1.15 : Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
| Class of Organic Compounds | Skeletal Structures of Compounds with Functional Groups in Red | Names of Compounds |
| Aromatic hydrocarbon |  |
Benzene |
| Phenol |  |
Phenol (Hydroxybenzene) |
| Aldehyde |  |
Ethanal (Acetaldehyde) |
| Ketone |  |
Acetone |
| Acid or acyl chloride |  |
Acetyl chloride |
| Carboxylic acid |  |
Ethanoic acid (Acetic acid) |
| Ester |  |
Ethyl acetate |
| Amine |  |
Ethylamine |
| Amide |  |
Acetamide |
| Nitrile |  |
Acetonitrile |
| Phosphate |  |
Methyl dihydrogen phosphate |
This text is adapted from Openstax, Chemistry 2e, Section20.2: Alcohols and EthersandSection 20.3: Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters.
From Chapter 1:
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1.15 : Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
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