Name: systematic analysis of in vitro cell rolling using a multi-well plate microfluidic system
Uploaded: 2013-10-16T22:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Systematic Analysis of In Vitro Cell Rolling Using a Multi-well Plate Microfluidic System at JoVE.com

CHO-P cells were a kind gift from Dr. Barbara Furie (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School). This work was supported by National Institute of Health grant HL095722 to J.M.K. This work was also supported in part by a Movember-Prostate Cancer Foundation Challenge Award to J.M.K.

1. Cell Culture
<ol>
	<li>Human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells
	<ol>
		<li>Culture HL-60 cells in 75 cm2 flasks with 15 ml of Iscove&#39;s Modified Dulbecco&#39;s Medium (IMDM), supplemented with 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% (v/v) L-Glutamine and 1% (v/v) Penicillin-Streptomycin.</li>
		<li>Change media every 3 days by aspirating half of the cell suspension volume and replacing it with complete IMDM media.</li>
		<li>For carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFSE) staining, centri...

<ol>
	<li>Conant, C. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Well+plate+microfluidic+system+for+investigation+of+dynamic+platelet+behavior+under+variable+shear+loads.">Well plate microfluidic system for investigation of dynamic platelet behavior under variable shear loads.</a> Biotechnol. Bioeng. 108, 2978-2987 (2011).</li><li>Conant, C. G., Schwartz, M. A., Ionescu-Zanetti, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Well+plate-coupled+microfluidic+devices+designed+for+facile+image-based+cell+adhesion+and+transmigration+assays.">Well plate-coupled microfluidic devices designed for facile image-based cell adhesion and transmigration assays.</a> J. Biomol. Screen. 15, 102-106 (2010).</li><li>Ankrum, J., Karp, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cell+therapy:+Two+steps+forward,+one+step+back.">Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: Two steps forward, one step back.</a> Trends Mol. Med. 16, 203-209 (2010).</li><li>Karp, J. M., Leng Teo, G. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cell+homing:+the+devil+is+in+the+details.">Mesenchymal stem cell homing: the devil is in the details.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 4, 206-216 (2009).</li><li>Luster, A. D., Alon, R., von Andrian, U. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immune+cell+migration+in+inflammation:+present+and+future+therapeutic+targets.">Immune cell migration in inflammation: present and future therapeutic targets.</a> Nat. Immunol. 6, 1182-1190 (2005).</li><li>Ley, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+selectins+in+inflammation+and+disease.">The role of selectins in inflammation and disease.</a> Trends Mol. Med. 9, 263-268 (2003).</li><li>Sperandio, M., Pickard, J., Unnikrishnan, S., Acton, S. T., Ley, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+leukocyte+rolling+in+vivo+and+in+vitro.">Analysis of leukocyte rolling in vivo and in vitro.</a> Methods Enzymol. 416 (06), 346-371 (2006).</li><li>Brown, D. C., Larson, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvements+to+parallel+plate+flow+chambers+to+reduce+reagent+and+cellular+requirements.">Improvements to parallel plate flow chambers to reduce reagent and cellular requirements.</a> BMC Immunol. 2, 9 (2001).</li><li>Lawrence, M. B., McIntire, L. V., Eskin, S. 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Microbiol. 76, 4136-4142 (2010).</li><li>Varki, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selectin+ligands.">Selectin ligands.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 7390-7397 (1994).</li><li>Ramos, C. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+demonstration+of+P-selectin-+and+VCAM-1-dependent+mononuclear+cell+rolling+in+early+atherosclerotic+lesions+of+apolipoprotein+E-deficient+mice.">Direct demonstration of P-selectin- and VCAM-1-dependent mononuclear cell rolling in early atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.</a> Circ. 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One of the major challenges in successful translation of exogenous cell-based therapy is the inability to efficiently deliver cells to sites of injury and inflammation with high engraftment efficiency3. Cell rolling represents a critical step in the process of cell homing, facilitating the deceleration of cells on the walls of blood vessels, eventually leading to their firm adhesion and transmigration through the endothelium into the tissue5. Better understanding of the rolling process for candidate...

One of the major challenges in the successful clinical translation of cell-based therapy is the inefficient delivery or targeting of systemically infused cells to desired sites3,4. Consequently, there is a constant search for approaches to improve cell homing, and specifically cell rolling, as a strategy to improve cell therapy. Cell rolling on blood vessels is a key step in the cell homing cascade, classically defined for leukocytes that are recruited to disease sites5. This step is governed by specific interactions between endothelial selectins, i.e. P-and E-selectin (P-and E-sel), and their counter ligands on the surface of leukocytes5,6. Better understanding and improved efficiency of cell homing, and specifically the rolling step, are of great importance in the quest for new platforms to improve cell-based therapy. To date this has been achieved by using parallel plate flow chambers (PPFCs), comprising two flat plates with a gasket between them, with an inflow and outflow port located on the upper plate, through which a cell suspension is perfused by using a syringe pump7,8 ,9. The surface of the bottom plate can be coated with a relevant cell monolayer/substrates and the interaction between perfused cells and the surface under shear flow is then explored7. However, PPFC is a low throughput, reagent-consuming, and fairly tedious method, with bubble formation, leakage, and poorly controlled flow presenting major drawbacks.
An alternative technique to the traditional PPFC is a multi-well plate microfluidic system, permitting higher throughput performance of cellular assays (up to 10 times higher than PPFCs) under accurate, computer-controlled shear flow, with low reagent consumption1,10. Cell rolling experiments are performed inside the microfluidic channels, which can be coated with cell monolayers or engineered substrates and imaged using a microscope, with rolling properties readily analyzed using a suitable software. In this study, we demonstrate the capabilities of this multi-well plate microfluidic system by studying the rolling properties of human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells on different surfaces. HL-60 rolling on substrates like P-and E-sel, as well as on cell monolayers expressing different rolling receptors, was analyzed. In addition, antibody (Ab) blocking was used to demonstrate direct involvement of specific selectins in mediating the rolling movement of HL-60 on those surfaces. Rolling experiments were performed with increased throughput, under stable shear flow, with minimal reagent/cell consumption, allowing efficient analysis of key rolling parameters such as rolling velocity, number of rolling cells, and rolling path properties.

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>CC-2527</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P-selectin-expressing Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (CHO-P)</td>
			<td>Kind gift by Dr. Barbara Furie11,12</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HL-60 Cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CCL-240</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>[header]</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Cell Culture Reagents</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endothelial Basal Medium</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>CC-3156</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EBM-2 Media</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>CC-3156</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endothelial Basal Medium Supplements</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>CC-4147</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EGM-2 MV SingleQuots</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>CC-4147</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IMDM - Iscove&#39;s Modified Dulbecco&#39;s Medium 1x</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>12440</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>F-12 (1x) Nutrient Mixture (Ham)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11765-054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin Streptomycin (P/S)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine (L/G) 200 mM</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Atlanta Biologicals</td>
			<td>Sa550</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petri Dishes</td>
			<td>BD Falcon</td>
			<td>BD-353003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100 mm Cell Culture Dish, Tissue-Culture Treated Polystyrene</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge Tubes (15 ml polypropylene conical tubes)</td>
			<td>MedSupply Partners</td>
			<td>TC1500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T75 Flasks</td>
			<td>BD Falcon</td>
			<td>353136</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gelatin Solution (2%)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G1393</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dPBS (without calcium chloride and magnesium chloride)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D8537</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA Solution (10x)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T4174</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>[header]</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Antibodies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-hE-Selectin/CD62E</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>BBA21</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC Conjugated Mouse IgG1</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>BBA21</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-hP-Selectin</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>BBA34</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC Conjugated Mouse IgG1</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>BBA34</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC Mouse IgG&#173;1 &#954; Isotype Control</td>
			<td>BD Bioscience</td>
			<td>555748</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-SLeX /CD15s Ab, Clone: 5F18</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>SC70545</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC Conjugated</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>SC70545</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal Mouse IgM-FITC Isotype Control</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>SC2859</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE Mouse Anti-Human CD162, Clone: KPL-1</td>
			<td>BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td>556055</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE Mouse IgG1 k Isotype Control</td>
			<td>BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td>550617</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-P-Selectin Ab (AK4)</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>SC19996</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-E-Selectin Ab, Clone P2H3</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB2150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse IgG1 Isotype Control</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>SC3877</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>[header]</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Other Reagents</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Human TNF-alpha</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>300-01A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Trace CFSE Cell Proliferation Kit - For Flow Cytometry</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>C34554</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human P-selectin-FC recombinant protein</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>137-PS-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human E-selectin-FC recombinant protein</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>724-ES-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibronectin Human, Plasma</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>33016-015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>[header]</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Equipment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bioflux 1000</td>
			<td>Fluxion Biosciences</td>
			<td>Bioflux Montage was the software used to run the experiments and analyze the data</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BioFlux 48-well plates</td>
			<td>Fluxion Biosciences</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer</td>
			<td>BD Bioscience</td>
			<td>CFlow Plus was the software used to run the experiments and analyze the data</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nikon Eclipse Ti-S</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CoolSnap HQ2 CCD camera</td>
			<td>Photometrics</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

systematic analysis of in vitro cell rolling using a multi-well plate microfluidic system

A major challenge for cell-based therapy is the inability to systemically target a large quantity of viable cells with high efficiency to tissues of interest following intravenous or intraarterial infusion. Consequently, increasing cell homing is currently studied as a strategy to improve cell therapy. Cell rolling on the vascular endothelium is an important step in the process of cell homing and can be probed in-vitro using a parallel plate flow chamber (PPFC). However, this is an extremely tedious, low throughput assay, with poorly controlled flow conditions. Instead, we used a multi-well plate microfluidic system that enables study of cellular rolling properties in a higher throughput under precisely controlled, physiologically relevant shear flow1,2. In this paper, we show how the rolling properties of HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia) cells on P- and E-selectin-coated surfaces as well as on cell monolayer-coated surfaces can be readily examined. To better simulate inflammatory conditions, the microfluidic channel surface was coated with endothelial cells (ECs), which were then activated with tumor necrosis factor-&#945; (TNF-&#945;), significantly increasing interactions with HL-60 cells under dynamic conditions. The enhanced throughput and integrated multi-parameter software analysis platform, that permits rapid analysis of parameters such as rolling velocities and rolling path, are important advantages for assessing cell rolling properties in-vitro. Allowing rapid and accurate analysis of engineering approaches designed to impact cell rolling and homing, this platform may help advance exogenous cell-based therapy.

HL-60 cells roll on P- and E-selectin surfaces, but not on fibronectin
HL-60 cells are considered gold standard &#34;rollers&#34; as they express a variety of homing ligands, including the rolling ligands P-sel glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and Sialyl-Lewis X (SLeX)5,14 (Figure 1A). The surface protein PSGL-1 acts as a scaffold for the tetra-saccharide SLeX, mediating specific interaction with P- and E-sel, which are up-regulated on the endothelium during inflammation...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Systematic Analysis of In Vitro Cell Rolling Using a Multi-well Plate Microfluidic System at JoVE.com

Systematic Analysis of In Vitro Cell Rolling Using a Multi-well Plate Microfluidic System

This study used a multi-well plate microfluidic system, significantly increasing throughput of cell rolling studies under physiologically relevant shear flow. Given the importance of cell rolling in the multi-step cell homing cascade and the importance of cell homing following systemic delivery of exogenous populations of cells in patients, this system offers potential as a screening platform to improve cell-based therapy.

Systematic Analysis of In Vitro Cell Rolling Using a Multi-well Plate Microfluidic System

A major challenge for cell-based therapy is the inability to systemically target a large quantity of viable cells with high efficiency to tissues of ...

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