and Subsequent Glucose Starvation

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have become an important cell source to address the lack of primary cardiomyocytes available for basic research and translational applications. To differentiate hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes, various protocols including embryoid body (EB)-based differentiation and growth factor induction have been developed. However, these protocols are inefficient and highly variable in their ability to generate purified cardiomyocytes. Recently, a small molecule-based protocol utilizing modulation of Wnt/&#946;-Catenin signaling was shown to promote cardiac differentiation with high efficiency. With this protocol, greater than 50%-60% of differentiated cells were cardiac troponin-positive cardiomyocytes were consistently observed. To further increase cardiomyocyte purity, the differentiated cells were subjected to glucose starvation to specifically eliminate non-cardiomyocytes based on the metabolic differences between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes. Using this selection strategy, we consistently obtained a greater than 30% increase in the ratio of cardiomyocytes to non-cardiomyocytes in a population of differentiated cells. These highly purified cardiomyocytes should enhance the reliability of results from human iPSC-based in vitro disease modeling studies and drug screening assays.

Here, we describe a robust protocol for human cardiomyocyte derivation that combines small molecule-modulated cardiac differentiation and glucose deprivation-mediated cardiomyocyte purification, enabling production of purified cardiomyocytes for the purposes of cardiovascular disease modeling and drug screening.

Küçük Molekül-modüle Farklılaşma ve sonraki Glikoz şiddetli açlık kullanma İnsan uyarılmış pluripotent kök hücrelerin yüksek oranda saf kardiyomiyositlerde türetilmesi

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have become an important cell source to address the lack of primary cardiomyocytes ...

Feeder-free Derivation of Melanocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a platform to study human development in vitro under both normal and disease conditions. Researchers can direct the differentiation of hPSCs into the cell type of interest by manipulating the culture conditions to recapitulate signals seen during development. One such cell type is the melanocyte, a pigment-producing cell of neural crest (NC) origin responsible for protecting the skin against UV irradiation. This protocol presents an extension of a currently available in vitro Neural Crest differentiation protocol from hPSCs to further differentiate NC into fully pigmented melanocytes. Melanocyte precursors can be enriched from the Neural Crest protocol via a timed exposure to activators of WNT, BMP, and EDN3 signaling under dual-SMAD-inhibition conditions. The resultant melanocyte precursors are then purified and matured into fully pigmented melanocytes by culture in a selective medium. The resultant melanocytes are fully pigmented and stain appropriately for proteins characteristic of mature melanocytes.

This work describes an in vitro differentiation protocol to produce pigmented, mature melanocytes from human pluripotent stem cells via a neural crest and melanoblast intermediate stage using a feeder-free, 25 day protocol.

Insan pluripotent kök hücreleri gelen melanosit besleyici içermeyen türetilmesi

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a platform to study human development in vitro under both normal and disease conditions. Researchers can ...

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Specific gene transcription is a key biological process that underlies cell fate decision during embryonic development. The biological process is mediated by transcription factors which bind genomic regulatory regions including enhancers and promoters of cardiac constitutive genes. DNA is wrapped around histones that are subjected to chemical modifications. Modifications of histones further lead to repressed, activated or poised gene transcription, thus bringing another level of fine tuning regulation of gene transcription. Embryonic Stem cells (ES cells) recapitulate within embryoid bodies (i.e., cell aggregates) or in 2D culture the early steps of cardiac development. They provide in principle enough material for chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), a technology broadly used to identify gene regulatory regions. Furthermore, human ES cells represent a human cell model of cardiogenesis. At later stages of development, mouse embryonic tissues allow for investigating specific epigenetic landscapes required for determination of cell identity. Herein, we describe protocols of ChIP, sequential ChIP followed by PCR or ChIP-sequencing using ES cells, embryoid bodies and cardiac specific embryonic regions. These protocols allow to investigating the epigenetic regulation of cardiac gene transcription.

A fine tuning regulation of gene transcription underlies embryonic cell fate decision. Herein, we describe chromatin immunoprecipitation assays used to investigate epigenetic regulation of both cardiac differentiation of stem cells and cardiac development of mouse embryos.

Embriyonik Kök Hücre ve Doku Kardiyak Farklılaşma epigenetik Yönetmelik

Specific gene transcription is a key biological process that underlies cell fate decision during embryonic development. The biological process is mediated ...

Isolation and Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Human Placenta Tissue

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for use in cell-based therapies. In most cases, therapeutic response appears to be cell-dose dependent. Human term placenta is rich in MSC and is a physically large tissue that is generally discarded following birth. Placenta is an ideal starting material for the large-scale manufacture of multiple cell doses of allogeneic MSC. The placenta is a fetomaternal organ from which either fetal or maternal tissue can be isolated. This article describes the placental anatomy and procedure to dissect apart the decidua (maternal), chorionic villi (fetal), and chorionic plate (fetal) tissue. The protocol then outlines how to isolate MSC from each dissected tissue region, and provides representative analysis of expanded MSC derived from the respective tissue types. These methods are intended for pre-clinical MSC isolation, but have also been adapted for clinical manufacture of placental MSC for human therapeutic use.

Herein we describe methods for the dissection of fetal and maternal tissues from human term placenta, followed by isolation and expansion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) from these tissues.

İnsan Plasenta Doku türetilen İzolasyon ve mezenkimal kök Genişleme / Stromal hücreler

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for use in cell-based therapies. In most cases, therapeutic response appears to be cell-dose ...

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells

Myocardial infarction and the subsequent ischemic cascade result in the extensive loss of cardiomyocytes, leading to congestive heart failure, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising option for cell-based therapies to replace current, invasive techniques. MSCs can differentiate into mesenchymal lineages, including cardiac cell types, but complete differentiation into functional cells has not yet been achieved. Previous methods of differentiation were based on pharmacological agents or growth factors. However, more physiologically relevant strategies can also enable MSCs to undergo cardiomyogenic transformation. Here, we present a differentiation method using MSC aggregates on cardiomyocyte feeder layers to produce cardiomyocyte-like contracting cells.
Human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) have been shown to have a greater differentiation potential than commonly investigated MSC types, such as bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs). As an ontogenetically younger source, we investigated the cardiomyogenic potential of first-trimester (FTM) HUCPVCs compared to older sources. FTM HUCPVCs are a novel, rich source of MSCs that retain their in utero immunoprivileged properties when cultured in vitro. Using this differentiation protocol, FTM and term HUCPVCs achieved significantly increased cardiomyogenic differentiation compared to BMSCs, as indicated by the increased expression of cardiomyocyte markers (i.e., myocyte enhancer factor 2C, cardiac troponin T, heavy chain cardiac myosin, signal regulatory protein &#945;, and connexin 43). They also maintained significantly lower immunogenicity, as demonstrated by their lower HLA-A expression and higher HLA-G expression. Applying aggregate-based differentiation, FTM HUCPVCs showed increased aggregate formation potential and generated contracting cells clusters within 1 week of co-culture on cardiac feeder layers, becoming the first MSC type to do so. 
Our results demonstrate that this differentiation strategy can effectively harness the cardiomyogenic potential of young MSCs, such as FTM HUCPVCs, and suggests that in vitro pre-differentiation could be a potential strategy to increase their regenerative efficacy in vivo.

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells

Here, we present a method to efficiently harness the cardiac differentiation potential of young sources of human mesenchymal stem cells in order to generate functional, contracting, cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro.

Vitro İnsan Mezenkimal Kök hücre farklılaşma fonksiyonel Cardiomyocyte benzeri hücre içine

Myocardial infarction and the subsequent ischemic cascade result in the extensive loss of cardiomyocytes, leading to congestive heart failure, the leading ...

Integration Free Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Laminin 521 Matrix

Xeno-free and fully defined conditions are key parameters for robust and reproducible generation of homogenous human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells. Maintenance of hiPS cells on feeder cells or undefined matrices are susceptible to batch variances, pathogenic contamination and risk of immunogenicity. Utilizing the defined recombinant human laminin 521 (LN-521) matrix in combination with xeno-free and defined media formulations reduces variability and allows for the consistent generation of hiPS cells. The Sendai virus (SeV) vector is a non-integrating RNA-based system, thus circumventing concerns associated with the potential disruptive effect on genome integrity integrating vectors can have. Furthermore, these vectors have demonstrated relatively high efficiency in the reprogramming of dermal fibroblasts. In addition, enzymatic single cell passaging of cells facilitates homogeneous maintenance of hiPS cells without substantial prior experience of stem cell culture. Here we describe a protocol that has been extensively tested and developed with a focus on reproducibility and ease of use, providing a robust and practical way to generate defined and xeno-free human hiPS cells from fibroblasts.

Robust derivation of human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells was achieved by using non-integrating Sendai virus (SeV) vector mediated reprogramming of dermal fibroblasts. hiPS cell maintenance and clonal expansion was performed using xeno-free and chemically defined culture conditions with recombinant human laminin 521 (LN-521) matrix and Essential E8 (E8) Medium.

Laminin 521 Matrisini Kullanarak İnsan Tarafından Oluşturulan Pluripotent Kök Hücrelerin Entegrasyon Serbest Türevi

Xeno-free and fully defined conditions are key parameters for robust and reproducible generation of homogenous human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) ...

Rapid, Directed Differentiation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Human Embryonic or Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

We describe a robust method to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). The purpose of providing a detailed and thorough protocol is to clearly demonstrate each step and to make this readily available to researchers in the field. This protocol results in a homogenous layer of RPE with minimal or no manual dissection needed. The method presented here has been shown to be effective for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and human embryonic stem cells. Additionally, we describe methods for cryopreservation of intermediate cell banks that allow long-term storage. RPE generated using this protocol might be useful for iPSC disease-in-a-dish modeling or clinical application.

This protocol describes how to produce retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) from pluripotent stem cells. The method uses a combination of growth factors and small molecules to direct the differentiation of stem cells into immature RPE in fourteen days and mature, functional RPE after three months.

Hızlı, yönlendirilmiş farklılaşma insan embriyonik veya İndüklenmiş Pluripotent kök hücrelerinden retina Pigment epitel hücrelerinin

We describe a robust method to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). The purpose of providing ...

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and chromosome dynamics. While the germline is an excellent model, the analysis is often two dimensional due to the time and labor required for three-dimensional analysis. Major readouts in such studies are the number/position of nuclei and protein distribution within the germline. Here, we present a method to perform automated analysis of the germline using confocal microscopy and computational approaches to determine the number and position of nuclei in each region of the germline. Our method also analyzes germline protein distribution that enables the three-dimensional examination of protein expression in different genetic backgrounds. Further, our study shows variations in cytoskeletal architecture in distinct regions of the germline that may accommodate specific spatial developmental requirements. Finally, our method enables automated counting of the sperm in the spermatheca of each germline. Taken together, our method enables rapid and reproducible phenotypic analysis of the C. elegans germline.

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

We present an automated method for three-dimensional reconstruction of the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. Our method determines the number and position of each nucleus within the germline and analyses germline protein distribution and cytoskeletal structure.

Çekirdeklerin dağıtım, proteinler ve sitoiskeleti çalışmaya Caenorhabditis elegans Germline sayısal analizi

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and ...