Rachel O'Connell ve Jessica Lee hayvan çalışmaları ile onların yardımını kabul etmek istiyoruz. Biz de bir danışmanı ve akıl hocası bu proje için olan Binbaşı General Harold Timboe, MD, mil, Amerikan Ordusu (e.), kabul etmek istiyorum.

<ol>
	<li>Kauvar, D. S., Lefering, R., Wade, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+hemorrhage+on+trauma+outcome:+an+overview+of+epidemiology,+clinical+presentations,+and+therapeutic+considerations.">Impact of hemorrhage on trauma outcome: an overview of epidemiology, clinical presentations, and therapeutic considerations.</a> The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection and Critical. 60, S3-S11 (2006).</li><li>Kauvar, D. S., Wade, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+epidemiology+and+modern+management+of+traumatic+hemorrhage:+US+and+international+perspectives.">The epidemiology and modern management of traumatic hemorrhage: US and international perspectives.</a> Critical Care. 9, S1-S9 (2005).</li><li>Mattox, K. L., Allen, M. K., Feliciano, D. 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C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trauma+Association+critical+decisions+in+trauma:+resuscitative+thoracotomy.">Trauma Association critical decisions in trauma: resuscitative thoracotomy.</a> Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 73 (6), 1359-1363 (2012).</li><li>DuBose, J. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+AAST+prospective+Aortic+Occlusion+for+Resuscitation+in+Trauma+and+Acute+Care+Surgery+(AORTA)+registry:+Data+on+contemporary+utilization+and+outcomes+of+aortic+occlusion+and+resuscitative+balloon+occlusion+of+the+aorta+(REBOA).">The AAST prospective Aortic Occlusion for Resuscitation in Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (AORTA) registry: Data on contemporary utilization and outcomes of aortic occlusion and resuscitative balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA).</a> Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 81 (3), 409-419 (2016).</li><li>Biffl, W. L., Fox, C. J., Moore, E. 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K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+intra-aortic+balloon+occlusion+in+penetrating+abdominal+trauma.">The role of intra-aortic balloon occlusion in penetrating abdominal trauma.</a> Journal of Trauma. 29 (6), 861-865 (1989).</li><li>Inoue, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resuscitative+endovascular+balloon+occlusion+of+the+aorta+might+be+dangerous+in+patients+with+severe+torso+trauma:+A+propensity+score+analysis.">Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta might be dangerous in patients with severe torso trauma: A propensity score analysis.</a> Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 80 (4), 559-566 (2016).</li><li>Russo, R. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extending+the+golden+hour:+Partial+resuscitative+endovascular+balloon+occlusion+of+the+aorta+in+a+highly+lethal+swine+liver+injury+model.">Extending the golden hour: Partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in a highly lethal swine liver injury model.</a> Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 80 (3), 378-380 (2016).</li><li>Russo, R. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Partial+Resuscitative+Endovascular+Balloon+Occlusion+of+the+Aorta+in+Swine+Model+of+Hemorrhagic+Shock.">Partial Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta in Swine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock.</a> Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 223 (2), 359-368 (2016).</li><li>Williams, T. 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E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Seldinger+technique.">The Seldinger technique.</a> Journal of Cardiothorac Anesthesia. 2 (3), 403 (1988).</li><li>Halaweish, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Addition+of+low-dose+valproic+acid+to+saline+resuscitation+provides+neuroprotection+and+improves+long-term+outcomes+in+a+large+animal+model+of+combined+traumatic+brain+injury+and+hemorrhagic+shock.">Addition of low-dose valproic acid to saline resuscitation provides neuroprotection and improves long-term outcomes in a large animal model of combined traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock.</a> The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 79 (6), 911-919 (2015).</li><li>Alam, H. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surviving+blood+loss+without+blood+transfusion+in+a+swine+poly-trauma+model.">Surviving blood loss without blood transfusion in a swine poly-trauma model.</a> Surgery. 146 (2), 325-333 (2009).</li><li>Jin, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Traumatic+brain+injury+and+hemorrhagic+shock:+evaluation+of+different+resuscitation+strategies+in+a+large+animal+model+of+combined+insults.">Traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock: evaluation of different resuscitation strategies in a large animal model of combined insults.</a> Shock. 38 (1), 49-56 (2012).</li><li>Nikolian, V. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Valproic+acid+decreases+brain+lesion+size+and+improves+neurologic+recovery+in+swine+subjected+to+traumatic+brain+injury,+hemorrhagic+shock,+and+polytrauma.">Valproic acid decreases brain lesion size and improves neurologic recovery in swine subjected to traumatic brain injury, hemorrhagic shock, and polytrauma.</a> The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 83 (6), 1066-1073 (2017).</li><li>Langeland, H., Lyng, O., Aadahl, P., Skjaervold, N. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+coherence+of+macrocirculation,+microcirculation,+and+tissue+metabolic+response+during+nontraumatic+hemorrhagic+shock+in+swine.">The coherence of macrocirculation, microcirculation, and tissue metabolic response during nontraumatic hemorrhagic shock in swine.</a> Physiological Reports. 5 (7), (2017).</li><li>Johnson, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+resuscitative+endovascular+balloon+occlusion+of+the+aorta,+partial+aortic+occlusion+and+aggressive+blood+transfusion+on+traumatic+brain+injury+in+a+swine+multiple+injuries+model.">The effect of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta, partial aortic occlusion and aggressive blood transfusion on traumatic brain injury in a swine multiple injuries model.</a> Journal of Trauma Acute Care Surgery. 83 (1), 61-70 (2017).</li><li>Theisen, M. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ventral+recumbency+is+crucial+for+fast+and+safe+orotracheal+intubation+in+laboratory+swine.">Ventral recumbency is crucial for fast and safe orotracheal intubation in laboratory swine.</a> Laboratory Animals. 43 (1), 96-101 (2009).</li><li>Li, Y., Alam, H. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modulation+of+acetylation:+creating+a+pro-survival+and+anti-inflammatory+phenotype+in+lethal+hemorrhagic+and+septic+shock.">Modulation of acetylation: creating a pro-survival and anti-inflammatory phenotype in lethal hemorrhagic and septic shock.</a> Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 2011, 523481 (2011).</li><li>Nikolian, V. 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E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Normal+saline+influences+coagulation+and+endothelial+function+after+traumatic+brain+injury+and+hemorrhagic+shock+in+pigs.">Normal saline influences coagulation and endothelial function after traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock in pigs.</a> Surgery. 156 (3), 556-563 (2014).</li><li>Causey, M. W., McVay, D. P., Miller, S., Beekley, A., Martin, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+efficacy+of+Combat+Gauze+in+extreme+physiologic+conditions.">The efficacy of Combat Gauze in extreme physiologic conditions.</a> The Journal of Surgical Research. 177 (2), 301-305 (2012).</li><li>Frankel, D. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physiologic+response+to+hemorrhagic+shock+depends+on+rate+and+means+of+hemorrhage.">Physiologic response to hemorrhagic shock depends on rate and means of hemorrhage.</a> The Journal of Surgical Research. 143 (2), 276-280 (2007).</li><li>Morrison, J. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+inflammatory+sequelae+of+aortic+balloon+occlusion+in+hemorrhagic+shock.">The inflammatory sequelae of aortic balloon occlusion in hemorrhagic shock.</a> The Journal of Surgical Research. 191 (2), 423-431 (2014).</li><li>White, J. 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Bu eser bize ordu tıbbi araştırma ve gereç komutası altında Sözleşme No filtresi tarafından desteklenen W81XWH-16-C-0102. Sayısı, görüşleri ve/veya bu raporda yer alan bulgular yazar(lar) aittir ve çok diğer belgeleri tarafından belirlenmiş sürece ordu konum, ilke ve karar resmi bir bölümü yorumlanmamalıdır.

Bu protokol için domuz hemorajik şok modelinde altını çizdi. Bu model güvenilir ve tekrarlanabilir16,17,18,19yaşında olmak gösterilmiştir. Buna benzer modelleri çeşitli bilimsel çalışmalarda hemorajik şok hayvan fizyolojisi16,20üzerindeki etkilerini araştıran istihdam edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu model da işaretli başar...

Kanama travma ölümler askeri ortamda yüzde 90'ını ve sivil nüfus1, 'deki travma sonrası ölümlerin % 40 için muhasebe travmatik olaylar, uygulanan hastalarda önlenebilir ölümlerin baskın neden olmaya devam ediyor 2. doğrudan baskı sıkıştırılabilir kanama tedavi edebilir rağmen sıkıştırılabilir gövde kanama zor kalır tedavi ve komut istemi kan durdurucu sargı kontrolü olmadan ölümcül olabilir. Reanimasyon torakotomi veya laparatomi aortik çapraz sıkma ile tarihsel yaklaşım son derece invaziv3,4kanıtlamıştır. Bu müdahale de travmatik hakaret5geçiren hastalar adaylığını belirlemek için bir karmaşık seçim algoritması gerektirir.
Son yıllarda, daha önce açıklanan yaklaşım ilgi dirilişi oldu — Reanimasyon endovasküler balon oklüzyon aort (REBOA)6,7,8. Her ne kadar REBOA kanama kısa vadeli bir hayatta kalma avantajları haiz, aort bir uzun süreli tam tıkanıklığı balon enflasyon sırasında geri dönüşü olmayan uç-organ iskemi9,10dahil ciddi endişeleri teşkil etmektedir. Bu potansiyel hastalık üstesinden gelmek için bir girişim, kanama yönetmek için alternatif endovasküler stratejileri geliştirmiştir. Giderek artan bir ilgi görmedi böyle bir strateji aort11,12kısmi tıkanıklık var. Kısmi aortik balon oklüzyon fikrine vasküler yatak oklüzyonu, geliştirilmiş fizyolojik proksimal aort haritaları ve balon deflasyon takip bir kademeli afterload azaltma siteye distal perfüzyon affords. Kanayan bir hayvan fizyolojik özellikleri istenilen değişiklikleri parametreleri bu değişikliklerdir. Bu yöntemin çeviri insanlar için önce tam ve kısmi aortik balon oklüzyon kateterler ağır hemorajik şok11,12,13domuz modellerinde sınanmıştır.
Domuz hemorajik şok uzun yıllar gerektiren çalışmalarda kullanılmaya başlandı. Hemorajik şok Patofizyoloji şimdiki anlayış çoğu domuz dahil olmak üzere hayvan modelleri kullanılan çalışmalardan elde edilmiştir. Onların fizyolojisi ve homeostatik aşağıdaki kanama, özellikle de kan pıhtılaşma ve kardiyovasküler yanıt için ilgili, iyi belgelenmiş olmuştur ve bu insanlar14gibi patolojik birim tükenmesi ayar yanıt-e doğru. Domuz modelleri hemorajik şok da hemorajik şok tedavi stratejileri ve diğer Travmatik yaralanmalar araştırmak için fırsatlar sağlar.
Bu çalışmada, biz de dahil olmak üzere komple ve parsiyel aortik balon oklüzyon endovasküler tedavi stratejileri değerlendirmek için domuz hemorajik şokta klinik olarak gerçekçi bir model göstermek. Aort kısmi bir tıkanıklığı bir daha iyi fizyolojik sonuçları ve kontrollü bir sabit hacimli kanama geçiren domuz aort tam bir tıkanıklığı laboratuvar profil kıyasla öngörmekteyiz.
Bir domuz modelinde hemorajik şok için bir tedavi olarak kısmi ve tam aortik tıkanıklık fizyolojik etkileri karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Kısmi aortik tıkanıklık bir seçici aortik balon oklüzyon travma (SABOT) kateter (Şekil 1) kullanılarak sağlanır. SABOT kateter içi luminal kan akımı, böylece damar tıkanıklığı için distal yataklar için kısmi bir aort akış sağlamak sağlar bir iki-balon sistemidir. Tam aortik tıkanıklık elde bir tek-balon aortik tıkanıklık kateter (Örneğin,CODA) kullanarak (Şekil 1). Tedavi grupları randomize Reanimasyon aort tıkanıklığı ile tam veya kısmi aortik balon oklüzyon kateterler ile geçmesi (n = 2/grup).
Modelin büyük adımlar içerir anestezi ve entübasyon indüksiyon, anestezi, araçları, % 35 TBV kanama (20 min Toplam; yarısı ilk 7 dk. üzerinde ve yarım kalan 13 dk üzerinde), aort balon oklüzyon bakım ve Tam kan canlandırma (60dk oklüzyon; % 20 tam kan resüsitasyon sırasında tıkanıklığı son 20 dk), yoğun bakım (240 min) ile hemodinamik gözlem ve ötenazi doku hasat ile izleme. Şekil 2 bu deneyde kullanılan modeli gösterir.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Yorkshire-Landrace Swine</td><td>Michigan State University Veterinary Farm</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anesthesia: Telazol</td><td>Pfizer</td><td></td><td>Dose: 2-8 mg/kg; IM</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-cholinergic: Atropine</td><td>Pfizer</td><td></td><td>Dose: 1mg, IM</td></tr><tr><td>Anesthesia: Isoflurane</td><td>Baxter</td><td></td><td>Dose: 1-5%, INH</td></tr><tr><td>Betadine</td><td>Humco</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alcohol 70%</td><td>Humco</td><td>NDC 0395-4202-28</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Datex-Aespire Anesthesia Machine</td><td>GE Healthcare</td><td>7900</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Endotracheal tube</td><td>DEE Veterinary</td><td>20170518</td><td>Appropriate size for animal (6.5 or 7.0F)</td></tr><tr><td>Laryngoscope</td><td>Miller</td><td>85-0045</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stylet</td><td>Hudson RCI</td><td>5-151--1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Jelco 20G IV Catheter</td><td>Smiths Medical</td><td>4054</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating Room Monitor (Vital Signs Monitor)</td><td>SurgiVet Advisor</td><td>V9201</td><td>May require at least 2</td></tr><tr><td>Surgical Gowns</td><td>Kimberly Clark</td><td>90142</td><td>Use appropriate size for surgeon.</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile surgical gloves</td><td>Cardinal Health (Allegiance)</td><td>22537-570</td><td>Use appropriate size for surgeon.</td></tr><tr><td>Cautery Pencil</td><td>Medline</td><td>ESPB 2000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Suction tubing</td><td>Medline</td><td>DYND50251</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sunction tip: Yankauer</td><td>Medline</td><td>DYND50130</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovie Aaron 1250 Electrocautery Unit</td><td>Bovie Medical Co. FL</td><td>BOV-A1250U</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Salpel Blade - Size #10</td><td>Cardinal Health (Allegiance)</td><td>32295-010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel Handle</td><td>Martin</td><td>10-295-11</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Debakey Forceps</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-7562</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Weitlander Retractor</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-8612</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mayo Scissors</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-76870SC</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Army-navy Retractor</td><td>Teleflex</td><td>164715</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mixter Right-angle Forceps</td><td>Teleflex</td><td>175073</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5F (1.7 mm) 11 cm Insertion Sheath with 0.35&quot; Guidewire</td><td>Boston Scientific</td><td>16035-05B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8F (2.7 mm) 11 cm Insertion Sheath with 0.35&#039;&#039; Guidewire</td><td>Boston Scientific</td><td>16035-08B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20G angled Introducer Needle</td><td>Arrow</td><td>AK-09903-S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>14F (4.78 mm) 13 cm Insertion Sheath with 10F dilator</td><td>Cook Medical</td><td>G08024</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-0 Silk 18&#039;&#039; 45 cm</td><td>Ethicon</td><td>A185H</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3-0 Vicryl 36&#039;&#039; 90 cm</td><td>Ethicon</td><td>J344H</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3-0 Nylon 18&#039;&#039; 45 cm</td><td>Ethicon</td><td>663G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4-0 Prolene 30&#039;&#039; 75 cm</td><td>Ethicon</td><td>8831H</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20 ml syringe</td><td>Metronic/Covidien</td><td>8881512878</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3 mL syringe</td><td>Metronic/Covidien</td><td>1180300555</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6 mL syringe</td><td>Metronic/Covidien</td><td>1180600777</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1000ml 0.9% Saline</td><td>Baxter</td><td>2B1324X</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Foley Catheter (18F 30 cc)</td><td>Bard</td><td>0166V18S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Urinary Drainage Bag</td><td>Bard</td><td>154002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9F 10 cm Insertion Sheath</td><td>Arrow</td><td>AK-09903-S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter (8F)</td><td>Edwards Lifesciences co. CA</td><td>746F8</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Carotid Flow Probe System</td><td>Transonic, Ithaca, NY</td><td></td><td>3, 4, or 6 mm probes</td></tr><tr><td>SABOT catheter</td><td>Hayes Inc.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CODA balloon catheter</td><td>Cook Medical</td><td>8379144</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultrasound, M-Turbo</td><td>SonoSite</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Amplatz Stiff Guidewire (0.035 inch, 260 cm)</td><td>Cook Medical</td><td>G03460</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Arterial Blood Gas Syringes</td><td>Smiths Medical</td><td>4041-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Arterial Blood Gas Analyzer</td><td>Nova Biochemical</td><td>ABL800</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Masterflex Pump</td><td>Cole Palmer</td><td>HV-77921-75</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Blood Collection Bags</td><td>Terumo</td><td>1BBD606A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Macro IV drip set</td><td>Hospira</td><td>12672-28</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pentobarbital</td><td>Pfizer</td><td></td><td>Dose: 100 mg/kg; IV</td></tr><tr><td>Eppendorf Tubes</td><td>Sorenson</td><td>11590</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50 cc conical tubes</td><td>Falcon</td><td>352097</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Formalin</td><td>Fisherbrand</td><td>431121</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bair Hugger Normothermia System</td><td>Arizant Healthcare, Inc.</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

complete and partial aortic occlusion for the treatment of hemorrhagic shock in swine

Kanama travma önlenebilir ölüm önde gelen nedenidir kalır. Endovasküler yönetimi sıkıştırılabilir gövde kanama travma bakım ön planda son yıllarda olmuştur. Tam aortik tıkanıklık ciddi endişeleri sunar beri kısmi aortik tıkanıklık kavramı giderek artan bir ilgi kazanmıştır. Burada, bir roman kısmi aortik balon oklüzyon kateter etkilerini araştırmak ve tam aortik tıkanıklık ilkelerine çalışır bir kateter ile karşılaştırın hemorajik şok büyük hayvan modeli mevcut. Domuz anestezi ve kontrollü sabit hacimli kanama yapmak için Enstrümante ve hemodinamik ve fizyolojik parametreler izlenir. Kanama, aortik balon oklüzyon kateterler eklenen ve 60 dk, supraceliac aort (TBV) Toplam kan hacminin % 20 olarak tam kan resüsitasyon almanıza neden olan sırasında hayvanlar şişirilmiş. Balon deflasyon, hayvanlar 4 h için bir yoğun bakım ortamda sırasında hangi sıvı resüsitasyon ve vasopressors gerektiği gibi aldıkları izlenmektedir. Kısmi aortik balon oklüzyon geliştirilmiş distal ortalama arteriyel basınç (haritalar) balon enflasyon sırasında gösterdi, işaretçileri iskemi azalmış ve sıvı resüsitasyon ve vasopressor kullanımı azalmıştır. Domuz fizyolojisi ve kanama takip homeostatik yanıt-e doğru iyi belgelenmiş olmuştur ve bu insanlar, gibi bir domuz hemorajik şok model çeşitli tedavi stratejileri test etmek için kullanılabilir. Kanama tedavisi yanı sıra, aortik balon oklüzyon kateterler kalp krizi, kalp ve damar cerrahisi ve diğer yüksek riskli seçmeli cerrahi işlemler içindeki rolü için popüler olmuştur.

Hemodinamik ve fizyolojik Parametreler:
HARİTA hemen kanama (Şekil 3A - 3D) sonra azalmıştır. Balon enflasyon aşamasında tam tıkanıklığı grubu hayvanlarda hayvanlar kısmi tıkanıklık grubunda (Şekil 3A ve 3B) göre daha yüksek bir proksimal harita deneyimli. Balon enflasyon sırasında ortalama distal harita tam tıkanıklığı grubuna göre kısm...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Complete and Partial Aortic Occlusion for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine at JoVE.com

Complete and Partial Aortic Occlusion for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine

Burada, travma kesin bakım için bir köprü olarak aort tıkanıklığı kullanır domuz hemorajik şok modelinde gösteren bir iletişim kuralı mevcut. Bu model içinde cerrahi ve farmakolojik tedavi stratejileri geniş bir sınav uygulama vardır.

Domuz hemorajik şok tedavisi için komple ve parsiyel aort tıkanıklığı

Hemorrhage remains the leading cause of preventable deaths in trauma. Endovascular management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage has been at the ...

complete-partial-aortic-occlusion-for-treatment-hemorrhagic-shock

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

10.4K Görüntüleme.  University of Michigan. Burada, travma kesin bakım için bir köprü olarak aort tıkanıklığı kullanır domuz hemorajik şok modelinde gösteren bir iletişim kuralı mevcut. Bu model içinde cerrahi ve farmakolojik tedavi stratejileri geniş bir sınav uygulama vardır.

Video: Complete and Partial Aortic Occlusion for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs

Introduction of newly discovered cardiovascular therapeutics into first-in-man trials depends on a strictly regulated ethical and legal roadmap. One important prerequisite is a good understanding of all safety and efficacy aspects obtained in a large animal model that validly reflect the human scenario of myocardial infarction (MI). Pigs are widely used in this regard since their cardiac size, hemodynamics, and coronary anatomy are close to that of humans. Here, we present an effective protocol for using the porcine MI model using a closed-chest coronary balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), followed by reperfusion. This approach is based on 90 min of myocardial ischemia, inducing large left ventricle infarction of the anterior, septal and inferoseptal walls. Furthermore, we present protocols for various measures of outcome that provide a wide range of information on the heart, such as cardiac systolic and diastolic function, hemodynamics, coronary flow velocity, microvascular resistance, and infarct size. This protocol can be easily tailored to meet study specific requirements for the validation of novel cardioregenerative biologics at different stages (i.e. directly after the acute ischemic insult, in the subacute setting or even in the chronic MI once scar formation has been completed). This model therefore provides a useful translational tool to study MI, subsequent adverse remodeling, and the potential of novel cardioregenerative agents.

This protocol describes the porcine myocardial infarction (MI) model using a 90 min closed-chest coronary balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), followed by reperfusion. Furthermore, the protocol for several outcome parameters, such as cardiac function, hemodynamics, microvascular resistance, and infarct size, are also presented.

Domuzlar miyokard enfarktüsü ve Fonksiyonel Sonuç Değerlendirmesi

Introduction of newly discovered cardiovascular therapeutics into first-in-man trials depends on a strictly regulated ethical and legal roadmap. One ...

Tıp

A Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Model in Swine Using an Ameroid Constrictor

Cardiovascular disease remains the number one cause of mortality in the United States. There are numerous approaches to treating these diseases, but regardless of the approach, an in vivo model is needed to test each treatment. The pig is one of the most used large animal models for cardiovascular disease. Its heart is very similar in anatomy and function to that of a human. The ameroid placement technique creates an ischemic area of the heart, which has many useful applications in studying myocardial infarction. This model has been used for surgical research, pharmaceutical studies, imaging techniques, and cell therapies.
There are several ways of inducing an ischemic area in the heart. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, but the placement of an ameroid constrictor remains the most widely used technique. The main advantages to using the ameroid are its prevalence in existing research, its availability in various sizes to accommodate the anatomy and size of the vessel to be constricted, the surgery is a relatively simple procedure, and the post-operative monitoring is minimal, since there are no external devices to maintain. This paper provides a detailed overview of the proper technique for the placement of the ameroid constrictor.

The purpose of this protocol is to demonstrate the placement of a delayed constricting device (an ameroid constrictor) around a coronary artery in a swine model. This device creates an ischemic area of the heart that is useful for studying new diagnostic imaging techniques and new methods of treatment.

Bir Ameroid yılanı kullanarak domuz kronik kalp iskemi modelinde

Cardiovascular disease remains the number one cause of mortality in the United States. There are numerous approaches to treating these diseases, but ...

Surgical Swine Model of Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Treated by Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Chronic cardiac ischemia that impairs cardiac function, but does not result in infarct, is termed hibernating myocardium (HM). A large clinical subset of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients have HM, which in addition to causing impaired function, puts them at higher risk for arrhythmia and future cardiac events. The standard treatment for this condition is revascularization, but this has been shown to be an imperfect therapy. The majority of pre-clinical cardiac research focuses on infarct models of cardiac ischemia, leaving this subset of chronic ischemia patients largely underserved. To address this gap in research, we have developed a well-characterized and highly reproducible model of hibernating myocardium in swine, as swine are ideal translational models for human heart disease. In addition to creating this unique disease model, we have optimized a clinically relevant treatment model of coronary artery bypass surgery in swine. This allows us to accurately study the effects of bypass surgery on heart disease, as well as investigate additional or alternate therapies. This model surgically induces single vessel stenosis by implanting a constrictor on the left anterior descending (LAD) artery in a young pig. As the pig grows, the constrictor creates a gradual stenosis, resulting in chronic ischemia with impaired regional function, but preserving tissue viability. Following the establishment of the hibernating myocardium phenotype, we perform off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery to revascularize the ischemic region, mimicking the gold-standard treatment for patients in the clinic.

This protocol presents a surgical large animal model of chronic, single vessel ischemia that results in regional abnormalities but does not create infarct, known as hibernating myocardium. Following establishment of chronic ischemia, animals are treated with off-pump LIMA-LAD coronary artery bypass graft surgery to revascularize the ischemic tissue.

Kronik kalp iskemi "Off-Pump" koroner arter Bypass greft cerrahisi ile tedavi cerrahi domuz modeli

Chronic cardiac ischemia that impairs cardiac function, but does not result in infarct, is termed hibernating myocardium (HM). A large clinical subset of ...

Standardized Hemorrhagic Shock Induction Guided by Cerebral Oximetry and Extended Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pigs

Hemorrhagic shock ranks among the main reasons for severe injury-related death. The loss of circulatory volume and oxygen carriers can lead to an insufficient oxygen supply and irreversible organ failure. The brain exerts only limited compensation capacities and is particularly at high risk of severe hypoxic damage.This article demonstrates the reproducible induction of life-threatening hemorrhagic shock in a porcine model by means of calculated blood withdrawal. We titrate shock induction guided by near-infrared spectroscopy&#160;and extended hemodynamic monitoring to display systemic circulatory failure, as well as cerebral microcirculatory oxygen depletion. In comparison to similar models that primarily focus on predefined removal volumes for shock induction, this approach highlights a titration by means of the resulting failure of macro- and microcirculation.

Hemorrhagic shock is a severe complication in seriously injured patients, which leads to life-threatening oxygen undersupply. We present a standardized method to induce hemorrhagic shock via blood withdrawal in pigs that is guided by hemodynamics and microcirculatory cerebral oxygenation.

Domuzlarda serebral oksimetre ve genişletilmiş hemodinamik Izleme güdümlü standartlaştırılmış hemorajik şok Indüksiyon

Hemorrhagic shock ranks among the main reasons for severe injury-related death. The loss of circulatory volume and oxygen carriers can lead to an ...

Development of a Selective Aortic Arch Perfusion System in a Porcine Model of Exsanguination Cardiac Arrest

Hemorrhage constitutes the majority of potentially preventable deaths from trauma. There is growing interest in endovascular resuscitation techniques such as selective aortic arch perfusion (SAAP) for patients in cardiac arrest. This involves active perfusion of the coronary circulation via a thoracic aortic balloon catheter and is approaching clinical application. However, the technique is complex and requires refinement in animal models before human use can be considered. This paper describes a large animal model of exsanguination cardiac arrest treated with a bespoke SAAP system.
Swine were anesthetized, instrumented and a splenectomy was performed before a controlled, logarithmic exsanguination was initiated. Animals were heparinized and the shed blood collected in a reservoir. Once cardiac arrest was observed, the blood was pumped through an extra-corporeal circuit into an oxygenator and then delivered through a 10 Fr balloon catheter placed in the thoracic aorta.
This resulted in the return of a spontaneous circulation (ROSC) as demonstrated by ECG and aortic root pressure waveform. This model and accompanying SAAP system allow for standardized and reproducible recovery from exsanguination cardiac arrest.

The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate a porcine exsanguination cardiac arrest model and a specifically built selective aortic arch perfusion circuit for translational research.

Hemorrhage constitutes the majority of potentially preventable deaths from trauma. There is growing interest in endovascular resuscitation techniques such ...

Myocardial Infarction by Percutaneous Embolization Coil Deployment in a Swine Model

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the use of evidence-based treatments, including coronary revascularization and cardiovascular drugs, a significant proportion of patients develop pathological left-ventricular remodeling and progressive heart failure following MI. Therefore, new therapeutic options, such as cellular and gene therapies, among others, have been developed to repair and regenerate injured myocardium. In this context, animal models of MI are crucial in exploring the safety and efficacy of these experimental therapies before clinical translation. Large animal models such as swine are preferred over smaller ones due to the high similarity of swine and human hearts in terms of coronary artery anatomy, cardiac kinetics, and the post-MI healing process. Here, we aimed to describe an MI model in pig by permanent coil deployment. Briefly, it comprises a percutaneous selective coronary artery cannulation through retrograde femoral access. Following coronary angiography, the coil is deployed at the target branch under fluoroscopic guidance. Finally, complete occlusion is confirmed by repeated coronary angiography. This approach is feasible, highly reproducible, and emulates the pathogenesis of human non-revascularized MI, avoiding the traditional open-chest surgery and the subsequent postoperative inflammation. Depending on the time of follow-up, the technique is suitable for acute, sub-acute, or chronic MI models.

Myocardial infarction (MI) animal models that emulate the natural process of the disease in humans are crucial to understanding pathophysiological mechanisms and testing the safety and efficacy of new emergent therapies. Here, we describe an MI swine model created by deploying a percutaneous embolization coil.

Bir Domuz Modelinde Perkütan Embolizasyon Bobini Dağıtımı ile Miyokard Enfarktüsü

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the use of evidence-based treatments, including coronary revascularization ...

Swine Models of Aneurysmal Diseases for Training and Research

Large animal models, specifically swine, are widely used to research cardiovascular diseases and therapies, as well as for training purposes. This paper describes two different aneurysmal swine models that may help researchers to study new therapies for aneurysmal diseases. These aneurysmal models are created by surgically adding a pouch of tissue to carotid arteries in swine. When the model is used for research, the pouch must be autologous; for training purposes, a synthetic pouch suffices.
First, the right external jugular vein (EJV) and right common carotid artery (CCA) must be surgically exposed. The EJV is ligated and a vein pouch fashioned from a short segment. This pouch is then sutured to an elliptical arteriotomy performed in the CCA. Animals must be kept heparinized during model creation, and local vasodilators may be used to decrease vasospasms. Once the suture is completed, correct blood flow should be inspected, checking for bleeding from the suture line and vessel patency. Finally, the surgical incision is closed by layers and an angiography performed to image the aneurysmal model.
A simplification of this aneurysmal carotid model that decreases invasiveness and surgical time is the use of a synthetic, rather than venous, pouch. For this purpose, a pouch is tailored in advance with a segment of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prosthesis, one end of which is sutured close using polypropylene vascular suture and sterilized prior to surgery. This "sac" is then attached to an arteriotomy performed in the CCA as described. 
Although these models do not reproduce many of the physiopathological events related to aneurysm formation, they are hemodynamically similar to the situation found in the clinical setting. Therefore, they can be used for research or training purposes, allowing physicians to learn and practice different endovascular techniques in animal models that are close to the human system.

Description of two different aneurysmal swine models for neuroradiology training courses and research studies. This study provides evidence of the feasibility of these aneurysm porcine model creations and the reproducible methods that are close to the clinical setting.

Large animal models, specifically swine, are widely used to research cardiovascular diseases and therapies, as well as for training purposes. This paper ...

Complete and Partial Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta for Hemorrhagic Shock

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) devices grew out of a military-civilian partnership to develop new capabilities for hemorrhage control. With the advent of purpose-built devices, REBOA has become increasingly common in civilian trauma and acute care settings. Currently available REBOA catheters were designed as complete aortic occlusion devices. However, the therapeutic window for complete aortic occlusion is time-limited due to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The partial procedure allows blood flow past the level of occlusion while maintaining targeted proximal pressure, which has been shown to reduce distal ischemia and adjunctive resuscitation requirements in preclinical studies with prolonged occlusion times as compared to traditional complete occlusion.
pREBOA-PRO is the first catheter designed to enable partial and complete aortic occlusion and is currently in limited market release at seven Level I trauma centers in North America. This paper will focus on procedural considerations for REBOA, including patient selection criteria and a comparison of complete and partial aortic occlusion in a simulator, along with highlighting critical steps to improve clinical outcomes. Additionally, this paper reviews a contrast-enhanced CT scan from a trauma patient that shows distal perfusion after 2 h of partial aortic occlusion using this newly designed catheter and discusses representative results from the limited market release to highlight the profound effect of technological innovation on outcomes in vascular emergencies.

A commercial catheter was designed to facilitate true partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) and address the complications associated with complete aortic occlusion. Initial clinical reports indicate that partial REBOA improves transition to reperfusion, reduction of distal ischemia, and extension of safe occlusion time compared to complete occlusion.

Hemorajik Şok için Aortun Tam ve Parsiyel Resüsitatif Endovasküler Balon Tıkanıklığı

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) devices grew out of a military-civilian partnership to develop new capabilities for ...

Basınca Aşırı Yüklenmeye Bağlı Kalp Yetmezliğini İncelemek için Yükselen Aort Bantlama

A Minimally Invasive Model of Aortic Stenosis in Swine

Large animal models of heart failure play an essential role in the development of new therapeutic interventions due to their size and physiological similarities to humans. Efforts have been dedicated to creating a model of pressure-overload induced heart failure, and ascending aortic banding while still supra-coronary and not a perfect mimic of aortic stenosis in humans, closely resembling the human condition.
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a minimally invasive approach to induce left ventricular pressure overload by placing an aortic band, precisely calibrated with percutaneously introduced high-fidelity pressure sensors. This method represents a refinement of the surgical procedure (3Rs), resulting in homogenous trans-stenotic gradients and reduced intragroup variability. Additionally, it enables swift and uneventful animal recovery, leading to minimal mortality rates. Throughout the study, animals were followed for up to 2 months after surgery, employing transthoracic echocardiography and pressure-volume loop analysis. However, longer follow-up periods can be achieved if desired. This large animal model proves valuable for testing new drugs, particularly those targeting hypertrophy and the structural and functional alterations associated with left ventricular pressure overload.

Yazar Spotlight: Güvenilir ve Tekrarlanabilir Kardiyovasküler Araştırmalar için Minimal İnvaziv Büyük Hayvan Modelinin Geliştirilmesi 

This protocol describes a minimally invasive surgical procedure for ascending aortic banding in swine.

Domuzlarda Minimal İnvaziv Bir Aort Darlığı Modeli

Large animal models of heart failure play an essential role in the development of new therapeutic interventions due to their size and physiological ...

Domuz hemorajik şok tedavisi için komple ve parsiyel aort tıkanıklığı

Özet

Daha Fazla Video Keşfet

Bu videodaki bölümler

Domuzlar miyokard enfarktüsü ve Fonksiyonel Sonuç Değerlendirmesi

Bir Ameroid yılanı kullanarak domuz kronik kalp iskemi modelinde

Kronik kalp iskemi "Off-Pump" koroner arter Bypass greft cerrahisi ile tedavi cerrahi domuz modeli

Domuzlarda serebral oksimetre ve genişletilmiş hemodinamik Izleme güdümlü standartlaştırılmış hemorajik şok Indüksiyon

Development of a Selective Aortic Arch Perfusion System in a Porcine Model of Exsanguination Cardiac Arrest

Bir Domuz Modelinde Perkütan Embolizasyon Bobini Dağıtımı ile Miyokard Enfarktüsü

Swine Models of Aneurysmal Diseases for Training and Research

Hemorajik Şok için Aortun Tam ve Parsiyel Resüsitatif Endovasküler Balon Tıkanıklığı

Domuzlarda Minimal İnvaziv Bir Aort Darlığı Modeli

Domuzlarda Minimal İnvaziv Bir Aort Darlığı Modeli