Name: highly sensitive measurement of glomerular permeability in mice with fluorescein isothiocyanate-polysucrose 70
Uploaded: 2019-08-09T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Highly Sensitive Measurement of Glomerular Permeability in Mice with Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-polysucrose 70 at JoVE.com

The authors thank Christina Schwandt, Blanka Duvnjak, and Nicola Kuhr for their exceptional technical assistance and Dr. Dennis Sohn for his help with the fluorescence scan.This research was supported by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) SFB 612 TP B18 to L.C.R. and L.S. The funder had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

The investigations were conducted according to the guidelines outlined in the Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (US National Institutes of Health Publication No. 85-23, revised 1996). All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the relevant institutional approvals (state government Landesamt f&#252;r Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz [LANUV] reference number 84-02.04.2012.A397).
1. Preparation of instruments, solutions, and equipment
<ol>
	<li>Reconstitute FITC-poly...

<ol>
	<li>Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium, , et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+of+estimated+glomerular+filtration+rate+and+albuminuria+with+all-cause+and+cardiovascular+mortality+in+general+population+cohorts:+a+collaborative+meta-analysis.">Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis.</a> Lancet. 375 (9731), 2073-2081 (2010).</li><li>Mori, K. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increase+of+Total+Nephron+Albumin+Filtration+and+Reabsorption+in+Diabetic+Nephropathy.">Increase of Total Nephron Albumin Filtration and Reabsorption in Diabetic Nephropathy.</a> Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 28 (1), 278-289 (2017).</li><li>Amsellem, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cubilin+is+essential+for+albumin+reabsorption+in+the+renal+proximal+tubule.">Cubilin is essential for albumin reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule.</a> Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 21 (11), 1859-1867 (2010).</li><li>Axelsson, J., Rippe, A., Oberg, C. M., Rippe, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid,+dynamic+changes+in+glomerular+permeability+to+macromolecules+during+systemic+angiotensin+II+(ANG+II)+infusion+in+rats.">Rapid, dynamic changes in glomerular permeability to macromolecules during systemic angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion in rats.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 303 (6), F790-F799 (2012).</li><li>Grande, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unaltered+size+selectivity+of+the+glomerular+filtration+barrier+in+caveolin-1+knockout+mice.">Unaltered size selectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier in caveolin-1 knockout mice.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 297 (2), F257-F262 (2009).</li><li>Jeansson, M., Haraldsson, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glomerular+size+and+charge+selectivity+in+the+mouse+after+exposure+to+glucosaminoglycan-degrading+enzymes.">Glomerular size and charge selectivity in the mouse after exposure to glucosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes.</a> Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 14 (7), 1756-1765 (2003).</li><li>Reis, L. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomical+features+of+the+urethra+and+urinary+bladder+catheterization+in+female+mice+and+rats.+An+essential+translational+tool.">Anatomical features of the urethra and urinary bladder catheterization in female mice and rats. An essential translational tool.</a> Acta Cirurgica Brasileira. 26, 106-110 (2011).</li><li>Konigshausen, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Angiotensin+II+increases+glomerular+permeability+by+beta-arrestin+mediated+nephrin+endocytosis.">Angiotensin II increases glomerular permeability by beta-arrestin mediated nephrin endocytosis.</a> Scientific Reports. 6, 39513 (2016).</li><li>Venturoli, D., Rippe, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ficoll+and+dextran+vs.+globular+proteins+as+probes+for+testing+glomerular+permselectivity:+effects+of+molecular+size,+shape,+charge,+and+deformability.">Ficoll and dextran vs. globular proteins as probes for testing glomerular permselectivity: effects of molecular size, shape, charge, and deformability.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 288 (4), F605-F613 (2005).</li><li>Bohrer, M. P., Deen, W. M., Robertson, C. R., Troy, J. L., Brenner, B. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+molecular+configuration+on+the+passage+of+macromolecules+across+the+glomerular+capillary+wall.">Influence of molecular configuration on the passage of macromolecules across the glomerular capillary wall.</a> The Journal of General Physiology. 74 (5), 583-593 (1979).</li><li>Dolinina, J., Rippe, A., Bentzer, P., Oberg, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glomerular+hyperpermeability+after+acute+unilateral+ureteral+obstruction:+Effects+of+Tempol,+NOS-,+RhoA-+and+Rac-1-inhibition.">Glomerular hyperpermeability after acute unilateral ureteral obstruction: Effects of Tempol, NOS-, RhoA- and Rac-1-inhibition.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. , (2018).</li><li>Dolinina, J., Sverrisson, K., Rippe, A., Oberg, C. M., Rippe, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nitric+oxide+synthase+inhibition+causes+acute+increases+in+glomerular+permeability+in+vivo,+dependent+upon+reactive+oxygen+species.">Nitric oxide synthase inhibition causes acute increases in glomerular permeability in vivo, dependent upon reactive oxygen species.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 311 (5), F984-F990 (2016).</li><li>Sverrisson, K., Axelsson, J., Rippe, A., Asgeirsson, D., Rippe, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+reactive+oxygen+species+(ROS)-dependent+effects+of+IL-1beta,+TNF-alpha,+and+IL-6+on+the+glomerular+filtration+barrier+(GFB)+in+vivo.">Acute reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent effects of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 on the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) in vivo.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 309 (9), F800-F806 (2015).</li><li>Sverrisson, K., Axelsson, J., Rippe, A., Asgeirsson, D., Rippe, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic,+size-selective+effects+of+protamine+sulfate+and+hyaluronidase+on+the+rat+glomerular+filtration+barrier+in+vivo.">Dynamic, size-selective effects of protamine sulfate and hyaluronidase on the rat glomerular filtration barrier in vivo.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 307 (10), F1136-F1143 (2014).</li><li>Sverrisson, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracellular+fetal+hemoglobin+induces+increases+in+glomerular+permeability:+inhibition+with+alpha1-microglobulin+and+tempol.">Extracellular fetal hemoglobin induces increases in glomerular permeability: inhibition with alpha1-microglobulin and tempol.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 306 (4), F442-F448 (2014).</li><li>Axelsson, J., Mahmutovic, I., Rippe, A., Rippe, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+size+selectivity+of+the+glomerular+filtration+barrier+in+rats+following+laparotomy+and+muscle+trauma.">Loss of size selectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier in rats following laparotomy and muscle trauma.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 297 (3), F577-F582 (2009).</li><li>Axelsson, J., Rippe, A., Rippe, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transient+and+sustained+increases+in+glomerular+permeability+following+ANP+infusion+in+rats.">Transient and sustained increases in glomerular permeability following ANP infusion in rats.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 300 (1), F24-F30 (2011).</li><li>Axelsson, J., Rippe, A., Rippe, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+hyperglycemia+induces+rapid,+reversible+increases+in+glomerular+permeability+in+nondiabetic+rats.">Acute hyperglycemia induces rapid, reversible increases in glomerular permeability in nondiabetic rats.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 298 (6), F1306-F1312 (2010).</li><li>Axelsson, J., Rippe, A., Venturoli, D., Sward, P., Rippe, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+early+endotoxemia+and+dextran-induced+anaphylaxis+on+the+size+selectivity+of+the+glomerular+filtration+barrier+in+rats.">Effects of early endotoxemia and dextran-induced anaphylaxis on the size selectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier in rats.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 296 (2), F242-F248 (2009).</li><li>Andersson, M., Nilsson, U., Hjalmarsson, C., Haraldsson, B., Nystrom, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mild+renal+ischemia-reperfusion+reduces+charge+and+size+selectivity+of+the+glomerular+barrier.">Mild renal ischemia-reperfusion reduces charge and size selectivity of the glomerular barrier.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 292 (6), F1802-F1809 (2007).</li><li>Dolinina, J., Rippe, A., Bentzer, P., Oberg, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glomerular+hyperpermeability+after+acute+unilateral+ureteral+obstruction:+effects+of+Tempol,+NOS,+RhoA,+and+Rac-1+inhibition.">Glomerular hyperpermeability after acute unilateral ureteral obstruction: effects of Tempol, NOS, RhoA, and Rac-1 inhibition.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 315 (3), F445-F453 (2018).</li><li>Rosengren, B. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transvascular+protein+transport+in+mice+lacking+endothelial+caveolae.">Transvascular protein transport in mice lacking endothelial caveolae.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 291 (3), H1371-H1377 (2006).</li><li>Whitesall, S. E., Hoff, J. B., Vollmer, A. P., D'Alecy, L. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+simultaneous+measurement+of+mouse+systolic+arterial+blood+pressure+by+radiotelemetry+and+tail-cuff+methods.">Comparison of simultaneous measurement of mouse systolic arterial blood pressure by radiotelemetry and tail-cuff methods.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 286 (6), H2408-H2415 (2004).</li><li>Eisner, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Major+contribution+of+tubular+secretion+to+creatinine+clearance+in+mice.">Major contribution of tubular secretion to creatinine clearance in mice.</a> Kidney International. 77 (6), 519-526 (2010).</li></ol>

The presented method enables the investigator to test glomerular permeability in mice in a very sensitive manner using a tracer. With this method, short-term increases in glomerular permeability can be diagnosed using only small amounts of urine. The most critical steps for successfully mastering this technique are 1) developing manual expertise in mouse surgery, especially in the cannulation of a central vein, 2) placing the urinary catheter without harming the mucosa, and 3) manual expertise in handling 384-well plates...

Functional or structural defects within the glomerular filtration barrier increase glomerular permeability to albumin, resulting in the detection of albumin in the urine (albuminuria). Albuminuria predicts cardiovascular outcome and is an important marker for glomerular injury1. Even low levels of albuminuria, lying within the normal range, are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk1.
Under physiological conditions, albumin is filtered through the glomerulus and is almost completely reabsorbed in the tubular system2,3. In mice, the detection of albumin in the urine is usually performed by an albumin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from 24 h of urine collection. If urine from a 24 h urine collection or spot urine is used, small differences in albumin concentrations may be missed due to assay sensitivity problems. Most researchers, therefore, use animal models in which albuminuria is induced by robust renal injury due to toxins, drugs, and renal surgery.
Therefore, the finding of a sensitive method to detect small and transient changes in glomerular permeability is very important to the field. Rippe et al. have presented a rat model to test glomerular permeability by applying a fluorescently labeled tracer, namely FITC-polysucrose 70 (i.e., FITC-Ficoll 70), at the size of albumin4. The tracer application allows the testing of short-term changes in glomerular permeability (within minutes) and is very sensitive4. Two studies have used the tracer method in mice5,6. Despite its benefits, this method, unfortunately, has disadvantages: it is technically very complex, radioactive, and invasive. Further analysis of the urine is only accomplished by using gel filtration or size-exclusion HPLC5,6.
Within this paper, we present an alternative, sensitive, nonradioactive, and fast method to measure glomerular permeability in mice using fluorescently labeled FITC-polysucrose 70. By introducing a transurethral catheter, urine collection is less invasive than bladder puncture, urethrotomy, and suprapubic catheter application, and allows urine collection at least every 30 min. Urine analysis is performed from small amounts (5&#181;L) using a fluorescent plate reader. Tracer concentrations in the urine are normalized to creatinine concentrations in the urine using an enzymatic creatinine assay.
Therefore, this novel method offers a sensitive tool to study early glomerular injury with increased glomerular permeability.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:671px;" width="669">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Motic SMZ168 BL</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Motic</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">SMZ168BL</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">microscope for mouse surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:257px;">KL1500LCD</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Pulch and Lorenz microscopy</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">150500</td>
			<td>light for mouse surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:257px;">Microfederschere</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Braun, Aesculap</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">FD100R</td>
			<td>fine scissors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:257px;">Durotip Feine Scheren</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Braun, Aesculap</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">BC210R</td>
			<td>for neck cut</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:257px;">Anatomische Pinzette</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Braun, Aesculap</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">BD215R</td>
			<td>for surgery&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Pr&#228;parierklemme</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Aesculap</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">BJ008R</td>
			<td>for surgery&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:257px;">Seraflex</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Serag Wiessner</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">IC108000</td>
			<td>silk thread</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Ketamine 10%</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Medistar</td>
			<td style="width:101px;"></td>
			<td>anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Rompun (Xylazin) 2%</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Bayer</td>
			<td style="width:101px;"></td>
			<td>anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:257px;">Fine Bore Polythene Tubing ID 0.28mm OD 0.61mm</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Portex</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">800/100/100</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Catheter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:257px;">Fine Bore Polythene Tubing ID 0.58mm OD 0.96mm</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Portex</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">800/100/200</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Catheter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:257px;">Harvard apparatus 11 Plus</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">70-2209</td>
			<td>syringe pump</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;"></td>
			<td style="width:77px;"></td>
			<td style="width:101px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">BD Insyte Autoguard</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">381823</td>
			<td>&#160;urinary catheter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:257px;">Multimode Detector DTX 880</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:101px;"></td>
			<td>plate reader</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:257px;">384 well microtiterplate</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Nunc</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">262260</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">384 well platte</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:257px;">Creatinine Assay Kit</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">MAK080</td>
			<td>to measure creatinine concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">96 well plate</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Nunc</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">260836</td>
			<td>for creatinine assay&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:257px;">FITC-labeled polysuccrose 70</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">TBD Consultancy</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">FP70</td>
			<td>FITC-ficoll</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:257px;">Angiotensin II</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">A9525</td>
			<td>used to test glomerular permeability</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BP-98A</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Softron</td>
			<td style="width:101px;"></td>
			<td>for blood pressure measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">OTS 40.3040</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Medite</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">01-4005-00</td>
			<td>heating plate for mouse surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:257px;">Instillagel 6mL</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Farco-Pharma GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:101px;"></td>
			<td>for urinary catheter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Exacta</td>
			<td style="width:77px;">Aesculap</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">GT415</td>
			<td>shaver</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

highly sensitive measurement of glomerular permeability in mice with fluorescein isothiocyanate-polysucrose 70

The loss of albumin in urine (albuminuria) predicts cardiovascular outcome. Under physiological conditions, small amounts of albumin are filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed in the tubular system up until the absorption limit is reached. Early increases in pathological albumin filtration may, thus, be missed by analyzing albuminuria. Therefore, the use of tracers to test glomerular permselectivity appears advantageous. Fluorescently labeled tracer fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-polysucrose (i.e., FITC-Ficoll), can be used to study glomerular permselectivity. FITC-polysucrose molecules are freely filtered by the glomerulus but not reabsorbed in the tubular system. In mice and rats, FITC-polysucrose has been investigated in models of glomerular permeability by using technically complex procedures (i.e., radioactive measurements, high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC], gel filtration). We have modified and facilitated a FITC-polysucrose tracer-based protocol to test early and small increases in glomerular permeability to FITC-polysucrose 70 (size of albumin) in mice. This method allows repetitive urine analyses with small urine volumes (5 &#181;L). This protocol contains information on how the tracer FITC-polysucrose 70 is applied intravenously and urine is collected via a simple urinary catheter. Urine is analyzed via a fluorescence plate reader and normalized to a urine concentration marker (creatinine), thereby avoiding technically complex procedures.

As depicted in Figure 2, the method to test glomerular permeability in mice is built up in three phases. The first phase is called the preparation phase, in which a urinary catheter and a central venous catheter are placed. The second phase is called the equilibration phase, starting with an intravenous bolus injection of FITC-polysucrose 70 and followed by the continuous infusion of FITC-polysucrose 70 for 60 min. The last phase is called the experimental ph...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Highly Sensitive Measurement of Glomerular Permeability in Mice with Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-polysucrose 70 at JoVE.com

Highly Sensitive Measurement of Glomerular Permeability in Mice with Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-polysucrose 70

Here, we present a protocol to test glomerular permeability in mice using a highly sensitive, nonradioactive tracer. This method allows repetitive urine analyses with small urine volumes.

The loss of albumin in urine (albuminuria) predicts cardiovascular outcome. Under physiological conditions, small amounts of albumin are filtered by the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Identification and Isolation of Slow-Dividing Cells in Human Glioblastoma Using Carboxy Fluorescein Succinimidyl Ester (CFSE)

Identification and Isolation of Slow-Dividing Cells in Human Glioblastoma Using Carboxy Fluorescein Succinimidyl Ester CFSE

Tumor heterogeneity represents a fundamental feature supporting tumor robustness and presents a central obstacle to the development of therapeutic ...

Quantifying Glomerular Permeability of Fluorescent Macromolecules Using 2-Photon Microscopy in Munich Wistar Rats

Kidney  diseases involving urinary loss of large essential macromolecules, such as  serum albumin, have long been thought to be caused by alterations in ...

An in vivo Assay to Test Blood Vessel Permeability

An in vivo Assay to Test Blood Vessel Permeability

This method is based on the intravenous injection of Evans Blue in mice as the test animal model. Evans blue is a dye that binds albumin. Under ...

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice

COPD is projected to be the third most common cause of mortality world-wide by 2020(1).  Animal models of COPD are used to identify molecules that ...

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice

Multiple surgical procedures have been reported to induce gastroesophageal reflux in animals. Herein, we report three surgical models with mice aiming to ...

Visualization of Vascular and Parenchymal Regeneration after 70% Partial Hepatectomy in Normal Mice

A modified silicone injection procedure was used for visualization of the hepatic vascular tree. This procedure consisted of in-vivo injection of the ...

Long-term Blood Pressure Measurement in Freely Moving Mice Using Telemetry

During the development of new vasoactive agents, arterial blood pressure monitoring is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of the new proposed drugs. ...

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

Split liver transplantation and living liver donor liver transplantation were developed in the clinic to utilize liver organs in a more efficient manner. ...

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease

The use of murine models to mimic human kidney disease is becoming increasingly common. Our research is focused on the assessment of glomerular function ...