Chapter 21
Endocrine System
ما هو جهاز الغدد الصماء؟
The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. ...
مستقبلات الهرمون داخل الخلايا
Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors ...
تأشير سطح الخلية
Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across ...
حلقات التغذية الرجعية
In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a ...
المحور تحت المهادي - النخامي
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. ...
أنواع الهرمونات
Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the ...
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