Name: protocol for data collection and analysis applied to automated facial expression analysis technology and temporal analysis for sensory evaluation
Uploaded: 2016-08-26T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protocol for Data Collection and Analysis Applied to Automated Facial Expression Analysis Technology and Temporal Analysis for Sensory Evaluation at JoVE.com

This project was funded, in part, by ConAgra Foods (Omaha, NE, USA), the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, the Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Virginia Tech Water INTERface Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program.

Ethics Statement: This study was pre-approved by Virginia Tech Institutional Review Board (IRB) (IRB 14-229) prior to starting the project.
Caution: Human subject research requires informed consent prior to participation. In addition to IRB approval, consent for use of still or video images is also required prior to releasing any images for print, video, or graphic imaging. Additionally, food allergens are disclosed prior to testing. Participants are asked prior to panel start if they have any intolerance, allergies or other concerns....

<ol>
	<li>De Wijk, R. A., Kooijman, V., Verhoeven, R. H. G., Holthuysen, N. T. E., De Graaf, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autonomic+nervous+system+responses+on+and+facial+expressions+to+the+sight,+smell,+and+taste+of+liked+and+disliked+foods.">Autonomic nervous system responses on and facial expressions to the sight, smell, and taste of liked and disliked foods.</a> Food Qual Prefer. 26 (2), 196-203 (2012).</li><li>De Wijk, R. A., He, W., Mensink, M. G. J., Verhoeven, R. H. G., De Graaf, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ANS+responses+and+facial+expression+differentiate+between+the+taste+of+commercial+breakfast+drinks.">ANS responses and facial expression differentiate between the taste of commercial breakfast drinks.</a> PLoS ONE. 9 (4), 1-9 (2014).</li><li>He, W., Boesveldt, S., De Graaf, C., De Wijk, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioural+and+physiological+responses+to+two+food+odours.">Behavioural and physiological responses to two food odours.</a> Appetite. 59 (2), 628 (2012).</li><li>He, W., Boesveldt, S., De Graaf, C., De Wijk, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamics+of+autonomic+nervous+system+responses+and+facial+expressions+to+odors.">Dynamics of autonomic nervous system responses and facial expressions to odors.</a> Front Psychol. 5 (110), 1-8 (2014).</li><li>Danner, L., Sidorkina, L., Joechl, M., Duerrschmid, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Make+a+face!+Implicit+and+explicit+measurement+of+facial+expressions+elicited+by+orange+juices+using+face+reading+technology.">Make a face! Implicit and explicit measurement of facial expressions elicited by orange juices using face reading technology.</a> Food Qual Prefer. 32 (2014), 167-172 (2013).</li><li>Danner, L., Haindl, S., Joechl, M., Duerrschmid, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Facial+expression+and+autonomous+nervous+system+responses+elicited+by+tasting+different+juices.">Facial expression and autonomous nervous system responses elicited by tasting different juices.</a> Food Res Int. 64 (2014), 81-90 (2014).</li><li>Arnade, E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Measuring consumer emotional response to tastes and foods through facial expression analysis [thesis]. , 1-187 (2013).</li><li>Leitch, K. A., Duncan, S. E., O'Keefe, S., Rudd, R., Gallagher, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterizing+consumer+emotional+response+to+sweeteners+using+an+emotion+terminology+questionnaire+and+facial+expression+analysis.">Characterizing consumer emotional response to sweeteners using an emotion terminology questionnaire and facial expression analysis.</a> Food Res Int. 76, 283-292 (2015).</li><li>Crist, C. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+emotional+facial+analysis+technology+to+consumer+acceptability+using+a+basic+tastes+model.">Application of emotional facial analysis technology to consumer acceptability using a basic tastes model.</a> , (2014).</li><li>Garcia-Burgos, D., Zamora, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Facial+affective+reactions+to+bitter-tasting+foods+and+body+mass+index+in+adults.">Facial affective reactions to bitter-tasting foods and body mass index in adults.</a> Appetite. 71 (2013), 178-186 (2013).</li><li>Garcia-Burgos, D., Zamora, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exploring+the+hedonic+and+incentive+properties+in+preferences+for+bitter+foods+via+self-reports,+facial+expressions+and+instrumental+behaviours.">Exploring the hedonic and incentive properties in preferences for bitter foods via self-reports, facial expressions and instrumental behaviours.</a> Food Qual Prefer. 39 (2015), 73-81 (2015).</li><li>Lewinski, P., Fransen, M. L., Tan, E. S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Predicting+advertising+effectiveness+by+facial+expressions+in+response+to+amusing+persuasive+stimuli.">Predicting advertising effectiveness by facial expressions in response to amusing persuasive stimuli.</a> J. Neurosci. Psychol. Econ. 7 (1), 1-14 (2014).</li><li>Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Facial+action+coding+system:+A+technique+for+the+measurement+of+facial+movement.">Facial action coding system: A technique for the measurement of facial movement.</a> , (1978).</li><li>Viola, P., Jones, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+object+detection+using+a+boosted+cascade+of+simple+features.">Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features.</a> Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern. 1, 511-518 (2001).</li><li>Sung, K. K., Poggio, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Example-based+learning+for+view-based+human+face+detection.">Example-based learning for view-based human face detection.</a> IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 20 (1), 39-51 (1998).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> FaceReader 5&#8482; Technical Specifications. , (2014).</li><li>Cootes, T., Taylor, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Statistical models of appearance for computer vision: Technical report. , (2000).</li><li>Bishop, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Neural networks for pattern recognition. , (1995).</li><li>Lewinski, P., den Uyl, T. M., Butler, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+facial+coding:+validation+of+basic+emotions+and+FACS+AUs+in+FaceReader.">Automated facial coding: validation of basic emotions and FACS AUs in FaceReader.</a> J. Neurosci. Psychol. Econ. 7 (4), 227-236 (2014).</li><li>Noldus Information Technology. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> FaceReader Reference Manual Version 6. , (2014).</li><li>Alves, N. T., Fukusima, S. S., Aznar-Casanova, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Models+of+brain+asymmetry+in+emotional+processing.">Models of brain asymmetry in emotional processing.</a> Psychol Neurosci. 1 (1), 63-66 (2008).</li><li>Costello, M., Clark, S., Clark, S., Costello, M., Drake, M., Bodyfelt, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+samples+for+instructing+students+and+staff+in+dairy+products+evaluation+(Appendix+F).">Preparation of samples for instructing students and staff in dairy products evaluation (Appendix F).</a> The sensory evaluation of dairy foods. , 551-560 (2009).</li><li>Porcherot, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=How+do+you+feel+when+you+smell+this?+Optimization+of+a+verbal+measurement+of+odor-elicited+emotions.">How do you feel when you smell this? Optimization of a verbal measurement of odor-elicited emotions.</a> Food Qual Prefer. 21, 938-947 (2010).</li><li>Warrenburg, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+fragrance+on+emotions:+Moods+and+physiology.">Effects of fragrance on emotions: Moods and physiology.</a> Chem. Senses. 30, i248-i249 (2005).</li><li>Bredie, W. L. P., Tan, H. S. G., Wendin, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparative+study+on+facially+expressed+emotions+in+response+to+basic+tastes.">A comparative study on facially expressed emotions in response to basic tastes.</a> Chem. Percept. 7 (1), 1-9 (2014).</li><li>Wendin, K., Allesen-Holm, B. H., Bredie, L. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Do+facial+reactions+add+new+dimensions+to+measuring+sensory+responses+to+basic+tastes?.">Do facial reactions add new dimensions to measuring sensory responses to basic tastes?.</a> Food Qual Prefer. 22, 346-354 (2011).</li><li>Rosenstein, D., Oster, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+facial+responses+to+four+basic+tastes+in+newborns.">Differential facial responses to four basic tastes in newborns.</a> Child Dev. 59 (6), 1555-1568 (1988).</li><li>Rosenstein, D., Oster, H., P, E. k. m. a. n., E, R. o. s. e. n. b. e. r. g. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+facial+responses+to+four+basic+tastes+in+newborns.">Differential facial responses to four basic tastes in newborns.</a> What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the facial action coding system (FACS). , 302-327 (1997).</li><li>Rozin, P., Fallon, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+perspective+on+disgust.">A perspective on disgust.</a> Psychol. Rev. 94 (1), 23-41 (1987).</li><li>Delarue, J., Blumenthal, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temporal+aspects+of+consumer+preferences.">Temporal aspects of consumer preferences.</a> Curr. Opin. Food Sci. 3, 41-46 (2015).</li><li>Sudre, J., Pineau, N., Loret, C., Marin, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+methods+to+monitor+liking+of+food+during+consumption.">Comparison of methods to monitor liking of food during consumption.</a> Food Qual Prefer. 24 (1), 179-189 (2012).</li><li>Weiland, R., Ellgring, H., Macht, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gustofacial+and+olfactofacial+responses+in+human+adults.">Gustofacial and olfactofacial responses in human adults.</a> Chem. Senses. 35 (9), 841-853 (2010).</li><li>Ekman, P., Cole, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Universal+and+cultural+differences+in+facial+expressions+of+emotion.">Universal and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion.</a> Nebraska symposium on motivation. , 207-283 (1971).</li><li>Griemel, E., Macht, M., Krumhuber, E., Ellgring, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Facial+and+affective+reactions+to+tastes+and+their+modulation+by+sadness+and+joy.">Facial and affective reactions to tastes and their modulation by sadness and joy.</a> Physiol Behav. 89 (2), 261-269 (2006).</li></ol>

AFEA application in literature related to food and beverage is very limited1-11. The application to food is new, creating an opportunity for establishing methodology and data interpretation. Arnade (2013)7 found high individual variability among individual emotional response to chocolate milk and white milk using area under the curve analysis and analysis of variance. However, even with participant variability, participants generated a happy response longer while sad and disgusted had shorter time r...

Automated facial expression analysis (AFEA) is a prospective analytical tool for characterizing emotional responses to beverages and foods. Emotional analysis can add an extra dimension to existing sensory science methodologies, food evaluation practices, and hedonic scale ratings typically used both in research and industry settings. Emotional analysis could provide an additional metric that reveals a more accurate response to foods and beverages. Hedonic scoring may include participant bias due to failure to record reactions1.
AFEA research has been used in many research applications including computer gaming, user behavior, education/pedagogy, and psychology studies on empathy and deceit. Most food-associated research has focused on characterizing emotional response to food quality and human behavior with food. With the recent trend in gaining insights into food behaviors, a growing body of literature reports use of AFEA for characterizing the human emotional response associated with foods, beverages, and odorants1-12.
AFEA is derived from the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). The facial action coding system (FACS) discriminates facial movements characterized by action units (AUs) on a 5-point intensity scale13. The FACS approach requires trained review experts, manual coding, significant evaluation time, and provides limited data analysis options. AFEA was developed as a rapid evaluation method to determine emotions. AFEA software relies on facial muscular movement, facial databases, and algorithms to characterize the emotional response14-18. The AFEA software used in this study reached a &#34;FACS index of agreement of 0.67 on average on both the Warsaw Set of Emotional Facial Expression Pictures (WSEFEP) and Amsterdam Dynamic Facial Expression Set (ADFES), which is close to a standard agreement of 0.70 for manual coding&#34;19. Universal emotions included in the analysis are happy (positive), sad (negative), disgusted (negative), surprised (positive or negative), angry (negative), scared (negative) and neutral each on a separate scale of 0 to 1 (0=not expressed; 1=fully expressed)20. In addition, psychology literature includes happy, surprised, and angry as &#34;approach&#34; emotions (toward stimuli) and sad, scared, and disgusted as &#34;withdrawal&#34; emotions (away from aversive stimuli)21.
One limitation of the current AFEA software for characterizing emotions associated with foods is interference from facial movements associated with chewing and swallowing as well as other gross motor motions, such as extreme head movements. The software targets smaller facial muscular motions, relating position and degree of movement, based on over 500 muscle points on the face16,17. Chewing motions interfere with classification of expressions. This limitation may be addressed using liquefied foods. However, other methodology challenges can also decrease video sensitivity and AFEA analysis including data collection environment, technology, researcher instructions, participant behavior, and participant attributes.
A standard methodology has not been developed and verified for optimal video capture and data analysis using AFEA for emotional response to foods and beverages in a sensory evaluation laboratory setting. Many aspects can affect the video capture environment including lighting, shadowing due to lighting, participant directions, participant behavior, participant height, as well as, camera height, camera angling, and equipment settings. Moreover, data analysis methodologies are inconsistent and lack a standard methodology for assessing emotional response. Here, we will demonstrate our standard operating procedure for capturing emotional data and processing data into meaningful results using beverages (flavored milk, unflavored milk and unflavored water) for evaluation. To our knowledge only one peer reviewed publication, from our lab group, has utilized time series for data interpretation for emotions analysis8; however, the method has been updated for our presented method. Our aim is to develop an improved and consistent methodology to help with reproducibility in a sensory evaluation laboratory setting. For demonstration, the objective of the study model is to evaluate if AFEA could supplement traditional hedonic acceptability assessment of flavored milk, unflavored milk and unflavored water. The intention of this video protocol is to help establish AFEA methodology, standardize video capture criteria in a sensory evaluation laboratory (sensory booth setting), and illustrate a method for temporal emotional data analysis of a population.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1087">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">2% Reduced Fat Milk</td>
			<td style="width:436px;">Kroger Brand, Cincinnati, OH or DZA Brands, LLC, Salisbury, NC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">na</td>
			<td style="width:316px;">for solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Drinking Water</td>
			<td>Kroger Brand, Cincinnati, OH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">na</td>
			<td>for solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Imitation Clear Vanilla Flavor</td>
			<td>Kroger Brand, Cincinnati, OH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">na</td>
			<td>for solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Iodized Salt</td>
			<td>Kroger Brand, Cincinnati, OH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">na</td>
			<td>for solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">FaceReader 6</td>
			<td style="width:436px;">Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, The Netherlands</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">na</td>
			<td>For Facial Analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Sensory Information Management System (SIMS) 2000</td>
			<td style="width:436px;">Sensory Computer Systems, Berkeley Heights, NJ</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Version 6</td>
			<td>For Sensory Data Capture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Rhapsody</td>
			<td style="width:436px;">Acuity Brands Lighting, Inc., Conyers, GA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>For Environment Illumination</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">R Version&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:436px;">R Core Team 2015</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3.1.1</td>
			<td>For Statistical Analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Microsoft Office</td>
			<td style="width:436px;">Microsoft</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">na</td>
			<td>For Statistical Analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">JMP</td>
			<td style="width:436px;">Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) Version 9.2, SAS Institute, Cary, NC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">na</td>
			<td>For Statistical Analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Media Recorder 2.5</td>
			<td style="width:436px;">Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, The Netherlands</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">na</td>
			<td>For capturing participants sensory evaluation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Axis M1054 Camera</td>
			<td style="width:436px;">Axis Communications, Lund, Sweden</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">na</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Beverage</td>
			<td style="width:436px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">na</td>
			<td>Beverage or soft food for evaluation</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

protocol for data collection and analysis applied to automated facial expression analysis technology and temporal analysis for sensory evaluation

We demonstrate a method for capturing emotional response to beverages and liquefied foods in a sensory evaluation laboratory using automated facial expression analysis (AFEA) software. Additionally, we demonstrate a method for extracting relevant emotional data output and plotting the emotional response of a population over a specified time frame. By time pairing each participant's treatment response to a control stimulus (baseline), the overall emotional response over time and across multiple participants can be quantified. AFEA is a prospective analytical tool for assessing unbiased response to food and beverages. At present, most research has mainly focused on beverages. Methodologies and analyses have not yet been standardized for the application of AFEA to beverages and foods; however, a consistent standard methodology is needed. Optimizing video capture procedures and resulting video quality aids in a successful collection of emotional response to foods. Furthermore, the methodology of data analysis is novel for extracting the pertinent data relevant to the emotional response. The combinations of video capture optimization and data analysis will aid in standardizing the protocol for automated facial expression analysis and interpretation of emotional response data.

The method proposes a standard protocol for AFEA data collection. If suggested protocol steps are followed, unusable emotional data output (Figure 1) resulting from poor data collection (Figure 2: A; Left Picture) may be limited. Time series analysis cannot be utilized if log files (.txt) predominantly contain &#34;FIT_FAILED&#34; and &#34;FIND_FAILED&#34; as this is bad data (Figure 1). Furthermore, the method includes a protocol for dir...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protocol for Data Collection and Analysis Applied to Automated Facial Expression Analysis Technology and Temporal Analysis for Sensory Evaluation at JoVE.com

Protocol for Data Collection and Analysis Applied to Automated Facial Expression Analysis Technology and Temporal Analysis for Sensory Evaluation

A protocol for capturing and statistically analyzing emotional response of a population to beverages and liquefied foods in a sensory evaluation laboratory using automated facial expression analysis software is described.

We demonstrate a method for capturing emotional response to beverages and liquefied foods in a sensory evaluation laboratory using automated facial ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Contextual and Cued Fear Conditioning Test Using a Video Analyzing System in Mice

The contextual and cued fear conditioning test is one of the behavioral tests that assesses the ability of mice to learn and remember an association ...

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

Adolescence is a critical developmental period where the early symptoms of schizophrenia frequently emerge. First-degree relatives of people with ...

Recording Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalizations to Evaluate Social Communication

Mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations in different contexts throughout development and in adulthood. These vocal signals are now currently used as proxies ...

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

This protocol describes how to conduct temporal-order experiments to measure visual processing speed and the attentional resource distribution. The ...

Automated Analysis of a Nematode Population-based Chemosensory Preference Assay

The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans' compact nervous system of only 302 neurons underlies a diverse repertoire of behaviors. To facilitate the dissection ...

Virtual Reality Experiments with Physiological Measures

Virtual reality (VR) experiments are increasingly employed because of their internal and external validity compared to real-world observation and ...

Biomechanical Analysis Methods to Assess Professional Badminton Players' Lunge Performance

Under the condition of simulating a badminton court in the laboratory, this study used the injury mechanism model to analyze the maximal right lunge ...

Low-cost Protocol of Footprint Analysis and Hanging Box Test for Mice Applied the Chronic Restraint Stress

Gait disturbance is frequently observed in patients with movement disorders. In mouse models used for movement disorders, gait analysis is important ...

Modified Blood Collection from Tail Veins of Non-anesthetized Mice with a Vacuum Blood Collection System and Eyeglass Magnifier

Blood sample collection is the basis of experimental animal research. It is of importance to obtain adequate blood samples for various research purposes. ...

Using Facial Electromyography to Assess Facial Muscle Reactions to Experienced and Observed Affective Touch in Humans

"Affective" touch is believed to be processed in a manner distinct from discriminatory touch and to involve activation of C-tactile (CT) afferent fibers. ...