Name: deep proteome profiling by isobaric labeling, extensive liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and software-assisted quantification
Uploaded: 2017-11-15T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Deep Proteome Profiling by Isobaric Labeling, Extensive Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, and Software-assisted Quantification at JoVE.com

The authors thank all other lab and facility members for helpful discussion. This work was partially supported by NI H grants R01GM114260, R01AG047928, R01AG053987, and ALSAC. The MS analysis was performed in the St. Jude Children&#39;s Research Hospital Proteomics Facility, partially supported by NIH Cancer Center Support grant P30CA021765. The authors thank Nisha Badders for help with editing the manuscript.

CAUTION: Please consult all relevant safety data sheets (i.e., MSDS) before use. Please use all appropriate safety practices when performing this protocol.
NOTE: A TMT 10-plex isobaric label reagent set is used in this protocol for the proteome quantitation of 10 samples.
1. Preparation of Cells/Tissues
NOTE: It is critical to collect samples in minimal time at low temperature to keep proteins in their original biological state.</p...

<ol>
	<li>Pagala, V. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+protein+analysis+by+mass+spectrometry.">Quantitative protein analysis by mass spectrometry.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1278, 281-305 (2015).</li><li>Altelaar, A. F., Munoz, J., Heck, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Next-generation+proteomics:+towards+an+integrative+view+of+proteome+dynamics.">Next-generation proteomics: towards an integrative view of proteome dynamics.</a> Nat Rev Genet. 14 (1), 35-48 (2013).</li><li>Rauniyar, N., Yates, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isobaric+labeling-based+relative+quantification+in+shotgun+proteomics.">Isobaric labeling-based relative quantification in shotgun proteomics.</a> J Proteome Res. 13 (12), 5293-5309 (2014).</li><li>Ross, P. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiplexed+protein+quantitation+in+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+using+amine-reactive+isobaric+tagging+reagents.">Multiplexed protein quantitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using amine-reactive isobaric tagging reagents.</a> Mol Cell Proteomics. 3 (12), 1154-1169 (2004).</li><li>Aebersold, R., Mann, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mass-spectrometric+exploration+of+proteome+structure+and+function.">Mass-spectrometric exploration of proteome structure and function.</a> Nature. 537 (7620), 347-355 (2016).</li><li>Bai, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deep+Profiling+of+Proteome+and+Phosphoproteome+by+Isobaric+Labeling.">Deep Profiling of Proteome and Phosphoproteome by Isobaric Labeling.</a> Extensive Liquid Chromatography, and Mass Spectrometry. Methods Enzymol. 585, 377-395 (2017).</li><li>McAlister, G. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increasing+the+multiplexing+capacity+of+TMTs+using+reporter+ion+isotopologues+with+isobaric+masses.">Increasing the multiplexing capacity of TMTs using reporter ion isotopologues with isobaric masses.</a> Anal Chem. 84 (17), 7469-7478 (2012).</li><li>Everley, R. A., Kunz, R. C., McAllister, F. E., Gygi, S. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increasing+throughput+in+targeted+proteomics+assays:+54-plex+quantitation+in+a+single+mass+spectrometry+run.">Increasing throughput in targeted proteomics assays: 54-plex quantitation in a single mass spectrometry run.</a> Anal Chem. 85 (11), 5340-5346 (2013).</li><li>Bai, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integrated+approaches+for+analyzing+U1-70K+cleavage+in+Alzheimer's+disease.">Integrated approaches for analyzing U1-70K cleavage in Alzheimer's disease.</a> J Proteome Res. 13 (11), 4526-4534 (2014).</li><li>Bai, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=U1+small+nuclear+ribonucleoprotein+complex+and+RNA+splicing+alterations+in+Alzheimer's+disease.">U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex and RNA splicing alterations in Alzheimer's disease.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110 (41), 16562-16567 (2013).</li><li>Thongboonkerd, V., LaBaer, J., Domont, G. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+advances+of+proteomics+applied+to+human+diseases.">Recent advances of proteomics applied to human diseases.</a> J Proteome Res. 13 (11), 4493-4496 (2014).</li><li>Churchman, M. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficacy+of+Retinoids+in+IKZF1-Mutated+BCR-ABL1+Acute+Lymphoblastic+Leukemia.">Efficacy of Retinoids in IKZF1-Mutated BCR-ABL1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.</a> Cancer Cell. 28 (3), 343-356 (2015).</li><li>Wang, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Joint+mouse-human+phenome-wide+association+to+test+gene+function+and+disease+risk.">Joint mouse-human phenome-wide association to test gene function and disease risk.</a> Nat Commun. 7, 10464 (2016).</li><li>Mertz, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequential+elution+interactome+analysis+of+the+Mind+bomb+1+ubiquitin+ligase+reveals+a+novel+role+in+dendritic+spine+outgrowth.">Sequential elution interactome analysis of the Mind bomb 1 ubiquitin ligase reveals a novel role in dendritic spine outgrowth.</a> Mol Cell Proteomics. 14 (7), 1898-1910 (2015).</li><li>Yang, F., Shen, Y., Camp, D. G., Smith, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-pH+reversed-phase+chromatography+with+fraction+concatenation+for+2D+proteomic+analysis.">High-pH reversed-phase chromatography with fraction concatenation for 2D proteomic analysis.</a> Expert Rev Proteomics. 9 (2), 129-134 (2012).</li><li>Wang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+off-line+high+pH+reversed-phase+fractionation+and+nano-liquid+chromatography-mass+spectrometry+method+for+global+proteomic+profiling+of+cell+lines.">An off-line high pH reversed-phase fractionation and nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for global proteomic profiling of cell lines.</a> J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 974, 90-95 (2015).</li><li>Batth, T. S., Francavilla, C., Olsen, J. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Off-line+high-pH+reversed-phase+fractionation+for+in-depth+phosphoproteomics.">Off-line high-pH reversed-phase fractionation for in-depth phosphoproteomics.</a> J Proteome Res. 13 (12), 6176-6186 (2014).</li><li>Song, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reversed-phase-reversed-phase+liquid+chromatography+approach+with+high+orthogonality+for+multidimensional+separation+of+phosphopeptides.">Reversed-phase-reversed-phase liquid chromatography approach with high orthogonality for multidimensional separation of phosphopeptides.</a> Anal Chem. 82 (1), 53-56 (2010).</li><li>Wang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+optimization+of+long+gradient+chromatography+mass+spectrometry+for+deep+analysis+of+brain+proteome.">Systematic optimization of long gradient chromatography mass spectrometry for deep analysis of brain proteome.</a> J Proteome Res. 14 (2), 829-838 (2015).</li><li>Hebert, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+one+hour+yeast+proteome.">The one hour yeast proteome.</a> Mol Cell Proteomics. 13 (1), 339-347 (2014).</li><li>Wang, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=JUMP:+a+tag-based+database+search+tool+for+peptide+identification+with+high+sensitivity+and+accuracy.">JUMP: a tag-based database search tool for peptide identification with high sensitivity and accuracy.</a> Mol Cell Proteomics. 13 (12), 3663-3673 (2014).</li><li>Xu, P., Duong, D. M., Peng, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematical+optimization+of+reverse-phase+chromatography+for+shotgun+proteomics.">Systematical optimization of reverse-phase chromatography for shotgun proteomics.</a> J Proteome Res. 8 (8), 3944-3950 (2009).</li><li>Niu, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extensive+Peptide+Fractionation+and+y1+Ion-Based+Interference+Detection+Method+for+Enabling+Accurate+Quantification+by+Isobaric+Labeling+and+Mass+Spectrometry.">Extensive Peptide Fractionation and y1 Ion-Based Interference Detection Method for Enabling Accurate Quantification by Isobaric Labeling and Mass Spectrometry.</a> Anal Chem. 89 (5), 2956-2963 (2017).</li><li>Ting, L., Rad, R., Gygi, S. P., Haas, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MS3+eliminates+ratio+distortion+in+isobaric+multiplexed+quantitative+proteomics.">MS3 eliminates ratio distortion in isobaric multiplexed quantitative proteomics.</a> Nat Methods. 8 (11), 937-940 (2011).</li><li>Savitski, M. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Delayed+fragmentation+and+optimized+isolation+width+settings+for+improvement+of+protein+identification+and+accuracy+of+isobaric+mass+tag+quantification+on+Orbitrap-type+mass+spectrometers.">Delayed fragmentation and optimized isolation width settings for improvement of protein identification and accuracy of isobaric mass tag quantification on Orbitrap-type mass spectrometers.</a> Anal Chem. 83 (23), 8959-8967 (2011).</li><li>Wenger, C. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gas-phase+purification+enables+accurate,+multiplexed+proteome+quantification+with+isobaric+tagging.">Gas-phase purification enables accurate, multiplexed proteome quantification with isobaric tagging.</a> Nat Methods. 8 (11), 933-935 (2011).</li><li>McAlister, G. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MultiNotch+MS3+enables+accurate,+sensitive,+and+multiplexed+detection+of+differential+expression+across+cancer+cell+line+proteomes.">MultiNotch MS3 enables accurate, sensitive, and multiplexed detection of differential expression across cancer cell line proteomes.</a> Anal Chem. 86 (14), 7150-7158 (2014).</li><li>Zhou, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome-scale+proteome+quantification+by+DEEP+SEQ+mass+spectrometry.">Genome-scale proteome quantification by DEEP SEQ mass spectrometry.</a> Nat Commun. 4, 2171 (2013).</li><li>Savitski, M. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Delayed+fragmentation+and+optimized+isolation+width+settings+for+improvement+of+protein+identification+and+accuracy+of+isobaric+mass+tag+quantification+on+Orbitrap-type+mass+spectrometers.">Delayed fragmentation and optimized isolation width settings for improvement of protein identification and accuracy of isobaric mass tag quantification on Orbitrap-type mass spectrometers.</a> Anal. Chem. 83 (23), 8959-8967 (2011).</li><li>Ahrne, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+and+Improvement+of+Quantification+Accuracy+in+Isobaric+Mass+Tag-Based+Protein+Quantification+Experiments.">Evaluation and Improvement of Quantification Accuracy in Isobaric Mass Tag-Based Protein Quantification Experiments.</a> J Proteome Res. 15 (8), 2537-2547 (2016).</li><li>Xu, P., Duong, D. M., Peng, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematical+Optimization+of+Reverse-Phase+Chromatography+for+Shotgun+Proteomics.">Systematical Optimization of Reverse-Phase Chromatography for Shotgun Proteomics.</a> J Proteome Res. 8 (8), 3944-3950 (2009).</li><li>Tan, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integrative+Proteomics+and+Phosphoproteomics+Profiling+Reveals+Dynamic+Signaling+Networks+and+Bioenergetics+Pathways+Underlying+T+Cell+Activation.">Integrative Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics Profiling Reveals Dynamic Signaling Networks and Bioenergetics Pathways Underlying T Cell Activation.</a> Immunity. 46 (3), 488-503 (2017).</li><li>Wu, Z., Na, C. H., Tan, H., Peng, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+ubiquitination+analysis+by+SILAC+in+mammalian+cells.">Global ubiquitination analysis by SILAC in mammalian cells.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1188, 149-160 (2014).</li><li>Tan, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Refined+phosphopeptide+enrichment+by+phosphate+additive+and+the+analysis+of+human+brain+phosphoproteome.">Refined phosphopeptide enrichment by phosphate additive and the analysis of human brain phosphoproteome.</a> Proteomics. 15 (2-3), 500-507 (2015).</li><li>Li, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=JUMPg:+an+Integrative+Proteogenomics+Pipeline+Identifying+Unannotated+Proteins+in+Human+Brain+and+Cancer+Cells.">JUMPg: an Integrative Proteogenomics Pipeline Identifying Unannotated Proteins in Human Brain and Cancer Cells.</a> J Proteome Res. 17 (7), 2309-2320 (2016).</li><li>Yuan, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+the+clinical+utility+of+cancer+genomic+and+proteomic+data+across+tumor+types.">Assessing the clinical utility of cancer genomic and proteomic data across tumor types.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 32 (7), 644-652 (2014).</li><li>Nesvizhskii, A. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proteogenomics:+concepts,+applications+and+computational+strategies.">Proteogenomics: concepts, applications and computational strategies.</a> Nat Methods. 11 (11), 1114-1125 (2014).</li><li>Fagerberg, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+the+human+tissue-specific+expression+by+genome-wide+integration+of+transcriptomics+and+antibody-based+proteomics.">Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics.</a> Mol Cell Proteomics. 13 (2), 397-406 (2014).</li></ol>

We describe a high-throughput protocol for the quantitation of proteins with a 10-plex isobaric labeling strategy, which has been implemented successfully in several publications12,13,14,32. In this protocol, we can analyze up to 10 different biological protein samples in 1 experiment. We can routinely identify and quantitate well over 10,000 proteins with high confidence. Although isobaric lab...

Advances in next-generation sequencing technology have led to a new landscape for studying biological systems and human disease. This has permitted a large number of measurements of the genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and other molecular systems to become tangible. Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most sensitive methods in analytical chemistry, and its application in proteomics has rapidly expanded after the sequencing of the human genome. In the proteomics field, the past few years have yielded major technical advances in MS-based quantitative analyses, including isobaric labeling and multiplexing capability combined with extensive liquid chromatography, in addition to instrumentation advances, allowing for faster, more accurate measurements with less sample material required. Quantitative proteomics have become a mainstream approach for profiling tens of thousands of proteins and posttranslational modifications in highly complex biological samples1,2,3,4,5,6.
Multiplexed isobaric labeling methods such as isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (i.e., iTRAQ) and tandem mass tag (TMT) MS have greatly improved sample throughput and increased the number of samples that can be analyzed in a single experiment1,6,7,8. Along with other MS-based quantitation methods, such as label-free quantitation and stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (i.e., SILAC), the potential of these techniques in the proteomics field is considerable9,10,11. For example, the TMT method permits 10 protein samples to be analyzed together in 1 experiment by using 10-plex reagents. These structurally identical TMT tags have the same overall mass, but heavy isotopes are differentially distributed on carbon or nitrogen atoms, resulting in a unique reporter ion during MS/MS fragmentation of each tag, thereby enabling relative quantitation between the 10 samples. The TMT strategy is routinely applied to study biological pathways, disease progression, and cellular processes12,13,14.
Substantial technical improvements have enhanced liquid chromatography (LC) &#8211;MS/MS systems, both in terms of LC separations and MS parameters, to maximize protein identification without sacrificing quantitation accuracy. First-dimension separation of peptides by a separation technique with high orthogonality to the second dimension is critical in this type of shotgun proteomics method to achieve maximum results20. High-pH reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) provides better performance than does conventional strong cation-exchange chromatography20. When high-pH RPLC is combined with a second dimension of low-pH RPLC, both analytical dynamic range and protein coverage are improved, resulting in the ability to identify the bulk of expressed proteins when performing whole-proteome analyses15,16,17,18. Other technical advances include small C18 particles (1.9 &#181;m) and extended long column (~1 m)19. Furthermore, other notable improvements include new versions of mass spectrometers with rapid scan rates, improved sensitivity and resolution20, and sophisticated bioinformatics pipelines for MS data mining21.
Here, we describe a detailed protocol that incorporates the most recent methodologies with modifications to improve both sensitivity and throughput, while focusing on quality control mechanisms throughout the experiment. The protocol includes protein extraction and digestion, TMT 10-plex labeling, basic pH and acid pH RPLC fractionation, high-resolution MS detection, and MS data processing (Figure 1). Moreover, we implement several quality control steps for troubleshooting and evaluating experimental variation. This detailed protocol is intended to help researchers new to the field routinely identify and accurately quantitate thousands of proteins from a lysate or tissue.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1220 LC system</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>G4288B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50% Hydroxylamine</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>90115</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetonitrile</td>
			<td>Burdick &#38; Jackson</td>
			<td>AH015-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bullet Blender</td>
			<td>Next Advance</td>
			<td>BB24-AU</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Butterfly Portfolio Heater</td>
			<td>Phoenix S&#38;T</td>
			<td>PST-BPH-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C18 tips</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>74-4607</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dithiothreitol (DTT)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D5545</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMSO</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>41648</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>94318</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fraction Collector</td>
			<td>Gilson</td>
			<td>FC203B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Beads</td>
			<td>Next Advance</td>
			<td>GB05</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H3375</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iodoacetamide (IAA)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>I6125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lys-C</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>125-05061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>Burdick &#38; Jackson</td>
			<td>AH230-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pierce BCA Protein Assay kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>23225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mass Spectrometer</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>Q Exactive HF</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>nanoflow UPLC</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>Ultimate 3000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ReproSil-Pur C18 resin, 1.9um</td>
			<td>Dr. Maisch GmbH</td>
			<td>r119.aq.0003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Self Pck Columns</td>
			<td>New Objective</td>
			<td>PF360-75-15-N-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium deoxycholate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>30970</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Speedva</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>SPD11V</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TMT 10plex Isobaric label reagent</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>90110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)</td>
			<td>Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td>400003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>V511C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Urea</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>U5378</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xbridge Column C18 column</td>
			<td>Waters</td>
			<td>186003943</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ziptips C18</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>ZTC18S096</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SepPak 1cc 50mg</td>
			<td>Waters</td>
			<td>WAT054960</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

deep proteome profiling by isobaric labeling, extensive liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and software-assisted quantification

Many exceptional advances have been made in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, with particular technical progress in liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and isobaric labeling multiplexing capacity. Here, we introduce a deep-proteomics profiling protocol that combines 10-plex tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling with an extensive LC/LC-MS/MS platform, and post-MS computational interference correction to accurately quantitate whole proteomes. This protocol includes the following main steps: protein extraction and digestion, TMT labeling, 2-dimensional (2D) LC, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and computational data processing. Quality control steps are included for troubleshooting and evaluating experimental variation. More than 10,000 proteins in mammalian samples can be confidently quantitated with this protocol. This protocol can also be applied to the quantitation of post translational modifications with minor changes. This multiplexed, robust method provides a powerful tool for proteomic analysis in a variety of complex samples, including cell culture, animal tissues, and human clinical specimens.

We used a previously described cross-species peptide mix to systematically analyze the effect of ratio compression in 3 major protocol steps, including pre-MS fractionation, MS settings, and post-MS correction23. The pre-MS fractionation was evaluated and optimized by using a combination of basic pH RPLC and acidic pH RPLC. For post-MS analysis, only species-specific peptides were considered. We used this interference model to examine a number of parameters in LC/L...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Deep Proteome Profiling by Isobaric Labeling, Extensive Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, and Software-assisted Quantification at JoVE.com

Deep Proteome Profiling by Isobaric Labeling, Extensive Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, and Software-assisted Quantification

We present a protocol to accurately quantitate proteins with isobaric labelling, extensive fractionation, bioinformatics tools, and quality control steps in combination with liquid chromatography interfaced to a high-resolution mass spectrometer.

Many exceptional advances have been made in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, with particular technical progress in liquid chromatography (LC) ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Sheathless Capillary Electrophoresis&#8211;Mass Spectrometry for Metabolic Profiling of Biological Samples

Sheathless Capillary ElectrophoresisÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œMass Spectrometry for Metabolic Profiling of Biological Samples

In metabolomics, a wide range of analytical techniques is used for the global profiling of (endogenous) metabolites in complex samples. In this paper, a ...

Time-resolved ElectroSpray Ionization Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry for Studying Protein Structure and Dynamics

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have long been a challenge to structural biologists due to their lack of stable secondary structure elements. ...

Resolving Affinity Purified Protein Complexes by Blue Native PAGE and Protein Correlation Profiling

Most proteins act in association with others; hence, it is crucial to characterize these functional units in order to fully understand biological ...

A Tandem Liquid Chromatography&#8211;Mass Spectrometry-based Approach for Metabolite Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus

A Tandem Liquid ChromatographyÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œMass Spectrometry-based Approach for Metabolite Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus

In an effort to thwart bacterial pathogens, hosts often limit the availability of nutrients at the site of infection. This limitation can alter the ...

Detection of Protein Ubiquitination Sites by Peptide Enrichment and Mass Spectrometry

The posttranslational modification of proteins by the small protein ubiquitin is involved in many cellular events. After tryptic digestion of ...

Proteome-wide Quantification of Labeling Homogeneity at the Single Molecule Level

Cell proteomes are often characterized using electrophoresis assays, where all species of proteins in the cells are non-specifically labeled with a ...

Nitropeptide Profiling and Identification Illustrated by Angiotensin II

Protein nitration is one of the most important post-translational modifications (PTM) on tyrosine residues and it can be induced by chemical actions of ...

Absolute Quantification of Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Metabolism by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is an emerging technology in systems and synthetic biology for the in vitro production of proteins. However, if CFPS is ...

Label-Free Immunoprecipitation Mass Spectrometry Workflow for Large-scale Nuclear Interactome Profiling

Immunoaffinity purification mass spectrometry (IP-MS) has emerged as a robust quantitative method of identifying protein-protein interactions. This ...

Quantitative Analysis of the Cellular Lipidome of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Quantitative Analysis of the Cellular Lipidome of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Lipids are structurally diverse amphipathic molecules that are insoluble in water. Lipids are essential contributors to the organization and function of ...