<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Karaciğer Rejenerasyon Çalışması için Hasta Kaynaklı Hepatokarsinom Hücre Organoidleri

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	<li>Huang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+randomized+trial+comparing+radiofrequency+ablation+and+surgical+resection+for+HCC+conforming+to+the+Milan+criteria.">A randomized trial comparing radiofrequency ablation and surgical resection for HCC conforming to the Milan criteria.</a> Annals of surgery. 252 (6), 903-912 (2010).</li><li>Lim, K. -. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+review+of+outcomes+of+liver+resection+for+early+hepatocellular+carcinoma+within+the+Milan+criteria.">Systematic review of outcomes of liver resection for early hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria.</a> The British Journal of Surgery. 99 (12), 1622-1629 (2012).</li><li>Roayaie, S., Jibara, G., Taouli, B., Schwartz, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resection+of+hepatocellular+carcinoma+with+macroscopic+vascular+invasion.">Resection of hepatocellular carcinoma with macroscopic vascular invasion.</a> Annals of Surgical Oncology. 20 (12), 3754-3760 (2013).</li><li>Sarpel, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Outcome+for+patients+treated+with+laparoscopic+versus+open+resection+of+hepatocellular+carcinoma:+case-matched+analysis.">Outcome for patients treated with laparoscopic versus open resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: case-matched analysis.</a> Annals of Surgical Oncology. 16 (6), 1572-1577 (2009).</li><li>Ou, D. -. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+PD-L1-expressing+orthotopic+liver+cancer+model:+implications+for+immunotherapy+for+hepatocellular+carcinoma.">Development of a PD-L1-expressing orthotopic liver cancer model: implications for immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.</a> Liver Cancer. 8 (3), 155-171 (2019).</li><li>Nuciforo, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organoid+models+of+human+liver+cancers+derived+from+tumor+needle+biopsies.">Organoid models of human liver cancers derived from tumor needle biopsies.</a> Cell Reports. 24 (5), 1363-1376 (2018).</li><li>Broutier, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+primary+liver+cancer-derived+organoid+cultures+for+disease+modeling+and+drug+screening.">Human primary liver cancer-derived organoid cultures for disease modeling and drug screening.</a> Nature Medicine. 23 (12), 1424-1435 (2017).</li><li>Qin, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cutting+and+floating+method+for+paraffin-embedded+tissue+for+sectioning.">The cutting and floating method for paraffin-embedded tissue for sectioning.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE. (139), (2018).</li><li>Feldman, A. T., Wolfe, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+processing+and+hematoxylin+and+eosin+staining.">Tissue processing and hematoxylin and eosin staining.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 1180, 31-43 (2014).</li><li>Bou About, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasound-guided+approaches+to+improve+orthotopic+mouse+xenograft+models+for+hepatocellular+carcinoma.">Ultrasound-guided approaches to improve orthotopic mouse xenograft models for hepatocellular carcinoma.</a> Current Protocols in Mouse Biology. 9 (2), 62 (2019).</li><li>Janssen, B. J. A., Smits, J. F. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autonomic+control+of+blood+pressure+in+mice:+basic+physiology+and+effects+of+genetic+modification.">Autonomic control of blood pressure in mice: basic physiology and effects of genetic modification.</a> American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 282 (6), R1545-R1564 (2002).</li><li>Janssen, B. J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+anesthetics+on+systemic+hemodynamics+in+mice.">Effects of anesthetics on systemic hemodynamics in mice.</a> American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 287 (4), H1618-H1624 (2004).</li><li>Navarro, K. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+anesthesia:+the+art+and+Science.">Mouse anesthesia: the art and Science.</a> ILAR Journal/National Research Council, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources. 62 (1-2), 238-273 (2021).</li><li>Kamali, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extended+liver+resection+in+mice:+state+of+the+art+and+pitfalls-a+systematic+review.">Extended liver resection in mice: state of the art and pitfalls-a systematic review.</a> European Journal of Medical Research. 26 (1), 6 (2021).</li><li>Kim, M. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+orthotopic+and+heterotopic+human+pancreatic+cancer+xenografts+in+immunodeficient+mice.">Generation of orthotopic and heterotopic human pancreatic cancer xenografts in immunodeficient mice.</a> Nature Protocols. 4 (11), 1670-1680 (2009).</li><li>Iwakiri, Y., Cadelina, G., Sessa, W. C., Groszmann, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mice+with+targeted+deletion+of+eNOS+develop+hyperdynamic+circulation+associated+with+portal+hypertension.">Mice with targeted deletion of eNOS develop hyperdynamic circulation associated with portal hypertension.</a> American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 283 (5), G1074-G1081 (2002).</li><li>Schlegel, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ALPPS.">ALPPS.</a> Annals of Surgery. 260 (5), 839-847 (2014).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Advanced DMEM/F12 (adDMEM/F12)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>12634-034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A3733-50G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bupaq Buprenorphinum 0.3 mg pro 1 mL</td>
			<td>Streuli Tiergesundheit AG</td>
			<td>1121915AB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge 5810R</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase IV</td>
			<td>Worthington</td>
			<td>LS004189</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning Matrigel Growth Factor Reduced (GFR) Basement Membrane Matrix (10 mL)</td>
			<td>Corning (Merk)</td>
			<td>CLS356231-1EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Countess II Automated Cell Counter</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Deoxyribonuclease I Type IV from Bovine (DNAse)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D5025-150KU</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM (1x)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>41965-039</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DPBS, no calcium, no magnesium (500 mL)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14190-094</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) (South America). Heat Inactivated &#8211; (500 mL)</td>
			<td>Lubio Science</td>
			<td>S181H-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutamax (100x)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>9149793</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Grant SUB Aqua Pro Water Bath</td>
			<td>Grant Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES (1 M)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>15630056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Histogel</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>R904012</td>
			<td>specimen-processing&#160; gel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hyaluronidase Type IV from sheep (Tested)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H6254-500MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted Microscope Olympus CKX53</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MacsMix Tube Rotator</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin-Glutamine (100x)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10378-016</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Red Blood Cell Lysis</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>11814389001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI 1640 Medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>72400-021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA (0.25%), phenol red (100 mL)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vitaris CO2 Incubator</td>
			<td>Vitaris AG</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Y-27632 dihydrochloride (Rock Inhibitor)</td>
			<td>Abmole Bioscience</td>
			<td>M1817</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a hepatocellular cancer patient&#45;derived organoid xenograft model to investigate impact of liver regeneration on tumor growth

Read this Scientific Article Protocol about Author Spotlight: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Research Through Patient-Derived Organoid Engraftment in Liver Regeneration Models at JoVE.com

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Karaciğer Rejenerasyonunun Tümör Büyümesi Üzerindeki Etkisini Araştırmak İçin Hepatosellüler Kanser Hastasından Elde Edilen Bir Organoid Ksenogreft Modeli

Karaciğer Rejenerasyonunun Tümör Büyümesi Üzerindeki Etkisini Araştırmak İçin Hepatosellüler Kanser Hastasından Elde Edilen Bir Organoid Ksenogreft Modeli

Recurrence poses a notable challenge after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, impacting more than 70% of patients who undergo surgical resection. ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

A Hepatocellular Cancer Patient&#45;Derived Organoid Xenograft Model to Investigate Impact of Liver Regeneration on Tumor Growth

632 Görüntüleme.  University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel. Hasta tümörlerinden üretilen organoidler ortotopik olarak fare karaciğerine enjekte edilir. Tümör olmayan karaciğer dokusunun rezeksiyonu, tümörün bulunduğu karaciğer dokusunda rejeneratif bir ortama yol açar.

Video: Karaciğer Rejenerasyonunun Tümör Büyümesi Üzerindeki Etkisini Araştırmak İçin Hepatosellüler Kanser Hastasından Elde Edilen Bir Organoid Ksenogreft Modeli

Development and Maintenance of a Preclinical Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft Model for the Investigation of Novel Anti-Cancer Therapies

Patient derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models provide a necessary platform in facilitating anti-cancer drug development prior to human trials. Human tumor pieces are injected subcutaneously into athymic nude mice (immunocompromised, T cell deficient) to create a bank of tumors and subsequently are passaged into different generations of mice in order to maintain these tumors from patients. Importantly, cellular heterogeneity of the original tumor is closely emulated in this model, which provides a more clinically relevant model for evaluation of drug efficacy studies (single agent and combination), biomarker analysis, resistant pathways and cancer stem cell biology. Some limitations of the PDTX model include the replacement of the human stroma with mouse stroma after the first generation in mice, inability to investigate treatment effects on metastasis due to the subcutaneous injections of the tumors, and the lack of evaluation of immunotherapies due to the use of immunocompromised mice. However, even with these limitations, the PDTX model provides a powerful preclinical platform in the drug discovery process.

Utilizing patient-derived tumors in a subcutaneous preclinical model is an excellent way to study the efficacy of novel therapies, predictive biomarker discovery, and drug resistant pathways. This model, in the drug development process, is essential in determining the fate of many novel anti-cancer therapies prior to clinical investigation.

Bir Klinik öncesi Hasta Türetilmiş Tümör Roman Anti-Kanser Tedaviler Soruşturma Xenograftlarında Modeli Geliştirilmesi ve Bakımı

Patient derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models provide a necessary platform in facilitating anti-cancer drug development prior to human trials. Human tumor ...

Kanser Araştırmaları

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

B lymphocytes are key players in immune cell circulation and they mainly home to and reside in lymphoid organs. While normal B cells only proliferate when stimulated by T lymphocytes, oncogenic B cells survive and expand autonomously in undefined organ niches. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is one such B cell disorder, where the median survival rate of patients is 4 - 5 years. This calls for the need of effective mechanisms by which the homing and engraftment of these cells are blocked in order to increase the survival and longevity of patients. Therefore, the effort to develop a xenograft mouse model to study the efficacy of MCL therapeutics by blocking the homing mechanism in vivo is of utmost importance. Development of animal recipients for human cell xenotransplantation to test early stage drugs have long been pursued, as relevant preclinical mouse models are crucial to screen new therapeutic agents. This animal model is developed to avoid human graft rejection and to establish a model for human diseases, and it may be an extremely useful tool to study disease progression of different lymphoma types and to perform preclinical testing of candidate drugs for hematologic malignancies, like MCL. We established a xenograft mouse model that will serve as an excellent resource to study and develop novel therapeutic approaches for MCL.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a difficult to treat B cell disorder and it is equally difficult to establish a xenograft mouse model of primary MCL to study and develop therapeutics. Here, we describe the successful establishment of MCL xenografts in mice to help understand its underlying biology.

Tümör Engraftment insan Mantle hücreli lenfoma, Xenograft fare modeli

B lymphocytes are key players in immune cell circulation and they mainly home to and reside in lymphoid organs. While normal B cells only proliferate when ...

Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models for Human Urothelial Cell Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer Tumor Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis

Cancer patients have poor prognoses when lymph node (LN) involvement is present in both high-grade urothelial cell carcinoma (HG-UCC) of the bladder and colorectal cancer (CRC). More than 50% of patients with muscle-invasive UCC, despite curative therapy for clinically-localized disease, will develop metastases and die within 5 years, and metastatic CRC is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US. Xenograft models that consistently mimic UCC and CRC metastasis seen in patients are needed. This study aims to generate patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of UCC and CRC for primary tumor growth and spontaneous metastases under the influence of LN stromal cells mimicking the progression of human metastatic diseases for drug screening. Fresh UCC and CRC tumors were obtained from consented patients undergoing resection for HG-UCC and colorectal adenocarcinoma, respectively. Co-inoculated with LN stromal cell (LNSC) analog HK cells, luciferase-tagged UCC cells were intra-vesically (IB) instilled into female non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice, and CRC cells were intra-rectally (IR) injected into male NOD/SCID mice. Tumor growth and metastasis were monitored weekly using bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Upon sacrifice, primary tumors and mouse organs were harvested, weighed, and formalin-fixed for Hematoxylin and Eosin and immunohistochemistry staining. In our unique PDOX models, xenograft tumors resemble patient pre-implantation tumors. In the presence of HK cells, both models have high tumor implantation rates measured by BLI and tumor weights, 83.3% for UCC and 96.9% for CRC, and high distant organ metastasis rates (33.3% detected liver or lung metastasis for UCC and 53.1% for CRC). In addition, both models have zero mortality from the procedure. We have established unique, reproducible PDOX models for human HG-UCC and CRC, which allow for tumor formation, growth, and metastasis studies. With these models, testing of novel therapeutic drugs can be performed efficiently and in a clinically-mimetic manner.

This protocol describes the generation of patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models by intra-vesically instilling high-grade urothelial cell carcinoma cells or intra-rectally injecting colorectal cancer cells into non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice for primary tumor growth and spontaneous metastases under the influence of lymph node stromal cells, which mimics the progression of human metastatic diseases.

Insan Üromotorial Hücre Karsinomu ve kolorektal kanser tümörü büyüme ve spontan Metasrik için hasta türevi Ortootopik xenograft modelleri

Cancer patients have poor prognoses when lymph node (LN) involvement is present in both high-grade urothelial cell carcinoma (HG-UCC) of the bladder and ...

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression through their ability to destabilize mRNA and inhibit translation of target mRNAs. An ever-increasing number of studies have identified miRNAs as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and also as therapeutic targets, adding an extra dimension to cancer evaluation and treatment. In the context of thyroid cancer, tumorigenesis results not only from mutations in important genes, but also from the overexpression of many miRNAs. Accordingly, the role of miRNAs in the control of thyroid gene expression is evolving as an important mechanism in cancer. Herein, we present a protocol to examine the effects of miRNA-inhibitor delivery as a therapeutic modality in thyroid cancer using human tumor xenograft and orthotopic mouse models. After engineering stable thyroid tumoral cells expressing GFP and luciferase, cells are injected into nude mice to develop tumors, which can be followed by bioluminescence. The in vivo inhibition of a miRNA can reduce tumor growth and upregulate miRNA gene targets. This method can be used to assess the importance of a determined miRNA in vivo, in addition to identifying new therapeutic targets.

This protocol describes xenograft and orthotopic mouse models of human thyroid tumorigenesis as a platform to test microRNA-based inhibitor treatments. This approach is ideal to study the function of non-coding RNAs and their potential as new therapeutic targets.

Farelerde Tümör Büyümesini Azaltmak için MikroRNA'nın Vivo İnhibisyonu

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression through their ability to destabilize mRNA and inhibit translation of target mRNAs. An ...

Generation of a Liver Orthotopic Human Uveal Melanoma Xenograft Platform in Immunodeficient Mice

In recent decades, subcutaneously implanted patient-derived xenograft tumors or cultured human cell lines have been increasingly recognized as more representative models to study human cancers in immunodeficient mice than traditional established human cell lines in vitro. Recently, orthotopically implanted patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models in mice have been developed to better replicate features of patient tumors. A liver orthotopic xenograft mouse model is expected to be a useful cancer research platform, providing insights into tumor biology and drug therapy. However, liver orthotopic tumor implantation is generally complicated. Here we describe our protocols for the orthotopic implantation of patient-derived liver-metastatic uveal melanoma tumors. We cultured human liver metastatic uveal melanoma cell lines into immunodeficient mice. The protocols can result in consistently high technical success rates using either a surgical orthotopic implantation technique with chunks of patient-derived uveal melanoma tumor or a needle injection technique with cultured human cell line. We also describe protocols for CT scanning to detect interior liver tumors and for re-implantation techniques using cryopreserved tumors to achieve re-engraftment. Together, these protocols provide a better platform for liver orthotopic tumor mouse models of liver metastatic uveal melanoma in translational research.

Orthotopic human liver metastatic uveal melanoma xenograft mouse models were created using surgical orthotopic implantation techniques with patient-derived tumor chunk and needle injection techniques with cultured human uveal melanoma cell lines.

İmmünficient Farelerde Karaciğer Ortotopik İnsan Uveal Melanom Xenograft Platformu Üretimi

In recent decades, subcutaneously implanted patient-derived xenograft tumors or cultured human cell lines have been increasingly recognized as more ...

A Mouse Model to Investigate the Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Tumor Growth

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can play an important role in tumor growth by creating a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Models to study the role of CAFs in the tumor microenvironment can be helpful for understanding the functional importance of fibroblasts, fibroblasts from different tissues, and specific genetic factors in fibroblasts. Mouse models are essential for understanding the contributors to tumor growth and progression in an in vivo context. Here, a protocol in which cancer cells are mixed with fibroblasts and introduced into mice to develop tumors is provided. Tumor sizes over time and final tumor weights are determined and compared among groups. The protocol described can provide more insight into the functional role of CAFs in tumor growth and progression.

A protocol to co-inject cancer cells and fibroblasts and monitor tumor growth over time is provided. This protocol can be used to understand the molecular basis for the role of fibroblasts as regulators of tumor growth.

Kanserle İlişkili Fibroblastların Tümör Büyümesindeki Rolünü Araştırmak İçin Bir Fare Modeli

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can play an important role in tumor growth by creating a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Models to study the role ...

A Murine Ommaya Xenograft Model to Study Direct-Targeted Therapy of Leptomeningeal Disease

Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is an uncommon type of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis to the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). The most common cancers that cause LMD are breast and lung cancers and melanoma. Patients diagnosed with LMD have a very poor prognosis and generally survive for only a few weeks or months. One possible reason for the lack of efficacy of systemic therapy against LMD is the failure to achieve therapeutically effective concentrations of drug in the CSF because of an intact and relatively impermeable blood-brain barrier (BBB) or blood-CSF barrier across the choroid plexus. Therefore, directly administering drugs intrathecally or intraventricularly may overcome these barriers. This group has developed a model that allows for the effective delivery of therapeutics (i.e., drugs, antibodies, and cellular therapies) chronically and the repeated sampling of CSF to determine drug concentrations and target modulation in the CSF (when the tumor microenvironment is targeted in mice). The model is the murine equivalent of a magnetic resonance imaging-compatible Ommaya reservoir, which is used clinically. This model, which is affixed to the skull, has been designated as the &#34;Murine Ommaya.&#34; As a therapeutic proof of concept, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 antibodies (clone 7.16.4) were delivered into the CSF via the Murine Ommaya to treat mice with LMD from human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. The Murine Ommaya increases the efficiency of drug delivery using a miniature access port and prevents the wastage of excess drug; it does not interfere with CSF sampling for molecular and immunological studies. The Murine Ommaya is useful for testing novel therapeutics in experimental models of LMD.

Here, we describe a murine xenograft model that functionally resembles an Ommaya reservoir in patients. We developed the Murine Ommaya to study novel therapeutics for the universally fatal leptomeningeal disease.

Leptomeningeal Hastalığın Doğrudan Hedefli Tedavisini Incelemek için Bir Murine Ommaya Xenograft Modeli

Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is an uncommon type of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis to the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). The most common cancers ...

An Ex Vivo Brain Slice Model to Study and Target Breast Cancer Brain Metastatic Tumor Growth

Brain metastasis is a serious consequence of breast cancer for women as these tumors are difficult to treat and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Preclinical mouse models of breast cancer brain metastatic (BCBM) growth are useful but are expensive, and it is difficult to track live cells and tumor cell invasion within the brain parenchyma. Presented here is a protocol for ex vivo brain slice cultures from xenografted mice containing intracranially injected breast cancer brain-seeking clonal sublines. MDA-MB-231BR luciferase tagged cells were injected intracranially into the brains of Nu/Nu female mice, and following tumor formation, the brains were isolated, sliced, and cultured ex vivo. The tumor slices were imaged to identify tumor cells expressing luciferase and monitor their proliferation and invasion in the brain parenchyma for up to 10 days. Further, the protocol describes the use of time-lapse microscopy to image the growth and invasive behavior of the tumor cells following treatment with ionizing radiation or chemotherapy. The response of tumor cells to treatments can be visualized by live-imaging microscopy, measuring bioluminescence intensity, and performing histology on the brain slice containing BCBM cells. Thus, this ex vivo slice model may be a useful platform for rapid testing of novel therapeutic agents alone or in combination with radiation to identify drugs personalized to target an individual patient&#39;s breast cancer brain metastatic growth within the brain microenvironment.

An Ex Vivo Brain Slice Model to Study and Target Breast Cancer Brain Metastatic Tumor Growth

We introduce a protocol for measuring real-time drug and radiation response of breast cancer brain metastatic cells in an organotypic brain slice model. The methods provide a quantitative assay to investigate the therapeutic effects of various treatments on brain metastases from breast cancer in an ex vivo manner within the brain microenvironment interface.

Meme Kanseri Beyin Metastatik Tümör Büyümesini İncelemek ve Hedeflemek için Ex Vivo Beyin Dilimi Modeli

Brain metastasis is a serious consequence of breast cancer for women as these tumors are difficult to treat and are associated with poor clinical ...

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The aggressiveness and lack of well-tolerated and widely effective treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant form of liver cancer, rationalize its rank as the second most common cause of cancer-related death. Preclinical models need to be adapted to recapitulate the human conditions to select the best therapeutic candidates for clinical development and aid the delivery of personalized medicine. Three-dimensional (3D) cellular spheroid models show promise as an emerging in vitro alternative to two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures. Here, we describe a 3D tumor spheroid&#160;model which exploits the ability of individual cells to aggregate when maintained in hanging droplets, and is more representative of an in vivo environment than standard monolayers. Furthermore, 3D spheroids can be produced by combining homotypic or heterotypic cells, more reflective of the cellular heterogeneity in vivo, potentially enabling the study of environmental interactions that can influence progression and treatment responses. The current research optimized the cell density to form 3D homotypic and heterotypic tumor spheroids by immobilizing cell suspensions on the lids of standard 10 cm3 Petri dishes. Longitudinal analysis was performed to generate growth curves for homotypic versus heterotypic tumor/fibroblasts spheroids. Finally, the proliferative impact of fibroblasts (COS7 cells) and liver myofibroblasts (LX2) on homotypic tumor (Hep3B) spheroids was investigated. A seeding density of 3,000 cells (in 20 &#181;L media) successfully yielded Huh7/COS7 heterotypic spheroids, which displayed a steady increase in size up to culture day 8, followed by growth retardation. This finding was corroborated using Hep3B homotypic spheroids cultured in LX2 (human hepatic stellate cell line) conditioned medium (CM). LX2 CM triggered the proliferation of Hep3B spheroids compared to control tumor spheroids. In conclusion, this protocol has shown that 3D tumor spheroids can be used as a simple, economical, and prescreen in vitro tool to study tumor-stromal interactions more comprehensively.

Comprehensive in vitro models that faithfully recapitulate the relevant human disease are lacking. The current study presents three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroid creation and culture, a reliable in vitro tool to study the tumor-stromal interaction in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatosellüler Karsinomdaki Tümör-Stromal Etkileşimi Araştırmak İçin Üç Boyutlu Sferoid Modeli

The aggressiveness and lack of well-tolerated and widely effective treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant form of liver ...

Hedef belirleme ve ilaç geliştirme için HCC organoid oluşumunun optimize edilmesi

Development and Optimization of A Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patient-Derived Organoid Model for Potential Target Identification and Drug Discovery

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent and lethal tumor worldwide and its late discovery and lack of effective specific therapeutic agents necessitate further research into its pathogenesis and treatment. Organoids, a novel model that closely resembles native tumor tissue and can be cultured in vitro, have garnered significant interest in recent years, with numerous reports on the development of organoid models for liver cancer. In this study, we have successfully optimized the procedure and established a culture protocol that enables the formation of larger-sized HCC organoids with stable passaging and culture conditions. We have comprehensively outlined each step of the procedure, covering the entire process of HCC tissue dissociation, organoid plating, culture, passaging, cryopreservation, and resuscitation, and provided detailed precautions in this paper. These organoids exhibit genetic similarity to the original HCC tissues and can be utilized for diverse applications, including the identification of potential therapeutic targets for tumors and subsequent drug development.

Yazar Spotlight: Hasta Kaynaklı Organoidler Kullanarak Karaciğer Kanseri Patogenezinin Araştırılması 

We provide a comprehensive overview and refinement of existing protocols for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) organoid formation, encompassing all stages of organoid cultivation. This system serves as a valuable model for the identification of potential therapeutic targets and the assessment of drug candidate effectiveness.

Potansiyel Hedef Belirleme ve İlaç Keşfi için İnsan Hepatoselüler Karsinomu Hasta Kaynaklı Organoid Modelinin Geliştirilmesi ve Optimizasyonu

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent and lethal tumor worldwide and its late discovery and lack of effective specific therapeutic agents ...