Name: process optimization using high throughput automated micro-bioreactors in chinese hamster ovary cell cultivation
Uploaded: 2020-05-18T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Process Optimization using High Throughput Automated Micro-Bioreactors in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultivation at JoVE.com

The authors would like to thank the Bundesministerium f&#252;r Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany, and the BioProcessing team of Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Germany, for their support.

1. Preculture Procedure
NOTE: Recombinant CHO DG44 cells with a viable cell concentration of 1 x 107 cells/mL are used for this protocol.
<ol>
	<li>Thaw the vial containing 1.2 mL of cells to room temperature and immediately transfer the cell suspension to a 15 mL conical centrifuge tube containing 10 mL of cold seed medium.</li>
	<li>Centrifuge the conical centrifuge tube for 5 minutes at 190 x g and room temperature and discard the supernatant.</li>
	<l...

<ol>
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Optimization of the process to increase the yield is of crucial importance in the biopharmaceutical industry. Shake flasks could potentially be used for the screening of the strain; however, the monitoring of the process parameters such as pH and DO are unavailable in the flasks. The micro-bioreactors have an advantage as they allow continuous monitoring and control of the process. These control loops in the micro-bioreactor also provide a condition similar to those at larger scale and thus, deliver results that are comp...

The global biopharmaceutical market was worth more than US $250 billion in 2018 and has been continuously expanding1. Pharmaceutical companies are moving away from producing small molecular drugs to biotechnologically produced therapeutics such as recombinant proteins. These alone are responsible for a revenue of more than $150 billion1. Mammalian cells are now extensively used for the production of these pharmaceutical recombinant proteins. In the current period, among the 68 approved products produced by mammalian cells, 57 are produced by Chinese Hamster ovary cells (CHO)2. CHO cells are specifically used for the production of recombinant proteins that require post-translational modifications. These cells are preferred as they grow in a suspension and thereby enable reproducible results in a serum free chemically defined medium3,4. The other advantage of using CHO cells is that the glycan structure of the product resembles that of the human monoclonal antibody (mAb) and results in higher recombinant protein yield and specific productivity due to gene amplification5.
The yield of recombinant CHO (rCHO) cell culture has increased by a hundred-fold in the past two decades. This improvement is attributed to the optimization of the process parameters, feeding strategy and development of serum free chemically defined medium6. With the increase in requirements of the pharmaceutical products, the pressure increases on cost and time efficiency for the development of the production process7. To reduce the pressure while assuring product quality has redirected the focus of the pharmaceutical industry on Quality by Design (QbD). QbD is used to understand the product production as well as the process. A vital tool used in the ObD is the Design of Experiment (DOE). It helps increase understanding of the process by revealing the relationship between various input variables and resulting output data. Applying the DOE approach to optimize the bioprocess is beneficial during the early stages of the project in assimilating the process conditions and increasing the titer quantity and quality. This approach is beneficial when compared to the old-fashioned strategy: one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT). The statistical approaches to DOE using Classical, Shainin or Taguchi are far superior to the OFAT8.
The process and media optimization can be performed in shake flasks. The flasks are relatively inexpensive. However, it is not possible to control parameters such as temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO). To overcome these drawbacks, multiuse bench-top bioreactors ranging from working volume of 0.5 L to 5 L can be used. The reactors provide an extensive on-line monitoring and process control. However, the use of the multiuse bioreactor is time and labor intensive. In order to overcome these disadvantages, a novel single-use bioreactor that combines the comprehensive process of monitoring the bench-top bioreactor and easy handling of the shake flask is used. The high throughput screening system and single-use technology have contributed to enhance the efficiency of process performance and development9.
In this article, the guidelines to load the recipe in the automated micro-bioreactor (AMBR) software are listed. The influence of different stirrer speeds and pH on the viable cell concentration (VCC) and titer is studied during the course of this experiment. The experimental result and analysis are carried out with design of experiment software MODDE 12. The product analytics are carried out in a high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) system with a Protein A column. It is based on the principle that the Fc region of the mAb binds to protein A with high affinity10,11. With this method, it is possible to identify and quantify the mAb. The quantification is carried out over the measured elution peak areas at 280 nm.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL disposable pipette tips, sterilized</td>
			<td>Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH</td>
			<td>A-0040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>200 mM L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Corning, Merck</td>
			<td>25-005-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24 Well deep well plates</td>
			<td>Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH</td>
			<td>A-0038</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5 mL disposable pipette tips, sterilized</td>
			<td>Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH</td>
			<td>A-0039</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ambr 15 automated microbioreactor system</td>
			<td>Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH</td>
			<td>001-2804</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ambr 15 Cell Culture 24 Disposable Bioreactors - Sparged</td>
			<td>Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH</td>
			<td>001-1B86</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antifoam C Emulsion</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Merck</td>
			<td>A8011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bottle Top Sterile filter</td>
			<td>Corning, Merck</td>
			<td>CLS431474</td>
			<td>0.1 &#956;m pore size</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CEDEX Detergent (3% Mucosol)</td>
			<td>Roche Innovatis AG</td>
			<td>05-650-658-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell counter</td>
			<td>Roche Innovatis AG</td>
			<td>05-650-216-001</td>
			<td>CEDEX HiRes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CHO DG44 cell line</td>
			<td>Cellca, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CHOKO Feed Media A (FMA)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Merck</td>
			<td>CR80025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CHOKO Feed Media B (FMB)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Merck</td>
			<td>CR80026</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CHOKO Production Medium</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Merck</td>
			<td>CR80027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CHOKO Stock Culture Meium</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Merck</td>
			<td>CR80028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chromaster high pressure liquid chromatography system</td>
			<td>VWR International</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Conical Centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Corning, Merck</td>
			<td>SIAL0790</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>1070179026</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycine</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>56-40-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HPLC Vials</td>
			<td>VWR International</td>
			<td>SUPLSU860181</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich,Merck</td>
			<td>P4417</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protein A Column</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>1502226</td>
			<td>POROS&#8482; A 1.7&#160;mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich,Merck</td>
			<td>7647-14-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich,Merck</td>
			<td>7558-79-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue</td>
			<td>VWR International</td>
			<td>VWRVK940</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>YSI</td>
			<td>YSI Inc</td>
			<td>2900D</td>
			<td>YSI 2900 Select</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

process optimization using high throughput automated micro-bioreactors in chinese hamster ovary cell cultivation

Optimization of bioprocesses to increase the yield of desired products is of importance in the biopharmaceutical industry. This can be achieved by strain selection and by developing bioprocess parameters. Shake flasks have been used for this purpose. They, however, lack the capability to control the process parameters such as pH and dissolved oxygen (DO). This limitation can be overcome with the help of an automated micro-bioreactor. These bioreactors mimic cultivation at a larger scale. One of the major advantages of this system is the integration of the Design of Experiment (DOE) in the software. This integration enables establishing a design where multiple process parameters can be varied simultaneously. The critical process parameters and optimum bioprocess conditions can be analyzed within the software. The focus of the work presented here is to introduce the user to the steps involved in process design in the software and incorporation of the DOE within the cultivation run.

An overview of the cultivation performed in this study is presented in Figure 2.
<img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/60577/60577fig02.jpg" /> 
Figure 2: Schematic representation of the experimental conditions to test pH and stirrer speed profiles in the culture stations.&#160;The figure also represents the correct layout to place the vessels. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_uploa...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Process Optimization using High Throughput Automated Micro-Bioreactors in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultivation at JoVE.com

Process Optimization using High Throughput Automated Micro-Bioreactors in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultivation

Here, we present a detailed procedure to run a Design of Experiment in an automated micro-bioreactor followed by cell harvest and protein quantification using a Protein A column.

Optimization of bioprocesses to increase the yield of desired products is of importance in the biopharmaceutical industry. This can be achieved by strain ...

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