Name: an efficient and high yield method for isolation of mouse dendritic cell subsets
Uploaded: 2016-04-18T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets at JoVE.com

This work was supported by NIH/NIAID grant AI45889 to S.A.P. Flow cytometry studies were carried out using FACS core facilities supported by the Einstein Cancer Center (NIH/NCI CA013330) and Center for AIDS Research (NIH/NIAID AI51519).

Animal experiments are done in accordance with approved guidelines from the institutional animal care and usage committee (IACUC). All procedures requiring sterility are performed in a biosafety cabinet.
1. Implantation of B16.Flt3L Melanoma in Mice
<ol>
	<li>Culture the Flt-3 expressing B16 melanoma cell line in T25 tissue culture flasks at a density of 0.5 x 106 cells/ml&#160;in complete DMEM medium with 10% CO2 at 37 &#176;C. Grow until the cells reach ~90% confluenc...

<ol>
	<li>Steinman, R. M., Cohn, Z. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+a+novel+cell+type+in+peripheral+lymphoid+organs+of+mice.+I.+Morphology,+quantitation,+tissue+distribution.">Identification of a novel cell type in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice. I. Morphology, quantitation, tissue distribution.</a> J Exp Med. 137 (5), 1142-1162 (1973).</li><li>Banchereau, J., Steinman, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dendritic+cells+and+the+control+of+immunity.">Dendritic cells and the control of immunity.</a> Nature. 392 (6673), 245-252 (1998).</li><li>Dudziak, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+antigen+processing+by+dendritic+cell+subsets+in+vivo.">Differential antigen processing by dendritic cell subsets in vivo.</a> Science. 315 (5808), 107-111 (2007).</li><li>Belz, G. T., Nutt, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+programming+of+the+dendritic+cell+network.">Transcriptional programming of the dendritic cell network.</a> Nat Rev Immunol. 12 (2), 101-113 (2012).</li><li>den Haan, J. M., Bevan, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Constitutive+versus+activation-dependent+cross-presentation+of+immune+complexes+by+CD8(+)+and+CD8(-)+dendritic+cells+in+vivo.">Constitutive versus activation-dependent cross-presentation of immune complexes by CD8(+) and CD8(-) dendritic cells in vivo.</a> J Exp Med. 196 (6), 817-827 (2002).</li><li>Carbone, F. R., Kurts, C., Bennett, S. R., Miller, J. F., Heath, W. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cross-presentation:+a+general+mechanism+for+CTL+immunity+and+tolerance.">Cross-presentation: a general mechanism for CTL immunity and tolerance.</a> Immunol Today. 19 (8), 368-373 (1998).</li><li>Yamazaki, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CD8++CD205++splenic+dendritic+cells+are+specialized+to+induce+Foxp3++regulatory+T+cells.">CD8+ CD205+ splenic dendritic cells are specialized to induce Foxp3+ regulatory T cells.</a> J Immunol. 181 (10), 6923-6933 (2008).</li><li>Mukherjee, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DEC-205-mediated+antigen+targeting+to+steady-state+dendritic+cells+induces+deletion+of+diabetogenic+CD8(+)+T+cells+independently+of+PD-1+and+PD-L1.">DEC-205-mediated antigen targeting to steady-state dendritic cells induces deletion of diabetogenic CD8(+) T cells independently of PD-1 and PD-L1.</a> Int Immunol. 25 (11), 651-660 (2013).</li><li>Melief, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mini-review:+Regulation+of+cytotoxic+T+lymphocyte+responses+by+dendritic+cells:+peaceful+coexistence+of+cross-priming+and+direct+priming.">Mini-review: Regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses by dendritic cells: peaceful coexistence of cross-priming and direct priming.</a> Eur J Immunol. 33 (10), 2645-2654 (2003).</li><li>Bendelac, A., Savage, P. B., Teyton, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+biology+of+NKT+cells.">The biology of NKT cells.</a> Annu Rev Immunol. 25, 297-336 (2007).</li><li>Benlagha, K., Bendelac, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CD1d-restricted+mouse+V+alpha+14+and+human+V+alpha+24+T+cells:+lymphocytes+of+innate+immunity.">CD1d-restricted mouse V alpha 14 and human V alpha 24 T cells: lymphocytes of innate immunity.</a> Semin Immunol. 12 (6), 537-542 (2000).</li><li>Brennan, P. J., Brigl, M., Brenner, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Invariant+natural+killer+T+cells:+an+innate+activation+scheme+linked+to+diverse+effector+functions.">Invariant natural killer T cells: an innate activation scheme linked to diverse effector functions.</a> Nature reviews. Immunology. 13 (2), 101-117 (2013).</li><li>Arora, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+single+subset+of+dendritic+cells+controls+the+cytokine+bias+of+natural+killer+T+cell+responses+to+diverse+glycolipid+antigens.">A single subset of dendritic cells controls the cytokine bias of natural killer T cell responses to diverse glycolipid antigens.</a> Immunity. 40 (1), 105-116 (2014).</li><li>Semmling, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alternative+cross-priming+through+CCL17-CCR4-mediated+attraction+of+CTLs+toward+NKT+cell-licensed+DCs.">Alternative cross-priming through CCL17-CCR4-mediated attraction of CTLs toward NKT cell-licensed DCs.</a> Nat Immunol. 11 (4), 313-320 (2010).</li><li>Duriancik, D. M., Hoag, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+identification+and+enumeration+of+dendritic+cell+populations+from+individual+mouse+spleen+and+Peyer's+patches+using+flow+cytometric+analysis.">The identification and enumeration of dendritic cell populations from individual mouse spleen and Peyer's patches using flow cytometric analysis.</a> Cytometry A. 75 (11), 951-959 (2009).</li><li>Karsunky, H., Merad, M., Cozzio, A., Weissman, I. L., Manz, M. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flt3+ligand+regulates+dendritic+cell+development+from+Flt3++lymphoid+and+myeloid-committed+progenitors+to+Flt3++dendritic+cells+in+vivo.">Flt3 ligand regulates dendritic cell development from Flt3+ lymphoid and myeloid-committed progenitors to Flt3+ dendritic cells in vivo.</a> J Exp Med. 198 (2), 305-313 (2003).</li><li>Mach, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differences+in+dendritic+cells+stimulated+in+vivo+by+tumors+engineered+to+secrete+granulocyte-macrophage+colony-stimulating+factor+or+Flt3-ligand.">Differences in dendritic cells stimulated in vivo by tumors engineered to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or Flt3-ligand.</a> Cancer Res. 60 (12), 3239-3246 (2000).</li><li>Vremec, D., Segura, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+purification+of+large+numbers+of+antigen+presenting+dendritic+cells+from+mouse+spleen.">The purification of large numbers of antigen presenting dendritic cells from mouse spleen.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 960, 327-350 (2013).</li><li>Machholz, E., Mulder, G., Ruiz, C., Corning, B. F., Pritchett-Corning, K. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Manual+restraint+and+common+compound+administration+routes+in+mice+and+rats.">Manual restraint and common compound administration routes in mice and rats.</a> J Vis Exp. (67), (2012).</li><li>Reeves, J. P., Reeves, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unit+1.9,+Removal+of+lymphoid+organs.">Unit 1.9, Removal of lymphoid organs.</a> Curr Protoc Immunol. , (2001).</li><li>Strober, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Appendix+3B,+Trypan+blue+exclusion+test+of+cell+viability.">Appendix 3B, Trypan blue exclusion test of cell viability.</a> Curr Protoc Immunol. , (2001).</li><li>Vremec, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maintaining+dendritic+cell+viability+in+culture.">Maintaining dendritic cell viability in culture.</a> Mol Immunol. 63 (2), 264-267 (2015).</li></ol>

Dendritic cells are accepted to be the major professional antigen presenting cells involved in the priming of T cell responses. Their main function is to survey the tissue microenvironment by taking up and processing antigens for presentation to T cells. In order to study the function of specific DC subsets, these need to be isolated in sufficient numbers using an approach that maintains their normal phenotype and functions. Most protocols rely on the isolation of specific DC subset from na&#239;ve mice. Since these cell...

Dendritic cells (DC) were discovered almost forty years ago as the &#34;large stellate (Greek dendron) cell&#34; found in lymphoid organs1. Many studies have shown that DCs are the only antigen presenting cells that can effectively stimulate na&#239;ve T cells2. A major function of these cells is the uptake and presentation of antigens and their efficient processing and loading of these onto antigen presenting molecules. In mouse spleen, DCs can be separated into plasmacytoid and conventional subsets. The plasmacytoid DCs are characterized by low expression of CD11c and high levels of B220 and Gr-1. They are also positive for the surface marker mPDCA1 and secrete type I interferon in response to toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligands. The conventional DCs are high for CD11c and MHC class II expression. They can be split into three distinct subsets based on the surface expression of phenotypic markers such as CD4, CD8&#945;, DEC205, CD11b and dendritic cell inhibitory receptor 2 (DCIR2, recognized by the 33D1 antibody) proteins 3,4. The CD8&#945;Pos DCs are also known as cDC1, are positive for DEC205, but negative for myeloid markers such as CD11b and 33D1. The CD8&#945;Neg DCs, also called cDC2, are positive for 33D1, CD11b and CD4 but lack DEC205. The double negative subset (i.e., negative for both CD4 and CD8&#945;) is relatively rare, and is negative for DEC205 and 33D1. It is the least characterized subset and may be a less differentiated form of CD8&#945;Neg DC.
Phenotypic differences in the various DC subsets also extend to their in vivo functions. The CD8&#945;Neg DCs are highly phagocytic and are thought to present exogenous antigen mainly&#160;via MHC class II to CD4 T cells 3. In contrast, the CD8&#945;Pos DCs are specialized for presentation of soluble protein antigen on MHC class I in a mechanism called cross-presentation. The outcome of cross-presentation depends on the activation status of these DCs5, and can either lead to expansion of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) or development of regulatory T cells 62,7. Targeting of antigen to CD8&#945;Pos&#160;DCs&#160;using anti-DEC205-antibody-mediated delivery results largely in the deletion of T cells8, whereas presentation of antigens derived from infected apoptotic cells induces a strong CTL response 9.
In addition to recognition of peptide antigens, the mammalian immune system has evolved to recognize lipid and glycolipid antigens. These antigens are presented by CD1 molecules, which are MHC class I-like cell surface proteins that exist in multiple related forms in various mammals. In mice, a single type of highly conserved CD1 molecule called CD1d is responsible for presentation of glycolipid antigens 10. The major population of T cells that recognize CD1d/glycolipid complexes is called invariant NKT cells (iNKT cells). These cells express a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) composed of an invariant TCR&#945; chain that is paired with TCR&#946; chains that have limited diversity 11. Unlike conventional T cells that need to proliferate and differentiate to become activated effector T cells, iNKT cells exist as an effector population and start responding rapidly after glycolipid administration 12. Identification of physiologically relevant lipid antigen presenting cells is an active area of research, and several distinct cell types such as B cells, macrophages and DCs have been suggested to perform this function. However, it was demonstrated that the CD8&#945;Pos subset of DCs is the primary cell mediating uptake and presentation of lipid antigens to mouse iNKT cells 13 and glycolipid mediated cross-priming of CD8 T cells 14.
To compare the efficiency of antigen presentation by different antigen presenting cells, a straightforward approach is to transfer different types of purified APCs pulsed with equivalent amounts of antigen into na&#239;ve hosts. Cell transfer experiments of this type are often performed for immunological studies. However, performing transfer studies with ex vivo antigen treated DCs is challenging, since these cells exist as rare populations in lymphoid organs where they constitute less than 2% of total cells15. It is therefore necessary to enhance the development of these cells in donor animals to increase the efficiency of isolation protocols.
It is known that the common lymphoid and common myeloid progenitors, which are required for generation of pDC, CD8Pos and CD8Neg DC subsets, express fms-related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt-3). Upon in vivo Flt-3 ligand (Flt-3L) administration, emigration of Flt-3 expressing progenitor cells from bone marrow is increased, resulting in the increased seeding of peripheral lymphoid organs and the expansion of their mature DC progeny16. Expression of Flt-3 is lost during commitment to the B, T or NK cell differentiation pathways. Therefore, only minimal alterations are observed in these cells upon Flt-3L administration. Similar expansion in DC populations is observed in mice bearing tumors generated by implantation of a B16-melanoma cell line secreting murine Flt-3L, which provides a simple and economical method for providing sustained systemic levels of Flt-3L17,18. Using this approach, we have developed a protocol based on the implantation of B16-melanoma cells secreting Flt-3L to stimulate the expansion of all normal DC subsets in mouse spleen, thus greatly increasing the yields of these cells that can be isolated for subsequent experiments. We consistently find that within 10 - 14 days following subcutaneous implantation of the Flt-3 secreting tumor, mice develop splenomegaly with marked enrichment of DCs to constitute 40 - 60% of total spleen cells. From these spleens, different DC subsets can be isolated with high purity using standard commercially available cell purification kits that employ subset-specific phenotypic markers.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.05% Trypsin-EDTA&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies, Gibco</td>
			<td>25300-054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CDS019936-250MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase D&#160;</td>
			<td>Roche Diagnostics</td>
			<td>11088858001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNase I (dry powder)</td>
			<td>QIAGEN</td>
			<td>79254</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>200 proof ethanol&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>9-6705-004-220</td>
			<td>Used to prepare 70% ethanol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RBC lysis buffer</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>R7757</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI-1640 medium with L-glutamine&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies, Gibco</td>
			<td>11875-119</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM medium with L-glutamine&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies, Gibco</td>
			<td>11995-073</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>200 mM L-glutamine&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25030081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MEM non-essential amino acids&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies, Gibco</td>
			<td>11140-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MEM essential amino acids&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11130-051&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#946;-mercaptoethanol&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies, Invitrogen</td>
			<td>21985-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium pyruvate&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11360-070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies, Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15630</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered saline (PBS Ca2+ and Mg2+ free pH 7.2)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies, Invitrogen</td>
			<td>20012-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s PBS (DPBS with Ca2+ and Mg2+)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies, Gibco</td>
			<td>14040-182</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.5 M Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) solution&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15575-020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin (BSA)&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A2153</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal calf serum</td>
			<td>Atlanta Biologicals</td>
			<td>S11050&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies, Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15140-163</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan blue (dry powder)&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T6146-5G&#160;</td>
			<td>Prepare 0.08% with PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Isolation Kit II, mouse</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotech</td>
			<td>130-092-786</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic beads conjugated with anti-mouse CD11c&#160;</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotech</td>
			<td>130-152-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD8&#945;Pos mouse DC isolation kit&#160;</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotech</td>
			<td>130-091-169</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fc-gamma receptor blocking antibody (Clone 2.4G2)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>553141</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD11c-FITC&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>553801</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD8&#945;-PerCP&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>553036</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse B220-PE&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>553090</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 ml syringes&#160;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>26048</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>23 G1 needle&#160;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>305145</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100 mm Petri dishes&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>875712</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical instruments&#160;</td>
			<td>Kent Scientific</td>
			<td>INSMOUSEKIT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell strainer (70 &#181;m&#160;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>352350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Large Petri plates&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>FB0875712</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum filtration system (500 ml(0.22 um&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>431097</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LS columns&#160;</td>
			<td>Miltenyi</td>
			<td>130-042-401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic stand MACS separator&#160;</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-042-302</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wide-bore 200 &#956;l pipette tips&#160;</td>
			<td>PerkinElmer</td>
			<td>111623</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning ultra-low attachment 96-well plates&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>CLS3474-24EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-8 week old female C57BL/6 mice&#160;</td>
			<td>Jackson Research Laboratories, Jax</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Murine B16.Flt3L melanoma cell line</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>described by Mach et al. ,2000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Serum free DMEM and RPMI media</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>500 ml DMEM with L-glutamine, or 500 ml RPMI-1640 with L-glutamine 
			 
			5 ml MEM nonessential amino acids (100x, 10 mM)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 
			 
			5 ml HEPES Buffer (1 M)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 
			 
			5 ml L-glutamine (200 mM)&#160; 
			 
			0.5 ml 2-mercaptoethanol (5.5 x 10-2 M)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Mix all the ingredients in a biosafety cabinet with either DMEM or RPMI media depending on your need.&#160; Filter sterilize the media by passing through a 0.22 &#181;m vacuum filtration system.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Complete RPMI and DMEM media</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Add 50 ml of heat inactivated fetal calf serum to serum free RPMI or DMEM media to obtain complete media.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MACS buffer:&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Add 2 ml of 0.5 M EDTA and 10 ml of heat inactivated fetal calf serum to 500 ml of Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Ca2+ and Mg2+ Free, pH 7.2) and 2 ug/ml 2.4G2 (Fc-Block antibody).&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FACS staining buffer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dissolve sodium azide to 0.05% (0.25 g per 500 ml) in MACS buffer to obtain FACS staining buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10x Collagenase D and DNase 1 stock solution 
			Dissolve 1 g of collagenase D and 0.2 ml of DNase 1 stock (1 mg/ml, 100x) in 20 ml of PBS containing Ca++ and Mg++ to obtain a solution of approximately 1,000-</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>2,000 Units of collagenase activity per ml 
			 
			This 10x stock solution can be prepared ahead of time and stored at -20 &#176;C for several weeks. Dilute 1 ml of this with 9 ml of serum free RPMI immediately before use</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an efficient and high yield method for isolation of mouse dendritic cell subsets

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells primarily responsible for acquiring, processing and presenting antigens on antigen presenting molecules to initiate T-cell-mediated immunity. Dendritic cells can be separated into several phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous subsets. Three important subsets of splenic dendritic cells are plasmacytoid, CD8&#945;Pos and CD8&#945;Neg cells. The plasmacytoid DCs are natural producers of type I interferon and are important for anti-viral T cell immunity. The CD8&#945;Neg DC subset is specialized for MHC class II antigen presentation and is centrally involved in priming CD4 T cells. The CD8&#945;Pos DCs are primarily responsible for cross-presentation of exogenous antigens and CD8 T cell priming. The CD8&#945;Pos DCs have been demonstrated to be most efficient at the presentation of glycolipid antigens by CD1d molecules to a specialized T cell population known as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Administration of Flt-3 ligand increases the frequency of migration of dendritic cell progenitors from bone marrow, ultimately resulting in expansion of dendritic cells in peripheral lymphoid organs in murine models. We have adapted this model to purify large numbers of functional dendritic cells for use in cell transfer experiments to compare in vivo proficiency of different DC subsets.

The outcome of this procedure relies on the expansion of DC subsets by murine Flt-3L expressed by the implanted melanoma cells. The B16.Flt3L tumor was derived from a C57BL/6 mouse, and should be implanted into animals with that strain background in order to avoid failure of the tumor to become established due to rejection. In some cases, it may be desirable to use genetically modified mice to derive DCs with known defects in signaling pathways or receptors of interest. It is important to...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets at JoVE.com

An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets

Distinct dendritic cell subsets exist as rare populations in lymphoid organs, and therefore are challenging to isolate in sufficient numbers and purity for immunological experiments. Here we describe a high efficiency, high yield method for isolation of all of the currently known major subsets of mouse splenic dendritic cells.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells primarily responsible for acquiring, processing and presenting antigens on antigen ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Optimized Protocol for Efficient Transfection of Dendritic Cells without Cell Maturation

Dendritic cells (DCs) can be considered sentinels of the immune system which play a critical role in its initiation and response to infection1. Detection ...

Isolation of Mouse Lung Dendritic Cells

Lung dendritic cells (DC) play a fundamental role in sensing invading pathogens 1,2 as well as in the control of tolerogenic responses 3 in the ...

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine

Within the intestine reside unique populations of innate and adaptive immune cells that are involved in promoting tolerance towards commensal flora and ...

Isolation of Precursor B-cell Subsets from Umbilical Cord Blood

Umbilical cord blood is highly enriched for hematopoietic progenitor cells at different lineage commitment stages. We have developed a protocol for ...

High Yield Purification of Plasmodium falciparum Merozoites For Use in Opsonizing Antibody Assays

High Yield Purification of Plasmodium falciparum Merozoites For Use in Opsonizing Antibody Assays

Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens are under development as potential malaria vaccines. One aspect of immunity against malaria is the removal of ...

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Mouse NaÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¯ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Antigen inexperienced (na&#239;ve) CD4+ T cells undergo expansion and differentiation to effector subsets at the time of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident ...

Establishment of a High-throughput Setup for Screening Small Molecules That Modulate c-di-GMP Signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Establishment of a High-throughput Setup for Screening Small Molecules That Modulate c-di-GMP Signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics has driven research attempts to identify new drug targets in recently discovered regulatory pathways. ...

Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Purification of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from the Mouse Bone Marrow

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a technique to purify specific cell populations based on phenotypes detected by flow cytometry. This method ...

An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

A number of methods have been described to establish NK/T cell lines from patients with lymphoma or lymphoproliferative syndrome. These methods employed ...