Name: microdissection of primary renal tissue segments and incorporation with novel scaffold-free construct technology
Uploaded: 2018-03-27T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microdissection of Primary Renal Tissue Segments and Incorporation with Novel Scaffold-free Construct Technology at JoVE.com

NIH Institutional Postdoctoral Training Grant, NIH-HL-007260

All animal surgical procedures described below were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the Medical University of South Carolina prior to any animal surgeries or use of any animal tissues.
1. Murine Nephrectomy
<ol>
	<li>Don a surgical mask and bouffant cap to minimize the risk of contamination. Maintain sterility during set-up of the&#160;surgical area.
	<ol>
		<li>Place non-fenestrated surgical drapes on the operating table.</li>
		<li>Open the pack of au...

<ol>
	<li>Jha, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+kidney+disease:+global+dimension+and+perspectives.">Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives.</a> Lancet. 382 (9888), 260-272 (2013).</li><li>2016 USRDS Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States. U.S.R.D Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.usrds.org/2016/download/v2_ESRD_16.pdf">https://www.usrds.org/2016/download/v2_ESRD_16.pdf</a> (2016)</li><li>Hart, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=OPTN/SRTR+2015+Annual+Data+Report:+Kidney.">OPTN/SRTR 2015 Annual Data Report: Kidney.</a> American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons. 17, 21-116 (2017).</li><li>de Vries, E. F., Rabelink, T. J., van den Hout, W. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modelling+the+Cost-Effectiveness+of+Delaying+End-Stage+Renal+Disease.">Modelling the Cost-Effectiveness of Delaying End-Stage Renal Disease.</a> Nephron. 133 (2), 89-97 (2016).</li><li>Lefebvre, P., Duh, M. S., Mody, S. H., Bookhart, B., Piech, C. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+economic+impact+of+epoetin+alfa+therapy+on+delaying+time+to+dialysis+in+elderly+patients+with+chronic+kidney+disease.">The economic impact of epoetin alfa therapy on delaying time to dialysis in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease.</a> Disease management : DM. 10 (1), 37-45 (2007).</li><li>Mennini, F. S., Russo, S., Marcellusi, A., Quintaliani, G., Fouque, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Economic+effects+of+treatment+of+chronic+kidney+disease+with+low-protein+diet.">Economic effects of treatment of chronic kidney disease with low-protein diet.</a> Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation. 24 (5), 313-321 (2014).</li><li>Moon, K. H., Ko, I. K., Yoo, J. J., Atala, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kidney+diseases+and+tissue+engineering.">Kidney diseases and tissue engineering.</a> Methods. 99, 112-119 (2016).</li><li>Wobma, H., Vunjak-Novakovic, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+Engineering+and+Regenerative+Medicine+2015:+A+Year+in+Review.">Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 2015: A Year in Review.</a> Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews. 22 (2), 101-113 (2016).</li><li>Langer, R., Vacanti, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+tissue+engineering.">Advances in tissue engineering.</a> Journal of pediatric surgery. 51 (1), 8-12 (2016).</li><li>Jakab, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+engineering+by+self-assembly+and+bio-printing+of+living+cells.">Tissue engineering by self-assembly and bio-printing of living cells.</a> Biofabrication. 2 (2), 022001 (2010).</li><li>Fisher, M. B., Mauck, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+engineering+and+regenerative+medicine:+recent+innovations+and+the+transition+to+translation.">Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: recent innovations and the transition to translation.</a> Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews. 19 (1), 1-13 (2013).</li><li>Stewart, D. E., Garcia, V. C., Rosendale, J. D., Klassen, D. K., Carrico, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diagnosing+the+Decades-Long+Rise+in+the+Deceased+Donor+Kidney+Discard+Rate+in+the+United+States.">Diagnosing the Decades-Long Rise in the Deceased Donor Kidney Discard Rate in the United States.</a> Transplantation. 101 (3), 575-587 (2017).</li><li>Mohan, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+weekend+effect+alters+the+procurement+and+discard+rates+of+deceased+donor+kidneys+in+the+United+States.">The weekend effect alters the procurement and discard rates of deceased donor kidneys in the United States.</a> Kidney international. 90 (1), 157-163 (2016).</li><li>Orlando, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Discarded+human+kidneys+as+a+source+of+ECM+scaffold+for+kidney+regeneration+technologies.">Discarded human kidneys as a source of ECM scaffold for kidney regeneration technologies.</a> Biomaterials. 34 (24), 5915-5925 (2013).</li><li>Katari, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Renal+bioengineering+with+scaffolds+generated+from+human+kidneys.">Renal bioengineering with scaffolds generated from human kidneys.</a> Nephron. Experimental nephrology. 126 (2), 119 (2014).</li><li>Kim, S. S., Park, H. J., Han, J., Choi, C. Y., Kim, B. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Renal+tissue+reconstitution+by+the+implantation+of+renal+segments+on+biodegradable+polymer+scaffolds.">Renal tissue reconstitution by the implantation of renal segments on biodegradable polymer scaffolds.</a> Biotechnology letters. 25 (18), 1505-1508 (2003).</li><li>Guimaraes-Souza, N. K., Yamaleyeva, L. M., AbouShwareb, T., Atala, A., Yoo, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+reconstitution+of+human+kidney+structures+for+renal+cell+therapy.">In vitro reconstitution of human kidney structures for renal cell therapy.</a> Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 27 (8), 3082-3090 (2012).</li><li>Kelley, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tubular+cell-enriched+subpopulation+of+primary+renal+cells+improves+survival+and+augments+kidney+function+in+rodent+model+of+chronic+kidney+disease.">Tubular cell-enriched subpopulation of primary renal cells improves survival and augments kidney function in rodent model of chronic kidney disease.</a> American journal of physiology. Renal physiology. 299 (5), 1026-1039 (2010).</li><li>Czajka, C. A., Drake, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Self-assembly+of+prevascular+tissues+from+endothelial+and+fibroblast+cells+under+scaffold-free,+nonadherent+conditions.">Self-assembly of prevascular tissues from endothelial and fibroblast cells under scaffold-free, nonadherent conditions.</a> Tissue engineering. Part A. 21 (1-2), 277-287 (2015).</li><li>Rhett, J. M., Wang, H., Bainbridge, H., Song, L., Yost, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Connexin-Based+Therapeutics+and+Tissue+Engineering+Approaches+to+the+Amelioration+of+Chronic+Pancreatitis+and+Type+I+Diabetes:+Construction+and+Characterization+of+a+Novel+Prevascularized+Bioartificial+Pancreas.">Connexin-Based Therapeutics and Tissue Engineering Approaches to the Amelioration of Chronic Pancreatitis and Type I Diabetes: Construction and Characterization of a Novel Prevascularized Bioartificial Pancreas.</a> Journal of diabetes research. 2016, 7262680 (2016).</li><li>Al-Awqati, Q., Oliver, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cells+in+the+kidney.">Stem cells in the kidney.</a> Kidney international. 61 (2), 387-395 (2002).</li><li>Aboushwareb, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Erythropoietin+producing+cells+for+potential+cell+therapy.">Erythropoietin producing cells for potential cell therapy.</a> World journal of urology. 26 (4), 295-300 (2008).</li></ol>

Methods used to engineer living renal tissue constructs vary widely with regard to both the type of cells and biomaterials utilized, and in many cases, are outdated or not well-characterized in the literature7. While many are using stem cell approaches or recapitulating individual components of the renal architecture in isolation, the prospect of artificially recreating an entire organ with over 26 different differentiated cell types from cellular suspensions is overwhelming to consider<sup class=...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the current major public health challenges worldwide1. The prevalence of CKD in the United States is over 14% of the total population, with over 600,000 Americans suffering from the most severe form, end-stage renal disease (ESRD)2. The current treatment options available for those with ESRD include dialysis and kidney transplantation. Although approximately 25,000 patients undergo renal transplantation each year, a significant number of patients are added annually leading to a large disparity between those awaiting a life-saving organ and those receiving transplantation3. In addition to its serious negative effects on longevity and quality of life, dialysis is associated with an astonishing financial burden. In 2014, Medicare paid claims totaled over $30 billion for ESRD patients2. With a limited organ supply and no apparent downtrend in patients requiring dialysis, research efforts aimed at identifying alternative solutions to dialysis and transplantation are ever important. Even a relatively short delay in the need for dialysis increases a patient&#39;s number of quality-adjusted life years and productivity substantially while postponing dialysis-related costs4,5,6.
Solutions for functional tissue loss, like that in ESRD, are currently being studied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine laboratories, with widely varied approaches ranging from scaffold-based organoid fabrication to whole organ engineering using decellularized organ structures for cellular implantation7,8,9,10,11. Recapitulating complex renal structures from marginal or discarded kidneys has only partially been investigated. In fact, nearly 20% of kidneys procured for transplantation are discarded for various reasons12,13. The functional renal tissue from these putative grafts could be utilized and incorporated into one or many tissue-engineered constructs. Prior studies have demonstrated the feasibility of working with these discarded organs, utilizing kidneys for the extra-cellular matrix for tissue engineering purposes14,15. However, few have used primary nephronal tissue from healthy kidneys for tissue-engineering purposes16,17,18.
One method previously described by Kim et al. involves isolation of renal &#34;segments&#34; from healthy rat kidneys, which were then seeded on polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds for construct fabrication16. However, little information is given regarding exact dissection methodology, and segments were obtained from a combination of fine mincing and filtration. We describe a modification of this protocol, which similarly produces discrete renal segments with intact nephronal architecture, but instead relies on microdissection techniques. Nephrectomies are performed on living adult mice, after which the kidneys are transferred to the dissection microscope where the renal capsule is removed, and the tissue is further dissected. Small-bore 30&#189; G needles are used as cutting instruments and also as guides aiding in dissection, as the needle diameter is equal to the target diameter of the renal segments. The isolated, in this case murine, renal segments maintain viability in culture and incorporate with scaffold-free endothelial-fibroblast cellular constructs19. These constructs have previously been used to engineer other organs, including a bio-artificial pancreas20.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:707px;" width="706">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Non-fenestrated Sterile Field</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Busse Hospital Disposables</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">696</td>
			<td style="width:199px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Fenestrated Sterile Field</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Busse Hospital Disposables</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">697</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Halsted Mosquito Forceps 5 Curved</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Miltex</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Mil-7-4</td>
			<td>&#34;Hemostat&#34; in manuscript</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:173px;">Extra Fine Graefe Forceps, Curved with teeth</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">11155-10</td>
			<td>Fine forceps with teeth</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:173px;">Extra Fine Graefe Forceps, Serrated (without teeth)</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">11152-10</td>
			<td>Fine forceps without teeth</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Fine Scissors - Tungsten Carbide</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">14568-09</td>
			<td>Iris Scissors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:173px;">Betadine Surgical Scrub with Pump, Povidone-iodine 7.5%</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Purdue Products L.P.</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">67618-151-17</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Sterile Cotton Gauze Pad (4&#34; x 4&#34;)</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Fisher Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">22-415-469</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate Buffered Solution</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">21-030-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin Solution, 100X</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">30-002-Cl</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Isoflurane, USP</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Manufacturer: Piramal, Distributor: McKesson</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">2254845</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">Nair Hair Remover</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Nair</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">22600-23307</td>
			<td>Hair Removal Cream in text</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">200 Proof Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Decon Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">2705</td>
			<td>Diluted to 70% Ethanol Solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">BioLite 60mm Tissue Culture Dish</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Themo-Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">130181</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">Press&#39;n Seal</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Glad</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">12587-70441</td>
			<td>Applied to Stereoscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">SZX16 Stereo Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">SZX16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">Fiber Optic Illuminator</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Cole Parmer</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">41720-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:173px;">Self-Supporting Dual-Light Pipe, 23&#34; L Gooseneck</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Cole Parmer</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">EW-41720-60</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">Scalpel Handle #3</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Miltex</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Mil-4-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:173px;">Sterile Rib-Back Carbon Steel Blade, Blade Size 15</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Bard-Parker</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">371115</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">31 1/2 Gauge Needle</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">14-826F</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Becton Dickinson 305106</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle&#39;s Medium</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">10-017-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Fetal Select 100% Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Atlas Biologicals</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">FS-0500-AD</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">CC-2511</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:173px;">Human Adipose Microvascular Endothelial Cells</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Sciencell Research Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">7200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">Surgical Loupes (2.5x)</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Orascoptic</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">(N/A) Custom Order</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:173px;">FGM-2 (Fibroblast Basal Medium with FGM-2 SingleQuots Added)</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">CC-3131, CC-4126</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:173px;">EGM-2 (Endothelial Basal Medium with EGM-2 SingleQuots Added)</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">CC-3156, CC-4176</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:173px;">Live/Dead Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit for Mammalian Cells</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">L3224</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Anti-Cytokeratin-18 Antibody</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">ab668</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Goat anti-Mouse IgG, Alexa Fluor 633</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">A-21052</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Goat anti-Rabbit IgG, Alexa Fluor 546</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">A-11010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:173px;">Anti-Von Willebrand Factor Antibody</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">ab6994</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:173px;">Albumin, Fluorescein isothiocyanate Conjugate</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">A9771-50MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">Hoescht 33342</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">561908</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:173px;">Background Buster</td>
			<td style="width:181px;">Innovex Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">NB306</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

microdissection of primary renal tissue segments and incorporation with novel scaffold-free construct technology

Kidney transplantation is now a mainstream therapy for end-stage renal disease. However, with approximately 96,000 people on the waiting list and only one-fourth of these patients achieving transplantation, there is a dire need for alternatives for those with failing organs. In order to decrease the harmful consequences of dialysis along with the overall healthcare costs it incurs, active investigation is ongoing in search of alternative solutions to organ transplantation. Implantable tissue-engineered renal cellular constructs are one such feasible approach to replacing lost renal functionality. Here, described for the first time, is the microdissection of murine kidneys for isolation of living corticomedullary renal segments. These segments are capable of rapid incorporation within scaffold-free endothelial-fibroblast constructs which may enable rapid connection with host vasculature once implanted. Adult mouse kidneys were procured from living donors, followed by stereoscope microdissection to obtain renal segments 200 - 300 &#181;m in diameter. Multiple renal constructs were fabricated using primary renal segments harvested from only one kidney. This method demonstrates a procedure which could salvage functional renal tissue from organs that would otherwise be discarded.

The protocol described produces approximately 50 renal segments per pyramidal 2 mm3 section of renal tissue. The renal segments that have been processed and imaged have tubular and glomerular components in differing proportions (see Figure 2). The intact segments were subjected to an assay in order to determine the viability of different segments once every 24 h for three days. Green-fluorescent calcein-AM is present with intracellular esterase act...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microdissection of Primary Renal Tissue Segments and Incorporation with Novel Scaffold-free Construct Technology at JoVE.com

Microdissection of Primary Renal Tissue Segments and Incorporation with Novel Scaffold-free Construct Technology

Tissue-engineered renal constructs provide a solution for the organ shortage and deleterious effects of dialysis. Here, we describe a protocol to micro dissect murine kidneys for isolation of cortico-medullary segments. These segments are implanted into scaffold-free cellular constructs, forming renal organoids.

Kidney transplantation is now a mainstream therapy for end-stage renal disease. However, with approximately 96,000 people on the waiting list and only ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Magnetic Resonance Elastography Methodology for the Evaluation of Tissue Engineered Construct Growth

Traditional mechanical testing often results in the destruction of the sample, and in the case of long term tissue engineered construct studies, the use ...

Non-contact, Label-free Monitoring of Cells and Extracellular Matrix using Raman Spectroscopy

Non-destructive, non-contact and label-free technologies to monitor cell and tissue cultures are needed in the field of biomedical research.1-5 However, ...

Human Cartilage Tissue Fabrication Using Three-dimensional Inkjet Printing Technology

Bioprinting, which is based on thermal inkjet printing, is one of the most attractive enabling technologies in the field of tissue engineering and ...

A Novel Stretching Platform for Applications in Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology

Tools that allow the application of mechanical forces to cells and tissues or that can quantify the mechanical properties of biological tissues have ...

Epithelial Cell Repopulation and Preparation of Rodent Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Renal Tissue Development

This protocol details the generation of acellular, yet biofunctional, renal extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds that are useful as small-scale model ...

Three-dimensional Biomimetic Technology: Novel Biorubber Creates Defined Micro- and Macro-scale Architectures in Collagen Hydrogels

Tissue scaffolds play a crucial role in the tissue regeneration process. The ideal scaffold must fulfill several requirements such as having proper ...

Melt Electrospinning Writing of Three-dimensional Poly(&#949;-caprolactone) Scaffolds with Controllable Morphologies for Tissue Engineering Applications

Melt Electrospinning Writing of Three-dimensional PolyÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Âµ-caprolactone Scaffolds with Controllable Morphologies for Tissue Engineering Applications

This tutorial reflects on the fundamental principles and guidelines for electrospinning writing with polymer melts, an additive manufacturing technology ...

Bioprinting of Cartilage and Skin Tissue Analogs Utilizing a Novel Passive Mixing Unit Technique for Bioink Precellularization

Bioprinting is a powerful technique for the rapid and reproducible fabrication of constructs for tissue engineering applications. In this study, both ...

A Novel Tenorrhaphy Suture Technique with Tissue Engineered Collagen Graft to Repair Large Tendon Defects

Surgical management of large tendon defects with tendon grafts is challenging, as there are a finite number of sites where donors can be readily ...

A Net Mold-based Method of Scaffold-free Three-Dimensional Cardiac Tissue Creation

This protocol describes a novel and easy net mold-based method to create three-dimensional (3-D) cardiac tissues without additional scaffold material. ...