This research was supported by two grants from the research project grant from Shanghai First People&#39;s Hospital (grant number: SYYG20221007) and the Medical Innovation Research Special Project in the Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (grant number: 22Y11912100).

This protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai First People&#39;s Hospital (project number: 2022SQ470).
1. Study design
<ol>
	<li>Ensure that the study is single-blind: researchers will be aware of group assignments but they will not inform participants of their allocation.</li>
	<li>Random grouping: Ensure that the researchers use a random number table and randomly divide the participants into two groups at a 1:1 ratio. The control group (CG) will recei...

Rehabilitation Treatment Plan for ACLR Patients

<ol>
	<li>Kehlet, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multimodal+approach+to+control+postoperative+pathophysiology+and+rehabilitation.">Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation.</a> Br J Anaesth. 78 (5), 606-617 (1997).</li><li>Zhou, M. 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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eight+clinical+conundrums+relating+to+anterior+cruciate+ligament+(ACL)+injury+in+sport:recent+evidence+and+a+personal+reflection.">Eight clinical conundrums relating to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in sport:recent evidence and a personal reflection.</a> Br J Sports Med. 47 (6), 367-372 (2013).</li><li>Nicky, V. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence-based+clinical+practice+update:+practice+guidelines+for+anterior+cruciate+ligament+rehabilitation+based+on+a+systematic+review+and+multidisciplinary+consensus.">Evidence-based clinical practice update: practice guidelines for anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation based on a systematic review and multidisciplinary consensus.</a> Br J Sports Med. 50 (24), 1506-1515 (2016).</li><li>Kaycee, E. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anterior+cruciate+ligament+reconstruction+recovery+and+rehabilitation:+a+systematic+review.">Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction recovery and rehabilitation: a systematic review.</a> J Bone Joint Surg Am. 104 (8), 739-754 (2022).</li><li>Fan, Z. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Delayed+versus+accelerated+weight-bearing+rehabilitation+protocol+following+anterior+cruciate+ligament+reconstruction:+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Delayed versus accelerated weight-bearing rehabilitation protocol following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> J Rehabil Med. 54, (2022).</li><li>Hasan, B. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+postoperative+practices+following+anterior+cruciate+ligament+reconstruction+in+France.">Early postoperative practices following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in France.</a> Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 107, 103065 (2021).</li><li>Marianne, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studies+comparing+numerical+rating+scales,+verbal+rating+scales,+and+visual+analogue+scales+for+assessment+of+pain+intensity+in+adults:+a+systematic+literature+review.">Studies comparing numerical rating scales, verbal rating scales, and visual analogue scales for assessment of pain intensity in adults: a systematic literature review.</a> J Pain Symptom Manage. 41 (6), 1073-1093 (2011).</li><li>Collin, C., Wade, D. T., Davies, S., Horne, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Barthel+ADL+Index:+a+reliability+study.">The Barthel ADL Index: a reliability study.</a> Int Disabil Stud. 10 (2), 61-63 (1988).</li><li>Butler, D. L., Noyes, F. R., Grood, E. 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W., Huang, L., Tao, G., Liao, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quanshen+zhendong+jiehe+yundong+xunlian+dui+qianjiaocha+rendai+chongjian+shuhou+huanzhe+zaoqi+kangfu+de+yingxiang+[Effects+of+whole-body+vibration+combined+with+exercise+training+on+early+rehabilitation+of+patients+after+anterior+cruciate+ligament+reconstruction+surgery].">Quanshen zhendong jiehe yundong xunlian dui qianjiaocha rendai chongjian shuhou huanzhe zaoqi kangfu de yingxiang [Effects of whole-body vibration combined with exercise training on early rehabilitation of patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery].</a> Zhonghua wuli yixue yu kangfu zazhi. 43 (2), 158-161 (2021).</li><li>Jonas, I., Eva, F., Sveinbj&#246;rn, B., Bengt, I. E., Jon, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+active+extension+after+anterior+cruciate+ligament+reconstruction+does+not+result+in+increased+laxity+of+the+knee.">Early active extension after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction does not result in increased laxity of the knee.</a> Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 14 (11), 1108-1115 (2006).</li><li>Riccardo, D., Nicola, U., Fabrizio, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quadrupled+semitendinosus+anterior+cruciate+ligament+reconstruction+without+the+use+of+tourniquet+and+minimal+instrumentation:+the+&amp;#34;Double+D&amp;#34;+technique.">Quadrupled semitendinosus anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction without the use of tourniquet and minimal instrumentation: the &amp;#34;Double D&amp;#34; technique.</a> Arthrosc Tech. 12 (9), e1589-e1593 (2023).</li><li>Schmitz, R. J., Kim, H., Shultz, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+axial+load+on+anterior+tibial+translation+when+transitioning+from+non-weight+bearing+to+weight+bearing.">Effect of axial load on anterior tibial translation when transitioning from non-weight bearing to weight bearing.</a> Clin Biomech. 25 (1), 77-82 (2010).</li><li>Yack, H. J., Riley, L. M., Whieldon, T. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anterior+tibial+translation+during+progressive+loading+of+the+ACL-deficient+knee+during+weight-bearing+and+nonweight-bearing+isometric+exercise.">Anterior tibial translation during progressive loading of the ACL-deficient knee during weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing isometric exercise.</a> J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 20 (5), 247-253 (1994).</li><li>Joanna, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tibial+translation+in+exercises+used+early+in+rehabilitation+after+anterior+cruciate+ligament+reconstruction+exercises+to+achieve+weight-bearing.">Tibial translation in exercises used early in rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction exercises to achieve weight-bearing.</a> Knee. 13 (6), 460-463 (2006).</li><li>Steven, C., Peter, V., Ramses, F., Johan, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+&amp;#34;ligamentization&amp;#34;+process+in+anterior+cruciate+ligament+reconstruction:what+happens+to+the+human+graft?+A+systematic+review+of+the+literature.">The &amp;#34;ligamentization&amp;#34; process in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction:what happens to the human graft? A systematic review of the literature.</a> Am J Sports Med. 39 (11), 2476-2483 (2011).</li><li>Gabriel, D. A., Kamen, G., Frost, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+adaptations+to+resistive+exercise:+mechanisms+and+recommendations+for+training+practices.">Neural adaptations to resistive exercise: mechanisms and recommendations for training practices.</a> Sports Med. 36 (2), 133-149 (2006).</li><li>Jakobsen, T. L., Husted, H., Kehlet, H., Bandholm, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progressive+strength+training+(10RM)+commenced+immediately+after+fast-track+total+knee+arthroplasty:is+it+feasible.">Progressive strength training (10RM) commenced immediately after fast-track total knee arthroplasty:is it feasible.</a> Disabil Rehabil. 34 (12), 1034-1040 (2012).</li></ol>

This study protocol contains details of the EWB rehabilitation after ACLR. Its process is clear and not complicated, and because only simple rehabilitation equipment is needed for the implementation of the EWB rehabilitation program, it is clinically feasible and convenient. In addition, safety is an important consideration in this study protocol. The EWB rehabilitation program not only adds protective measures to prevent iatrogenic sports injury but also follows the step-by-step principle. Therefore, the results of this...

Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) is a concept that promotes the early initiation of postsurgery rehabilitation care units, particularly after orthopedic operations, when conditions are appropriate1. This approach seeks to shift the clinical focus from treating the disease to functional rehabilitation promptly with the goal of reducing hospital stays, minimizing postoperative complications, improving patient prognosis and satisfaction, and enhancing overall rehabilitation outcomes. Since the introduction of ERAS, Chinese orthopedic rehabilitation specialist, Zhou Mouwang, has advocated for the active application of accelerated recovery protocols to further progress perioperative rehabilitation practices within the realm of Chinese orthopedics2. Internationally recognized consensus guidelines have also been established to facilitate enhanced surgical recovery for orthopedic conditions such as joint replacement and spine surgery3. Nonetheless, while considerable advancements have been made in implementing ERAS in recent years, the primary application has been in major operations, such as joint replacement surgeries4. As a result, there is a pressing need to further investigate and expand the application of ERAS within the rehabilitation of other orthopedic conditions.
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) plays a pivotal role in maintaining knee joint stability. ACL injuries are among the most prevalent sports-related injuries, with approximately 2 million cases occurring worldwide annually5. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is the mainstream treatment approach, aiming to restore normal knee anatomy and stability, prevent secondary injuries, and enable patients' return to sport. Rehabilitation following ACL injury has been an active research area. It is widely accepted that post ACLR rehabilitation is integral for optimizing surgical outcomes and facilitating patients' recovery of sports-related function6,7. However, early weight-bearing (EWB) rehabilitation protocols after ACLR remain understudied, leading to a lack of consensus among clinicians.
The latest research in 2021 supports allowing immediate weight-bearing and full knee range of motion within tolerance after ACL autograft reconstruction surgery7. However, a consensus has not yet been reached in clinical practice. The authoritative British Journal of Sports Medicine published in 2016 also advocates for immediate weight-bearing post ACLR, finding it does not increase knee joint laxity. If gait is proper without increased pain or effusion during/after walking, immediate weight-bearing is considered acceptable6. In contrast, a review in 2022 summarizes that accelerated weight-bearing rehabilitation following ACLR may increase risks of knee joint laxity and bone tunnel widening compared to delayed weight-bearing protocols, advising cautious selection of postoperative regimens8. Additional concerns with EWB include knee pain, swelling, effusion, wound healing, and fall risks after ACLR. Although substantial literature endorses EWB after ACLR, clinical practices still vary. A study in 20209 found that surgeon experience influences post ACLR weight-bearing timelines in France; more experienced surgeons were more likely to favor EWB rehabilitation.
Under the guidance of the ERAS concept, EWB is an important factor affecting patient function and quality of life. However, whether the EWB program could impair wound healing, increase pain and swelling, or impact knee stability remains a key concern for orthopedic and rehabilitation clinicians. In view of the current dilemma of clinicians and inconsistent research results, this study aims to explore the safety and feasibility of EWB after ACLR.

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	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Elastic band</td>
			<td>JOINFIT</td>
			<td>10722038422</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electronic body weightometer</td>
			<td>China&#39;s Xiaomi Technology (W0LONOW)</td>
			<td>100021480693</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Movable mirror</td>
			<td>Guangzhou Compaq Medical Equipment Co. LTD</td>
			<td>10073735389717</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPSS 21.0&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>statistical analysis</td>
		</tr>
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early weight-bearing rehabilitation protocol after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the common sports injuries. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is the mainstream treatment for ACL injury, aiming to regain normal anatomical structure and stability of the knee joint and promote the patient's return to sports. Under the guidance of the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery, early weight-bearing rehabilitation (EWB) is an important factor affecting patient function and quality of life. However, there is no consensus on whether EWB rehabilitation can be performed after ACL surgery. 
This study aims to explore the safety and feasibility of EWB after ACL surgery. The study implemented a gradual EWB rehabilitation program in the experimental group, including weight-shifting training, balance training, and gait training on the affected lower limb, and assessed wound healing and stability of the knee joint. The study found that EWB after ACLR is safe and feasible. EWB rehabilitation not only does not pose a negative effect on the patient's knee pain, swelling, wound healing, and stability, but also helps to improve knee active flexion and quality of life faster and better. The EWB program in this study is simple, safe, and effective, and it provides strong theoretical guidance and practical demonstration for accelerated rehabilitation after ACLR.

Author Spotlight: Implementing the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Concept in Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Early Weight-Bearing Rehabilitation Protocol After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Our group conducted a clinical study of early weightbearing rehabilitation after cruciate ligament reconstruction. The aim of this study is to explore the possibility of implementing the ERAS concept in the early rehabilitation of this disease. We developed a standardized and early weightbearing rehabilitation program, and observed its feasibility and effectiveness.There is no concern on the early weightbearing rehabilitation project after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, the early weightbearing rehabilitation can accelerate patients waiting to decide and improve their satisfaction, which is in line with the contemporary concept of enhanced recovery after surgery. The early weightbearing rehabilitation program of our team is safe, effective, and feasible.The program can improve the daily activity of daily living and patient satisfaction. We found no adverse effects of the protocol on the old and needs stability of the patients. Our findings provide us a theoretical basis for accelerated recovery of the anterior reconstruction, physical can carry out the early weightbearing rehabilitation for the patients to improve their self, their ability, and reduce dependence and the medical costs.

This study included 38 patients, all of whom completed the 2-week study (CG = 19, PG = 19). There were no significant differences in sex, age, surgical site, graft type, or degree of meniscus repair between the two groups (P &#62; 0.05; see Table 1).
The intensity of pain of patients in EG on postoperative days 2, 7, and 14 was (2.2 &#177; 1.3), (1.1 &#177; 0.6), and (0.6 &#177; 0.5), respectively, indicating a gradual decrease in the intensity of pain. The intensity ...

Read this Scientific Article Protocol about Author Spotlight: Implementing Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Concepts in Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction at JoVE.com

Based on the safety and feasibility, this article presents an early weight-bearing rehabilitation protocol after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The protocol is clear and easy to operate, which is helpful to promote its use in clinical practice and accelerate the functional recovery of patients.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the common sports injuries. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is the mainstream treatment ...

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763 Views.  Shanghai Second Rehabilitation Hospital. Our group conducted a clinical study of early weightbearing rehabilitation after cruciate ligament reconstruction. The aim of this study is to explore the possibility of implementing the ERAS concept in the early rehabilitation of this disease. We developed a standardized and early weightbearing rehabilitation program, and observed its feasibility and effectiveness.There is no concern on the early weightbearing rehabilitation project after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. How...

Video: Author Spotlight: Implementing the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Concept in Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Based on the safety and feasibility, this article presents an early weight-bearing rehabilitation protocol after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The protocol is clear and easy to operate, which is helpful to promote its use in clinical practice and accelerate the functional recovery of...

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weight-bearing-standing training for lower limb recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Weight-Bearing-Standing Training for Lower Limb Recovery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

weight-bearing-balance training for lower limb recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Weight-Bearing-Balance Training for Lower Limb Recovery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

athymic rat model for evaluation of engineered anterior cruciate ligament grafts

Athymic Rat Model for Evaluation of Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts

Animal models are important tools for the evaluation of tissue-engineered grafts. This paper presents the protocol for preparing an electrospun biodegradable polymer graft for use in anterior cruciate ligament tissue engineering, as well as a surgical protocol for implantation in a rat...

surgical retrieval, isolation and in vitro expansion of human anterior cruciate ligament-derived cells for tissue engineering applications

Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications

For future applications as a patch to repair partial tears of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), human ACL derived cells were isolated from tissue obtained during reconstructive procedures, expanded in vitro and grown on tissue engineered scaffolds. Cellular adhesion and morphology was then performed to confirm biocompatibility on scaffold...

Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications

non-invasive anterior cruciate ligament injury for initiating post-traumatic osteoarthritis in mice

Non-Invasive Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury for Initiating Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Mice

arthroscopic excision of posterior cruciate ligament cysts using a double posteromedial approach

Author Spotlight: Double Posteromedial Approach for Treating Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts

We present a surgical approach to treat posterior cruciate ligament cysts by an arthroscopic double posteromedial...

Arthroscopic Double Posteromedial Approach for PCL Cyst Excision

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non-invasive compression-induced anterior cruciate ligament (acl) injury and in vivo imaging of protease activity in mice

Author Spotlight: Investigating Early Events and Long-Term Effects of ACL Injuries for Osteoarthritis Progression

Non-invasive ACL injury is a reliable and clinically relevant method for initiating post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in mice. This injury method also allows for in vivo quantification of protease activity in the joint at early time points post-injury using protease-activatable near infrared probes and fluorescence reflectance...

Non-Invasive Compression-Induced Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury and In Vivo Imaging of Protease Activity in Mice

Arthroscopic Excision of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts Using a Double Posteromedial Approach

enhancing upper limb function and motor skills post-stroke through an upper limb rehabilitation robot

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Post-Stroke Upper Limb Rehabilitation with Robotic Technologies for Improved Motor Recovery and Functional Outcomes

This protocol describes an upper limb rehabilitation robot that provides intelligent feedback through four modes. These modes enhance upper limb function and flexibility, thereby improving patients' quality of...

Integrated Robotic and Conventional Therapy for Post-Stroke Upper Limb Recovery

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modeling cataract surgery in mice

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms in PCO and Fibrosis Following Cataract Surgery

This method models cataract surgery in vivo by removing lens fiber cells from adult mice and leaving behind the capsular bag with attached lens epithelial cells (LECs). The injury response is then assessed at various times post-surgery using molecular and morphological criteria.

Replicating Cataract Surgical Techniques in a Mouse Model Through LEC Extraction

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structured motor rehabilitation after selective nerve transfers

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers

Here, we present a protocol for the motor rehabilitation of patients with severe nerve injuries and selective nerve transfer surgery. It aims at restoring the motor function proposing several stages in patient education, early-stage therapy after surgery and interventions for rehabilitation after successful re-innervation of the nerve&#8217;s...

technical considerations and approach to redo foregut surgery

Author Spotlight: Recent Advancements in Reoperative Foregut Surgery

Redo foregut surgery is associated with increased patient morbidity and presents a technical challenge for the surgeon. We describe our approach and considerations when performing a redo hiatal hernia repair to provide a guide for other surgeons and improve patient...

Reoperative Hiatal Hernia Repair

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Impact of Non-Invasive ACL Injury and Surgery on Protease Activity in Mice

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surface electromyographic biofeedback as a rehabilitation tool for patients with global brachial plexus injury receiving bionic reconstruction

Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction

Optimal functional outcomes after bionic reconstruction in patients with global brachial plexus injury depend on a structured rehabilitation protocol. Surface electromyographic guided training may improve the amplitude, separation and consistency of EMG signals, which - after elective amputation of a functionless hand - control and drive a prosthetic...

donor posterior atrial flap rotation for left atrial cuff reconstruction in lung transplantation

Author Spotlight: Advancing Lung Transplantation with Improved Surgical Repair of Left Atrial Wall Defect

This protocol describes a new method for effectively reconstructing donor atrial cuff anterior wall defects during lung transplantation through the rotation of the donor posterior atrial flap.

Efficient Repair of Donor Left Atrial Defects with Posterior Flap Rotation

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a multi-modal approach to assessing recovery in youth athletes following concussion

A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion

This article provides an overview of a multi-modal approach to assessing recovery following concussion in youth athletes.  The described protocol uses pre- and post-concussion assessment of performance across a wide variety of domains and can inform the development of improved concussion rehabilitation protocols specific to the youth sport...