وقد تم تمويل هذا العمل من قبل NCTR / FDA.

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ليس لدينا شيء في الكشف عنها. قد العمل المقدم هنا لا تعبر بالضرورة عن وجهة نظر إدارة الغذاء والدواء.

التقنية جوانب MAV والمشيمية تشريح الضفيرة فمن الأهمية بمكان خلال تشريح MAV أن يكون الدماغ &quot;المغمور&quot; أكثر من مرة في ملحي أو الصوديوم الفوسفات مخزنة المالحة. سوف يسمح للMAV والقشرة ليذوى خلال تشريح يؤدي إلى MAV الالتزام بإحكام على I. طبقة قشرية هذا سوف يزيد من كمية الأنسجة القشرية تحصد مع / وMAV أو نتيجة عدم القدرة على في إزالة هذه المقاطع MAV الالتزام من القشرة. أيضا، والصبر ضروري أثناء تشريح. مرة أخرى، إذا كان أحد واجه بعض المقاومة في إزالة القشرة من MAV في نصف الكرة الجنوبي خلال تشريح، والتحول إلى نصف الكرة أخرى والعودة في وقت لاحق إلى الجانب حيث واجه مقاومة. هذه الطريقة لا تأخذ بعض الممارسة لاتقان ويتطلب حوالي 5 إلى 15 &quot;الممارسة&quot; تشريح قبل أن يتم التوصل إلى الحصاد موحدة باستمرار من الأنسجة MAV. طريقة البدء في تشريح وريموفال من MAV في دائرة الشرايين عند قاعدة الدماغ يسهل إزالة السحايا باستخدام أكبر الأوعية الدموية والدعم &quot;السقالات&quot;. يجب طرد الكثير من الدم في الأوعية الدموية في الأصل MAV بعد التضحية خلال تشريح، وأقل من 5٪ من الحمض النووي الريبي تحصد من MAV ينبغي أن تكون ذات منشأ الدم. فمن الممكن لإزالة ما يقرب من جميع الدم عن طريق perfusing الحيوان 50 الى 70 مل من محلول ملحي، وذلك باستخدام التقنيات النسيجية، وذلك قبل قطع الرأس وإزالة الدماغ. ومع ذلك، فمن ثم أكثر صعوبة لتصور الأنسجة MAV أثناء تشريح. المصادر الثلاثة على الأرجح من &quot;التلوث&quot; للأنسجة MAV هي الغدة الصنوبرية، طبقة قشرية I الأنسجة والأنسجة المتبقية البصلة الشمية ولكن من الممكن أيضا الحصول على الغدة النخامية الغدة الأنسجة في إعداد. تم الكشف عن تلوث الصنوبرية في MAV من MAV تحتوي على جولة قطر 1-2 مم المجال وهذا هو الأحمر الداكن اللون. وتتمثل المهمة الرئيسيةويعتبر عادة من الغدة الصنوبرية في أن تكون مختلفة تماما عن MAV. وظيفتها الأساسية هي إنتاج الميلاتونين الذي ينظم جوانب إيقاع الساعة البيولوجية 9، وlipoxygenation في 10 من السلائف الدهون. على الرغم من كان يعتقد أن الجينات وكس، الذي ينظم نشاط أكسيجيناز شحمية، لتكون موجودة في المقام الأول البالغين في الغدة الصنوبرية 10، نتائجنا تشير إلى أنه موجود أيضا باستمرار في مستويات كبيرة في MAV. تلوث المتبقية لمبة القشرية أو حاسة الشم النتائج في الأنسجة ردي MAV شبكة الإنترنت مثل وجود بعض أكثر كثافة 1-2 مم الأنسجة التي هي ونا كثيرا في اللون محاطة فيه. يمكن رصدها عن طريق &quot;عائمة&quot; للMAV على سطح المخزن المؤقت، ومن ثم إزالة الأنسجة القشرية أو أثقل مبة باستخدام ملقط تشريح 2. إذا تلوث طبقة قشرية من MAV I الأنسجة، والأنسجة تحت المهاد البصري أو الغدة الصنوبرية موجود، ثم سوف يكون لها العديد من الجينات ذات دلالةأكبر cantly التعبير مما هو عادة موجودة في تشريح &quot;نظيفة&quot;. سوف تلوث MAV مع الغدة الصنوبرية يؤدي إلى التعبير عن أعلى arylalkylamine N-أسيتيل (Aanat) وهو أمر ضروري لتخليق الميلاتونين. للأسف، إذا تلوث الصنوبرية يحدث أثناء تشريح MAV، فإن مستويات وكس في MAV لا تكون قادرة على أن تحدد بدقة. سوف تلوث MAV مع الأنسجة القشرية يؤدي إلى أعلى تعبيرا عن العصبية جينات محددة مثل hippocalcin (Hpca)، parvalbumin (Pvalb) و / أو مستقبلات الخلايا العصبية pentraxin (Nptxr). سوف تلوث MAV مع الأنسجة تحت المهاد البصري يؤدي إلى ارتفاع التعبير عن هرمون النمو 1 (GH1)، proopiomelanocortin (POMC). في حالة أن بعض التلوث موجود في الأنسجة تحصد، يمكن تحديد معظم هذه الجينات وعدم استخدامها في تحليل التعبير الجيني. هذا مهم بشكل خاص للجينات موجودة في الكحول المتداولةالتطوير التنظيمي التي قد تكون لا تزال موجودة في MAV أو الضفيرة المشيمية. Interpretting بيانات التعبير الجيني من MAV المقطوع والضفيرة المشيمية سطح الدماغي (سطحية) جنبا إلى جنب مع الأوعية الدموية المرتبطة السحايا (MAV) والضفيرة المشيمية ضرورية لتدفق الدم في الدماغ والسائل النخاعي (CSF) التوازن 4،11، 12، 13، 14، 15، 16، 17. حصاد الأنسجة مناسبة لتحليل الكيمياء الحيوية والفسيولوجية، وتبين أنها لMAV أن تكون حساسة للتلف التي تنتجها الأمفيتامين وارتفاع الحرارة 1،2 من خلال تحليل التعبير الجيني. هذه النتائج متناسبة مع ما هو معروف أيضا عن ارتفاع الحرارة الشديدة والتعرض لالأمفيتامينات إلى الأوعية الدموية في المخ في عام 18،19،20. البيانات السريرية البشرية يدعم الاعتقاد بأن الأوعية الدموية تحت الجافية حساسة للتلف من الأمفيتامين والميثامفيتامين 21،22. وكذلك، بما في vasculatures الرئيسية والثانوية الدماغيجي في تلك الطبقة حنوني للسحايا التي يتم حصادها في MAV ذات الفائدة المرتفعة يحتمل عند التحقيق concussive أنواع من صدمات الرأس 23،24 25. التعبير الجيني الشخصي الحالي أسفرت عن MAV يشير إلى أن حنوني وربما الأغشية السحائية العنكبوتية قد تلعب دورا أكبر مما كان متوقعا في تنظيم تكوين CSF. في المستقبل، من خلال استخدام تقنيات تشريح المجهر، فإنه قد يكون من الممكن فصل المزيد من الأنسجة التي تتألف منها MAV بحيث يمكن فصل الأغشية حنوني والعنكبوتي من الحاضر الأوعية الدموية الشرياني، وربما أكبر من بعضها البعض. وسيمكن هذا أفضل تفسير وظيفة كل من هذه المكونات 3 من MAV المقطوع.

<table border="1" style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><tbody><tr><td> اسم كاشف / معدات </td><td> شركة </td><td> كتالوج رقم </td><td> التعليقات (اختياري) </td></tr><tr><td> المؤسسة العامة لتحلية عادي (9 غرام المالحة / 1 ليتر H 2 O) </td><td> في المنزل </td><td></td><td> تشريح العازلة </td></tr><tr><td> 0،1 فوسفات الصوديوم M درجة الحموضة 7.4 </td><td> في المنزل </td><td></td><td> تشريح العازلة </td></tr><tr><td> العظام قراضة </td><td> Roboz </td><td> RS-8300 </td><td> الجمجمة العظام إزالة </td></tr><tr><td> ملقط-عازمة تلميح (4 &quot;طويلة واسعة 0.8 تلميح مم) </td><td> Roboz </td><td> RS-5135-5137 أو RS </td><td> تشريح ملقط </td></tr><tr><td> ملقط غيض على التوالي (5.5 &quot;طويلة) </td><td> Roboz </td><td> RS-8124-8104 أو RS </td><td> ملقط الإبهام خلع الملابس </td></tr></tbody></table>

a visual description of the dissection of the cerebral surface vasculature and associated meninges and the choroid plexus from rat brain

تم إنشاء هذا العرض التقديمي الفيديو لإظهار وسيلة لحصاد اثنين من أهم الهياكل الوعائية للغاية، وليس المقيمين في الدماغ السليم، أن وظيفة الدماغ الأمامي الدعم. هم سطح الدماغي (سطحية) جنبا إلى جنب مع الأوعية الدموية المرتبطة السحايا (MAV) والضفيرة المشيمية التي هي ضرورية لتدفق الدم في الدماغ والسائل النخاعي (CSF) التوازن. النسيج المقطوع هو مناسبة لتحليل الكيمياء الحيوية والفسيولوجية، وتبين أنها لMAV أن تكون حساسة للتلف التي تنتجها الأمفيتامين وارتفاع الحرارة 1،2. وكذلك، فإن vasculatures الرئيسية والثانوية تحصد الدماغي في MAV ذات الفائدة المرتفعة يحتمل عند التحقيق concussive أنواع من صدمات الرأس. وMAV تشريح في هذا العرض يتكون من حنوني وبعض من الغشاء العنكبوتي (دورا أقل) من السحايا والأوعية الدموية الرئيسية والثانوية سطح المخ. والمشيمية الضفيرة تشريح هو الهيكل الذي يقيم في لateral البطينين كما وصفها أولدفيلد وماكينلي 3،4،5،6. الطرق المستخدمة لحصاد هذه الأنسجة 2 تسهل أيضا حصاد الأنسجة القشرية إقليمية خالية من السحايا والأوعية الدموية السطحية أكبر الدماغي، ومتوافق مع حصاد أنسجة المخ الأخرى مثل المخطط، تحت المهاد، الحصين، وما إلى ذلك من تشريح الأنسجة 2 يأخذ من مجموع 5 دقائق إلى 10. يمكن العثور على مستويات التعبير الجيني للتشريح وMAV الضفيرة المشيمية، كما هو مبين والمذكورة في هذا العرض في GSE23093 (MAV) وGSE29733 (الضفيرة المشيمية) في مستودع GEO NCBI. وكانت هذه البيانات، ويجري، وتستخدم للمساعدة في فهم المزيد من سير عمل MAV والضفيرة المشيمية وكيف أعصاب أحداث مثل ارتفاع الحرارة الشديد وAMPH تؤثر سلبا وظيفتها.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Visual Description of the Dissection of the Cerebral Surface Vasculature and Associated Meninges and the Choroid Plexus from Rat Brain at JoVE.com

A Visual Description of the Dissection of the Cerebral Surface Vasculature and Associated Meninges and the Choroid Plexus from Rat Brain

هذا العرض يظهر الفيديو وسيلة لحصاد اثنين من أهم هياكل الأوعية الدموية للغاية التي تدعم وظيفة الدماغ الأمامي. هم سطح الدماغي (سطحية) جنبا إلى جنب مع الأوعية الدموية المرتبطة السحايا (MAV) والضفيرة المشيمية التي هي ضرورية لتدفق الدم في الدماغ والسائل النخاعي (CSF) التوازن.

A وصف البصرية في تشريح الأوعية الدموية السطحية والسحايا الدماغي المقترن والضفيرة المشيمية من دماغ الفئران

This video presentation was created to show a method of harvesting the two most important highly vascular structures, not residing within the brain ...

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JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

47.9K Views.  National Center for Toxicological Research. هذا العرض يظهر الفيديو وسيلة لحصاد اثنين من أهم هياكل الأوعية الدموية للغاية التي تدعم وظيفة الدماغ الأمامي. هم سطح الدماغي (سطحية) جنبا إلى جنب مع الأوعية الدموية المرتبطة السحايا (MAV) والضفيرة المشيمية التي هي ضرورية لتدفق الدم في الدماغ والسائل النخاعي (CSF) الت...

Video: A Visual Description of the Dissection of the Cerebral Surface Vasculature and Associated Meninges and the Choroid Plexus from Rat Brain

Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model by Endovascular Suture Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in the Rat

Stroke is the leading cause of disability and the third leading cause of death in adults worldwide1. In human stroke, there exists a highly variable clinical state; in the development of animal models of focal ischemia, however, achieving reproducibility of experimentally induced infarct volume is essential. The rat is a widely used animal model for stroke due to its relatively low animal husbandry costs and to the similarity of its cranial circulation to that of humans2,3. In humans, the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is most commonly affected in stroke syndromes and multiple methods of MCA occlusion (MCAO) have been described to mimic this clinical syndrome in animal models. Because recanalization commonly occurs following an acute stroke in the human, reperfusion after a period of occlusion has been included in many of these models. In this video, we demonstrate the transient endovascular suture MCAO model in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). A filament with a silicon tip coating is placed intraluminally at the MCA origin for 60 minutes, followed by reperfusion. Note that the optimal occlusion period may vary in other rat strains, such as Wistar or Sprague-Dawley. Several behavioral indicators of stroke in the rat are shown. Focal ischemia is confirmed using T2-weighted magnetic resonance images and by staining brain sections with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) 24 hours after MCAO.

Surgical induction of ischemic brain damage in the rat is a widely used model for stroke research. Here we demonstrate the induction of focal cerebral ischemia by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Visualization of the resulting infarct by histological staining and magnetic resonance imaging is also shown.

التنسيق النموذجي نقص تروية الدماغ عن طريق خياطة اللف انسداد الشريان الدماغي الأوسط في الجرذ

Stroke is the leading cause of disability and the third leading cause of death in adults worldwide1. In human stroke, there exists a highly variable ...

Visual Evoked Potential Recording in a Rat Model of Experimental Optic Nerve Demyelination

The visual evoked potential (VEP) recording is widely used in clinical practice to assess the severity of optic neuritis in its acute phase, and to monitor the disease course in the follow-up period. Changes in the VEP parameters closely correlate with pathological damage in the optic nerve. This protocol provides a detailed description about the rodent model of optic nerve microinjection, in which a partial demyelination lesion is produced in the optic nerve. VEP recording techniques are also discussed. Using skull implanted electrodes, we are able to acquire reproducible intra-session and between-session VEP traces. VEPs can be recorded on individual animals over a period of time to assess the functional changes in the optic nerve longitudinally. The optic nerve demyelination model, in conjunction with the VEP recording protocol, provides a tool to investigate the disease processes associated with demyelination and remyelination, and can potentially be employed to evaluate the effects of new remyelinating drugs or neuroprotective therapies.

Focal demyelination is induced in the optic nerve using lysolecithin microinjection. Visual evoked potentials are recorded via skull electrodes implanted over the visual cortex to examine the signal conduction along the visual pathway in vivo. This protocol details the surgical procedures underlying electrode implantation and optic nerve microinjection.

البصري مستدعى تسجيل المحتملين في نموذج الفئران التجريبية العصب البصري إزالة الميالين

The visual evoked potential (VEP) recording is widely used in clinical practice to assess the severity of optic neuritis in its acute phase, and to ...

Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo

The choroid plexus is located in the ventricular wall of the brain, the main function of which is believed to be production of cerebrospinal fluid. Choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPECs) covering the surface of choroid plexus tissue harbor multiple unique cilia, but most of the functions of these cilia remain to be investigated. To uncover the function of CPEC cilia with particular reference to their motility, an ex vivo observation system was developed to monitor ciliary motility during embryonic, perinatal and postnatal periods. The choroid plexus was dissected out of the brain ventricle and observed under a video-enhanced contrast microscope equipped with differential interference contrast optics. Under this condition, a simple and quantitative method was developed to analyze the motile profiles of CPEC cilia for several hours ex vivo. Next, the morphological changes of cilia during development were observed by scanning electron microscopy to elucidate the relationship between the morphological maturity of cilia and motility. Interestingly, this method could delineate changes in the number and length of cilia, which peaked at postnatal day (P) 2, while the beating frequency reached a maximum at P10, followed by abrupt cessation at P14. These techniques will enable elucidation of the functions of cilia in various tissues. While related techniques have been published in a previous report1, the current study focuses on detailed techniques to observe the motility and morphology of CPEC cilia ex vivo.

Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo

In this study, a detailed light microscopic technique was optimized for real-time observation and analysis of the motion of CPEC cilia ex vivo together with an electron microscopic method for ultrastructural analysis.

مراقبة الحركة الهدبية من الخلايا المشيمية الضفيرة طلائي<em&gt; السابقين فيفو</em

The choroid plexus is located in the ventricular wall of the brain, the main function of which is believed to be production of cerebrospinal fluid. ...

Recording Synaptic Plasticity in Acute Hippocampal Slices Maintained in a Small-volume Recycling-, Perfusion-, and Submersion-type Chamber System

Even though experiments on brain slices have been in use since 1951, problems remain that reduce the probability of achieving a stable and successful analysis of synaptic transmission modulation when performing field potential or intracellular recordings. This manuscript describes methodological aspects that might be helpful in improving experimental conditions for the maintenance of acute brain slices and for recording field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in a commercially available submersion chamber with an outflow-carbogenation unit. The outflow-carbogenation helps to stabilize the oxygen level in experiments that rely on the recycling of a small buffer reservoir to enhance the cost-efficiency of drug experiments. In addition, the manuscript presents representative experiments that examine the effects of different carbogenation modes and stimulation paradigms on the activity-dependent synaptic plasticity of synaptic transmission.

This protocol describes the stabilization of the oxygen level in a small volume of recycled buffer and methodological aspects of recording activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in submerged acute hippocampal slices.

تسجيل اللدونة متشابك في شرائح هيبوكامبال الحاد تحتفظ في صغيرة الحجم-إعادة التدوير، ونضح-، وغمر من نوع نظام الدائرة

Even though experiments on brain slices have been in use since 1951, problems remain that reduce the probability of achieving a stable and successful ...

Live Imaging of Primary Cerebral Cortex Cells Using a 2D Culture System

During cerebral cortex development, progenitor cells undergo several rounds of symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions to generate new progenitors or postmitotic neurons. Later, some progenitors switch to a gliogenic fate, adding to the astrocyte and oligodendrocyte populations. Using time-lapse video-microscopy of primary cerebral cortex cell cultures, it is possible to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the mode of cell division and cell cycle parameters of progenitor cells. Similarly, the fate of postmitotic cells can be examined using cell-specific fluorescent reporter proteins or post-imaging immunocytochemistry. More importantly, all these features can be analyzed at the single-cell level, allowing the identification of progenitors committed to the generation of specific cell types. Manipulation of gene expression can also be performed using viral-mediated transfection, allowing the study of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous phenomena. Finally, the use of fusion fluorescent proteins allows the study of symmetric and asymmetric distribution of selected proteins during division and the correlation with daughter cells fate. Here, we describe the time-lapse video-microscopy method to image primary cerebral cortex murine cells for up to several days and analyze the mode of cell division, cell cycle length and fate of newly generated cells. We also describe a simple method to transfect progenitor cells, which can be applied to manipulate genes of interest or simply label cells with reporter proteins.

Live imaging is a powerful tool to study cellular behaviors in real time. Here, we describe a protocol for time-lapse video-microscopy of primary cerebral cortex cells that allows a detailed examination of the phases enacted during the lineage progression from primary neural stem cells to differentiated neurons and glia.

يعيش تصوير خلايا قشرة الدماغ الأولية باستخدام نظام ثقافة 2D

During cerebral cortex development, progenitor cells undergo several rounds of symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions to generate new progenitors or ...

A Volumetric Method for Quantification of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke. Cerebral vasospasm that occurs in the aftermath of the bleeding is an important factor determining patient outcome and is therefore frequently taken as a study endpoint. However, in small animal studies on SAH, quantification of cerebral vasospasm is a major challenge. Here, an ex vivo method is presented that allows quantification of volumes of entire vessel segments, which can be used as an objective measure to quantify cerebral vasospasm. In a first step, endovascular casting of the cerebral vasculature is performed using a radiopaque casting agent. Then, cross-sectional imaging data are acquired by micro computed tomography. The final step involves 3-dimensional reconstruction of the virtual vascular tree, followed by an algorithm to calculate center lines and volumes of the selected vessel segments. The method resulted in a highly accurate virtual reconstruction of the cerebrovascular tree shown by a diameter-based comparison of anatomical samples with their virtual reconstructions. Compared with vessel diameters alone, the vessel volumes highlight the differences between vasospastic and non-vasospastic vessels shown in a series of SAH and sham-operated mice.

The goal of this article is to present a method that allows a 3-dimensional reconstruction of the cerebrovascular tree in mice after micro computed tomography and determination of volumes of entire vessel segments that can be used to quantify cerebral vasospasm in murine models of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

أسلوب حجمي للتحديد الكمي للمخ بالتشنج في نموذج موريني نزيف تحت العنكبوتية

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke. Cerebral vasospasm that occurs in the aftermath of the bleeding is an important factor ...

Effects of Blast-induced Neurotrauma on Pressurized Rodent Middle Cerebral Arteries

Though there have been studies on the histopathological and behavioral effects of blast exposure, fewer have been dedicated to blast&#39;s cerebral vascular effects. Impact (i.e., non-blast) traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to decrease pressure autoregulation in the cerebral vasculature in both humans and experimental animals. The hypothesis that blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI), like impact TBI, results in impaired cerebral vascular reactivity was tested by measuring myogenic dilatory responses to reduced intravascular pressure in rodent middle cerebral arterial (MCA) segments from rats subjected to mild bTBI using an Advanced Blast Simulator (ABS) shock tube. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, intubated, ventilated and prepared for Sham bTBI (identical manipulation and anesthesia except for blast injury) or mild bTBI. Rats were randomly assigned to receive Sham bTBI or mild bTBI followed by sacrifice 30 or 60 min post-injury. Immediately after bTBI, righting reflex (RR) suppression times were assessed, euthanasia at the time points post-injury was completed, the brain was harvested and the individual MCA segments were collected, mounted and pressurized. As the intraluminal pressure perfused through the arterial segments was reduced in 20 mmHg increments from 100 to 20 mmHg, MCA diameters were measured and recorded. With decreasing intraluminal pressure, MCA diameters steadily increased significantly above baseline in the Sham bTBI groups while MCA dilator responses were significantly reduced (p &#60; 0.05) in both bTBI groups as evidenced by the impaired, smaller MCA diameters recorded for the bTBI groups. In addition, RR suppression in the bTBI groups was significantly (p &#60; 0.05) higher than in the Sham bTBI groups. MCA&#39;s collected from the Sham bTBI groups exhibited typical vasodilatory properties to decreases in intraluminal pressure while MCA&#39;s collected following bTBI exhibited significantly impaired myogenic vasodilatory responses to reduced pressure that persisted for at least 60 min after bTBI.

Here, we present a protocol to describe methods for ex vivo vascular reactivity determination following a primary blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI) using isolated, pressurized, rodent middle cerebral arterial (MCA) segments. bTBI induction is accomplished using a shock tube, also known as an Advanced Blast Simulator (ABS) device.

آثار Neurotrauma الناجمة عن الانفجار على القوارض المضغوط الأوسط الشرايين الدماغية

Though there have been studies on the histopathological and behavioral effects of blast exposure, fewer have been dedicated to blast&#39;s cerebral ...

Intra-Arterial Delivery of Neural Stem Cells to the Rat and Mouse Brain: Application to Cerebral Ischemia

Neural stem cell (NSC) therapy is an emerging innovative treatment for stroke, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. As compared to intracranial delivery, intra-arterial administration of NSCs is less invasive and produces a more diffuse distribution of NSCs within the brain parenchyma. Further, intra-arterial delivery allows the first-pass effect in the brain circulation, lessening the potential for trapping of cells in peripheral organs, such as liver and spleen, a complication associated with peripheral injections. Here, we detail the methodology, in both mice and rats, for delivery of NSCs through the common carotid artery (mouse) or external carotid artery (rat) to the ipsilateral hemisphere after an ischemic stroke. Using GFP-labeled NSCs, we illustrate the widespread distribution achieved throughout the rodent ipsilateral hemisphere at 1 d, 1 week and 4 weeks after postischemic delivery, with a higher density in or near the ischemic injury site. In addition to long-term survival, we show evidence of differentiation of GFP-labeled cells at 4 weeks. The intra-arterial delivery approach described here for NSCs can also be used for administration of therapeutic compounds, and thus has broad applicability to varied CNS injury and disease models across multiple species.

A method for delivering neural stem cells, adaptable for injecting solutions or suspensions, through the common carotid artery (mouse) or external carotid artery (rat) after ischemic stroke is reported. Injected cells are distributed broadly throughout the brain parenchyma and can be detected up to 30 d after delivery.

التسليم داخل الشرايين للخلايا الجذعية العصبية إلى الدماغ الفئران والفأر: تطبيق على الإقفاري الدماغي

Neural stem cell (NSC) therapy is an emerging innovative treatment for stroke, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. As compared to ...

Measuring Post-Stroke Cerebral Edema, Infarct Zone and Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in a Single Set of Rodent Brain Samples

One of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide is ischemic stroke. Historically, an animal model used to stimulate ischemic stroke involves middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Infarct zone, brain edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown are measured as parameters that reflect the extent of brain injury after MCAO. A significant limitation to this method is that these measurements are normally obtained in different rat brain samples, leading to ethical and financial burdens due to the large number of rats that need to be euthanized for an appropriate sample size. Here we present a method to accurately assess brain injury following MCAO by measuring infarct zone, brain edema and BBB permeability in the same set of rat brains. This novel technique provides a more efficient way to evaluate the pathophysiology of stroke.

This protocol describes a novel technique of measuring the three most important parameters of ischemic brain injury on the same set of rodent brain samples. Using only one brain sample is highly advantageous in terms of ethical and economic costs.

قياس الوذمة الدماغية بعد السكتة الدماغية، منطقة إنفاركت وانهيار حاجز الدم والدماغ في مجموعة واحدة من عينات الدماغ القوارض

One of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide is ischemic stroke. Historically, an animal model used to stimulate ischemic stroke ...

Extraction and Dissection of the Domesticated Pig Brain

Use of the pig as a preclinical and translatable animal model has been well-documented and accepted by research fields investigating cardiovascular systems, gastrointestinal systems, and nutrition, and the pig is increasingly being used as a large animal model in neuroscience. Furthermore, the pig is an accepted model to study neurodevelopment as it displays brain growth and development patterns similar to what occurs in humans. As a less common animal model in neuroscience, surgical and dissection procedures on pigs may not be as familiar or well-practiced among researchers. Therefore, a standardized visual protocol detailing consistent extraction and dissection methods may prove valuable for researchers working with the pig. The following video showcases a technique to remove the pig brain while keeping the cortex and brainstem intact and reviews methods to dissect several commonly investigated brain regions including the brainstem, cerebellum, midbrain, hippocampus, striatum, thalamus, and medial prefrontal cortex. The purpose of this video is to provide researchers with the tools and knowledge necessary to consistently perform a brain extraction and dissection on the four-week-old pig.

This protocol details the technique for removal of the pig brain in its entirety and dissection of several brain regions commonly studied in neuroscience.

استخراج وتشريح دماغ الخنزير المستأنس

Use of the pig as a preclinical and translatable animal model has been well-documented and accepted by research fields investigating cardiovascular ...