Name: efficient generation and editing of feeder-free ipscs from human pancreatic cells using the crispr-cas9 system
Uploaded: 2017-11-08T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Efficient Generation and Editing of Feeder-free IPSCs from Human Pancreatic Cells Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System at JoVE.com

Work in the lab was supported by postdoctoral fellowship grant to Dr. Anjali Nandal, and Exploratory grant from Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund to BT (TEDCO).

1. Reprogramming Protocol
<ol>
	<li>Generation of human iPSC from primary human pancreatic cells
	<ol>
		<li>Coat a 6-well plate with 1.5 mg/mL cold collagen and allow it to gel at 37 &#176;C for 1 h.</li>
		<li>Plate early passage human primary pancreatic cells in Prigrow III medium (~1 - 1.5 &#215; 105 cells) on a collagen coated 6-well plate on day -2 to achieve approximately 2.5 &#215; 105 cells or at least 60% confluency per well on the day of transduction (day 0). For the fi...

<ol>
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Reprogramming of human somatic cells to iPSCs has provided a major boost to the fields of basic biology research, personalized medicine, disease modeling, drug development and regenerative medicine16. Many current and widely used methods of human iPSC generation require the use of virus with the risk of integration into the host genome or episomal vectors with low reprogramming efficiency. Here, we present an efficient method for generating feeder-free iPSCs from human pancreatic cells with Sendai...

The reprogramming of human somatic cells to the pluripotent state by overexpression of reprogramming factors has revolutionized stem cell research with applications in disease modeling, regenerative medicine, and drug development. Several non-viral reprogramming methods are available for delivery of reprogramming factors and generating iPSCs, but the process is labor intensive and not very efficient1. The viral methods, though efficient, are associated with problems of virus integration and tumorigenicity2,3,4. In this manuscript, we report the use of cytoplasmic Sendai virus for delivering reprogramming factors and establishing footprint-free iPSC lines that lack integration of any viral vector sequences into their genomes5. Sendai virus is an RNA virus that is diluted out of cell cytoplasm ~10 passages after infection and produces reprogramming factors in abundance, leading to rapid and efficient reprogramming6,7. The established iPSCs can then be readily transitioned to feeder-free medium&#160;to avoid the use of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as feeder cells8.
In this publication, in addition to outlining the Sendai virus mediated reprogramming, we also describe an improved protocol for editing iPSCs, which has the potential to supply unlimited human cells with desired genetic modifications for research. We have used CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the modification of iPSCs, which is now being used for a wide range of applications including knock-ins and knockouts, large-scale genomic deletions, pooled library screening for gene discovery, genetic engineering of numerous model organisms, and gene therapy9,10,11. This technique involves the formation of complexes of Streptococcus pyogenes-derived Cas9 nuclease and 20-mer guide RNAs that achieve target recognition via base-pairing with genomic target sequence adjacent to 3&#39; nucleotide protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence. The Cas9 nuclease induces a double stranded break ~3 nucleotides from the PAM site, which is subsequently repaired predominantly by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway leading to insertions or deletions in the open reading frame, and thereby functional knockout of genes12.
Our improved protocol includes the details for culture of human pancreatic cells, their reprogramming on mitotically inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to achieve higher efficiency of reprogramming, subsequent adaptation to feeder-free culture on Matrigel, characterization of established iPSCs, CRISPR guided RNA design and preparation, delivery into iPSCs as RNP complexes, single cell sorting to generate clonal lines of edited iPSCs, easy screening and identification of edits, and characterization of single cell clones. Genomic deletions were efficiently generated in this study by the introduction of Cas9 protein and two CRISPR sgRNA RNP complexes to induce double stranded breaks (DSBs) and deletion of the intervening segment. This method capitalizes on the use of two guides for generating deletions in the open reading frame, high efficiency of NHEJ leading to low number of clones that need to be characterized, and easy preliminary screening of clones by the automated capillary electrophoresis unit, fragment analyzer. These effective genome editing methods to generate human stem cell-based disease models will soon become a standard and routine approach in any stem cell laboratory. Finally, precise genome editing will make it possible to go beyond stem cell disease modeling and potentially could help catalyze cell-based therapies.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Sendai viral vectors - CytoTune-iPS 2.0 Kit</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A16517</td>
			<td>Thaw on ice; S No: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin EDTA</td>
			<td>Gibco Life Tech</td>
			<td>25300-054</td>
			<td>0.05%, 100 ml; S No: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rock inhibitor (Y-27632)</td>
			<td>Milipore</td>
			<td>SCM075</td>
			<td>Use 10 &#956;M; S No: 3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM/F-12 medium</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11330-032</td>
			<td>S No: 4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Serum replacement (KSR)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10828028</td>
			<td>S No: 5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11960069</td>
			<td>1X; S No: 6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>SH30071.03</td>
			<td>Aliquot; S No: 7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine (Glutamax, 100X), liquid</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>35050061</td>
			<td>1/100; S No: 8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Non-Essential Amino Acids</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11140-050</td>
			<td>1/100; S No: 9</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>21985023</td>
			<td>55 mM, 1/1,000; S No: 10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hausser Hemacytometers</td>
			<td>Hausser Scientific</td>
			<td>02-671-54</td>
			<td>S No: 11</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;0.1% Gelatin Solution</td>
			<td>STEMCELL Technologies</td>
			<td>7903</td>
			<td>Incubate at 37&#186; C for 1 hour; S No: 12</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SSEA-4 antibody</td>
			<td>Santacruz</td>
			<td>sc-21704</td>
			<td>1/100; S No: 13</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRA-1-81 antibody</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling</td>
			<td>4745S</td>
			<td>1/200; S No: 14</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;OCT4 antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>sc-5279</td>
			<td>1/1,000; S No: 15</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagen I, Rat Tail</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A10483-01</td>
			<td>Keep cold; S No: 16</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor fluorescent 488/ 568 (secondary antibodies)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A21202/A10042</td>
			<td>1/2,000; S No: 17</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DPBS</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30028LS</td>
			<td>1X; S No: 18</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100-mm tissue culture dish</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353003</td>
			<td>S No: 20</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well tissue culture plate</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353078</td>
			<td>S No: 21</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-well tissue culture plate</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353046</td>
			<td>S No: 22</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting scope&#160;</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>SMZ745</td>
			<td>S No: 23</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Picking hood</td>
			<td>NuAire</td>
			<td>NU-301</td>
			<td>S No: 24</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15&#160;ml Centrifuge Tube</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>188271</td>
			<td>S No: 25</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50&#160;ml Centrifuge Tube</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>227261</td>
			<td>S No: 26</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium pyruvate</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11360</td>
			<td>S No: 28</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#946;-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M7522</td>
			<td>S No: 29</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Prigrow III medium</td>
			<td>ABM</td>
			<td>TM003</td>
			<td>S No: 31</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Countess&#8482; Cell Counter</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>C10227</td>
			<td>S No: 32</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Faxitron X-ray system</td>
			<td>Faxitron</td>
			<td>CellRad</td>
			<td>S No: 33</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Accutase</td>
			<td>Innovative cell Technologies</td>
			<td>AT-104</td>
			<td>S No: 34</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>17104019</td>
			<td>1mg/ml stock; S No: 35</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dispase</td>
			<td>STEMCELL Technologies</td>
			<td>7923</td>
			<td>S No: 36</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>hESC qualified matrigel</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>354277</td>
			<td>To dilute, use cold DMEM/F-12; S No: 37</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>bFGF</td>
			<td>R &#38; D</td>
			<td>233-FB</td>
			<td>Stock 10 ug/ml; S No: 38</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>EMS</td>
			<td>15710</td>
			<td>4% stock in PBS; S No: 39</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRA-1-60</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>sc-21705</td>
			<td>1/100; S No: 40</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NANOG</td>
			<td>ReproCELL</td>
			<td>RCAB0004P-F</td>
			<td>1/100; S No: 41</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween 20</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P9416-100ML</td>
			<td>S No: 42</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline Phosphatase kit</td>
			<td>Stemgent</td>
			<td>00-0055</td>
			<td>S No: 43</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cas9 protein</td>
			<td>PNA Bio</td>
			<td>CP01-50</td>
			<td>Thaw and aliquot; S No: 44</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat or donkey serum</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D9663/G9023</td>
			<td>S No: 45</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>X100-100ML</td>
			<td>S No: 46</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAPI</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
			<td>S No: 47</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>9285-100ML</td>
			<td>S No: 48</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCL</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S7653-250G</td>
			<td>S No: 49</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>BP2482-500</td>
			<td>S No: 50</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T4 DNA ligase</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>M0202T</td>
			<td>S No: 51</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mega Shortscript T7 kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>AM1354</td>
			<td>S No: 52</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mega Clear kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>AM1908</td>
			<td>S No: 53</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SMC4</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>354357</td>
			<td>S No: 54</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibronectin</td>
			<td>STEMCELL Technologies</td>
			<td>7159</td>
			<td>S No: 55</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CloneJET cloning kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>K1232</td>
			<td>S No: 56</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fragment analyzerTM</td>
			<td>Advanced Analytical</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>S No: 57</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mTeSR1 medium kit</td>
			<td>STEMCELL Technologies</td>
			<td>5850</td>
			<td>Warm to room temperature; S No: 58</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Freezing medium mFreSR&#8482;</td>
			<td>STEMCELL Technologies</td>
			<td>5855</td>
			<td>S No: 59</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Freezing medium CryoStor&#174;</td>
			<td>STEMCELL Technologies</td>
			<td>7930</td>
			<td>S No: 60</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MEFs</td>
			<td>Globalstem</td>
			<td>GSC-6301G</td>
			<td>S No: 61</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25030081</td>
			<td>S No: 62</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human pancreatic cells</td>
			<td>ABM</td>
			<td>T0159</td>
			<td>S No: 63</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>STEMdiff&#8482; Neural Induction Medium</td>
			<td>Stemcell Technologies</td>
			<td>5835</td>
			<td>S No: 64</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI</td>
			<td>Thermofisher</td>
			<td>11875-093</td>
			<td>S No: 65</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2% B27-insulin</td>
			<td>Thermofisher</td>
			<td>A1895601</td>
			<td>S No: 66</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CHIR99021</td>
			<td>Stemcell Technologies</td>
			<td>72052</td>
			<td>S No: 67</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IWP4</td>
			<td>Stemcell Technologies</td>
			<td>72552</td>
			<td>S No: 68</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2% B27</td>
			<td>Thermofisher</td>
			<td>17504044</td>
			<td>S No: 69</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MCDB 131</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10372019</td>
			<td>S No: 70</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S8761-100ML</td>
			<td>S No: 71</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G8270-100G</td>
			<td>S No: 72</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA</td>
			<td>Proliant</td>
			<td>68700</td>
			<td>S No: 73</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GDF8</td>
			<td>Pepro-Tech</td>
			<td>120-00</td>
			<td>S No: 74</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TUJ1 antibody</td>
			<td>EMD Milipore</td>
			<td>AB9354</td>
			<td>S No: 75</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NKX2-5 antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>Sc-14033</td>
			<td>S No: 76</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SOX17 antibody</td>
			<td>R &#38; D systems</td>
			<td>AF1924</td>
			<td>S No: 77</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propidium iodide</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>P3566</td>
			<td>S No: 78</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amaxa 4D-nucleofector&#8482;</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>AAF-1002</td>
			<td>S No: 79</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FACSAria II (cell sorter)</td>
			<td>BD biosciences</td>
			<td>SORP UV</td>
			<td>S No: 80</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

efficient generation and editing of feeder-free ipscs from human pancreatic cells using the crispr-cas9 system

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells can self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types of the body. The pluripotent cells are thus coveted for research in regenerative medicine and are currently in clinical trials for eye diseases, diabetes, heart diseases, and other disorders. The potential to differentiate into specialized cell types coupled with the recent advances in genome editing technologies including the CRISPR/Cas system have provided additional opportunities for tailoring the genome of iPSC for varied applications including disease modeling, gene therapy, and biasing pathways of differentiation, to name a few. Among the available editing technologies, the CRISPR/Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes has emerged as a tool of choice for site-specific editing of the eukaryotic genome. The CRISPRs are easily accessible, inexpensive, and highly efficient in engineering targeted edits. The system requires a Cas9 nuclease and a guide sequence (20-mer) specific to the genomic target abutting a 3-nucleotide &#34;NGG&#34; protospacer-adjacent-motif (PAM) for targeting Cas9 to the desired genomic locus, alongside a universal Cas9 binding tracer RNA (together called single guide RNA or sgRNA). Here we present a step-by-step protocol for efficient generation of feeder-independent and footprint-free iPSC and describe methodologies for genome editing of iPSC using the Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. The genome editing protocol is effective and can be easily multiplexed by pre-complexing sgRNAs for more than one target with the Cas9 protein and simultaneously delivering into the cells. Finally, we describe a simplified approach for identification and characterization of iPSCs with desired edits. Taken together, the outlined strategies are expected to streamline generation and editing of iPSC for manifold applications.

In this publication, we have followed a simple but efficient protocol for the generation of iPSC from human pancreatic cells using integration or footprint-free Sendai virus vectors. Figure 1A shows a schematic representation of this reprogramming protocol. The human pancreatic cells were purchased commercially, cultured in Prigrow III medium and transduced with Sendai virus as explained above. Transduced spindle shaped pancreatic cells did not show any morph...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Efficient Generation and Editing of Feeder-free IPSCs from Human Pancreatic Cells Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System at JoVE.com

Efficient Generation and Editing of Feeder-free IPSCs from Human Pancreatic Cells Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System

This protocol describes in detail the generation of footprint-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human pancreatic cells in feeder-free conditions, followed by editing using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins and characterization of the modified single-cell clones.

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells can self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types of the body. The pluripotent cells are thus coveted ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

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More than 32,000 patients are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the United States per year and the disease is associated with very high mortality 1. ...

Development, Expansion, and In vivo Monitoring of Human NK Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)

Development, Expansion, and In vivo Monitoring of Human NK Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells hESCs and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs

We present a method for deriving natural killer (NK) cells from undifferentiated hESCs and iPSCs using a feeder-free approach. This method gives rise to ...

Generation of ESC-derived Mouse Airway Epithelial Cells Using Decellularized Lung Scaffolds

Lung lineage differentiation requires integration of complex environmental cues that include growth factor signaling, cell-cell interactions and ...

Production of Genetically Engineered Golden Syrian Hamsters by Pronuclear Injection of the CRISPR/Cas9 Complex

The pronuclear (PN) injection technique was first established in mice to introduce foreign genetic materials into the pronuclei of one-cell stage embryos. ...

Microinjection of Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, Embryos for Germline Transformation, or CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

Microinjection of Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, Embryos for Germline Transformation, or CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

The western corn rootworm (WCR) is an important pest of corn and is well known for its ability to rapidly adapt to pest management strategies. Although ...

Generation of Cationic Nanoliposomes for the Efficient Delivery of In Vitro Transcribed Messenger RNA

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The development of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics for the treatment of various diseases becomes more and more important because of the positive ...

Purification and Analytics of a Monoclonal Antibody from Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Using an Automated Microbioreactor System

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of the most popular and well-characterized biological products manufactured today. Most commonly produced using ...

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could be considered, to date, a promising source of pluripotent cells for the management of currently untreatable ...

Scalable Generation of Mature Cerebellar Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Characterization by Immunostaining

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