Chapter 10
Alcohols and Phenols
هيكل وتسميات الكحول والفينولات
Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is ...
الخصائص الفيزيائية للكحول والفينولات
Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group ...
حموضة وقاعدية الكحول والفينولات
Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. ...
تحضير الكحول عن طريق تفاعلات الإضافة
Overview
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight ...
الجفاف المحفز بالحمض من الكحول إلى الألكينات
In a dehydration reaction, a hydroxyl group in an alcohol is eliminated along with the hydrogen from an adjacent carbon. Here, the products are an alkene ...
الكحول من مركبات الكربونيل: التخفيض
Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic ...
الكحوليات من مركبات الكربونيل: تفاعل جرينارد
Grignard reagents are one of the most commonly used reagents used to synthesize alcohols from carbonyl compounds. Grignard reagents are organomagnesium ...
حماية الكحول
This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are ...
تحضير الديولات وإعادة ترتيب البيناكول
Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal ...
تحويل الكحول إلى هاليدات الألكيل
This lesson delves into the conversion of alcohols to corresponding alkyl halides and the mechanism of action for different reagents. Typically, the ...
أكسدة الكحول
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, ...
تحضير الكحول عن طريق تفاعلات الاستبدال
Overview
Alcohols can be synthesized from alkyl halides via nucleophilic substitution reactions. The highly polar carbon-halogen bond in the substrate ...
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